scholarly journals Storming the light limit: How far can you go?

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Peter Drent
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Lateral Resolution ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
New Era ◽  
Superresolution Microscopy ◽  
Nanoscale Imaging ◽  
Optical Light Microscopy ◽  
20 Nm

Optical light microscopy is set to enter a new era of superresolution with the development of technolo gies that overcome the resolution limit of traditional light microscopes. Ideal for a variety of disciplines within the biological sciences, these new technologies enable the study of cell structure at the nanoscale, revealing cellular features previously impossible to see. Whereas nanoscale imaging has been possible for many years using electron microscopy methods, the new superresolution optical technologies en able twodimensional and threedimensional imaging of fixed and/or living specimens. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the development of superresolution microscopy and Nikon's offering for superresolution fluorescence imaging, NSIM, with lateral resolution twice that of conventional light microscopes and suitable for fixed and live cell imaging, and NSTORM, which achieves a remarkable lateral resolution of approximately 20 nm and axial resolution of approximately 50 nm in fixed specimens.

scholarly journals From automobile capitalism to platform capitalism: Toyotism as a prehistory of digital platforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 017084062110306
Author(s):  
Marc Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
New Era ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Digital Artefact ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the automotive lineage and manufacturing origins of platforms. Challenging prevailing assumptions that the platform is a digital artefact, and platform capitalism a new era, this article traces crucial elements of platform capitalism to Toyotist automobile manufacture in order to rethink the relationship between technology and organization. Arguing that the very terminology and industry applications of the ‘platform’ emerge from the automobile industry over the course of the 20th century, this article cautions against the uncritical adoption of epochal paradigms, or assumptions that new technologies require new organizational forms. By parsing the platform into two types, the stack and the intermediary, this article demonstrates how the platform concept and data-driven production practice both develop out of the Toyota Production System in particular, and American and Japanese analyses of it. Toyotism, we show, is the unseen industrial and epistemological background against which the platform economy plays out. In making this case, this article highlights the crucial continuities between the data intensive production of companies like Uber and Amazon – emblematic of digital platform capitalism – and the organizational paradigms of the automobile industry. At a moment when the automobile returns to prominence amidst platforms such as Uber, Didi Chuxing, or Waymo, and as we find tech companies turning to automobile manufacturing, this automotive lineage of the platform offers a crucial reminder of the automotive origins of what we now call platform capitalism.

scholarly journals PROTEIN TEACHING: AN APPROACH FOR TEACHER TRAINING APPLIED TO STUDENTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES COURSE AT UFRN

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
J. K.S. NASCIMENTO et al
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Teaching Learning

Teaching biochemistry in higher education is increasingly becoming a challenge. It is notoriously difficult for students to assimilate the topic; in addition there are many complaints about the complexity of subjects and a lack of integration with the day-to-day. A recurrent problem in undergraduate courses is the absence of teaching practice in specific disciplines. This work aimed to stimulate students in the biological sciences course who were enrolled in the discipline of MOLECULAR DIVERSITY (MD), to create hypothetical classes focused on basic education highlighting the proteins topic. The methodology was applied in a class that contained 35 students. Seven groups were formed, and each group chose a protein to be used as a source of study for elementary school classes. A lesson plan was created focusing on the methodology that the group would use to manage a class. The class was to be presented orally. Students were induced to be creative and incorporate a teacher figure, and to propose teaching methodologies for research using the CTS approach (Science, Technology and Society). Each group presented a three-dimensional structure of the protein they had chosen, explained their structural features and functions and how they would develop the theme for a class of basic education, and what kind of methodology they would use for this purpose. At the end of the presentations, a questionnaire was given to students in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology in the teaching-learning process. The activity improved the teacher’s training and developed skills and abilities, such as creativity, didactical planning, teaching ability, development of educational models and the use of new technologies. The methodology used in this work was extremely important to the training of future teachers, who were able to better understand the content covered in the discipline and relate it to day-to-day life.

scholarly journals Answers to Fundamental Questions in Superresolution Microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Heintzmann
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Structured Illumination Microscopy ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Superresolution Microscopy ◽  
Definition Of

This article presents answers to the questions on superresolution and structured illumination microscopy as raised in the editorial of a recent publication [K. Prakash et al. arXiv, 2102.13649, 2021]. The answers are based on my personal views on superresolution in light microscopy, supported by reasoning. Discussed are the definition of superresolution, Abbe’s resolution limit and the classification of superresolution methods into non-linear-, prior-knowledge- and near-field-based superresolution. A further focus is put on capabilities and technical aspects of present and future structured illumination microscopy (SIM) methods.

Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation for Pathologists

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 1541-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lieu
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Lateral Resolution ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
Fine Needle

Abstract Context.—Interest in pathologist-performed ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is increasing. Educational courses discuss clinical ultrasound and biopsy techniques but not ultrasound physics and instrumentation. Objective.—To review modern ultrasound physics and instrumentation to help pathologists understand the basis of modern ultrasound. Data Sources.—A review of recent literature and textbooks was performed. Conclusions.—Ultrasound physics and instrumentation are the foundations of clinical ultrasound. The key physical principle is the piezoelectric effect. When stimulated by an electric current, certain crystals vibrate and produce ultrasound. A hand-held transducer converts electricity into ultrasound, transmits it into tissue, and listens for reflected ultrasound to return. The returning echoes are converted into electrical signals and used to create a 2-dimensional gray-scale image. Scanning at a high frequency improves axial resolution but has low tissue penetration. Electronic focusing moves the long-axis focus to depth of the object of interest and improves lateral resolution. The short-axis focus in 1-dimensional transducers is fixed, which results in poor elevational resolution away from the focal zone. Using multiple foci improves lateral resolution but degrades temporal resolution. The sonographer can adjust the dynamic range to change contrast and bring out subtle masses. Contrast resolution is limited by processing speed, monitor resolution, and gray-scale perception of the human eye. Ultrasound is an evolving field. New technologies include miniaturization, spatial compound imaging, tissue harmonics, and multidimensional transducers. Clinical cytopathologists who understand ultrasound physics, instrumentation, and clinical ultrasound are ready for the challenges of cytopathologist-performed ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and core-needle biopsy in the 21st century.

The Political Economy of Alcohol

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Sasges
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Era ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Enterprise Groups ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
State Protection

When A.R. Fontaine arrived in Tonkin in 1886, he was quick to see the potential of applying new technologies to a traditional industry, and to grasp the importance of state protection for the success of his fledgling enterprise. From modest origins, he built a business empire that included everything from distilleries to coal mines to bicycle factories. Fontaine’s was one of the colonial conglomerates that played a central role in the economy’s “Indochinese moment,” introducing new technologies and familiarizing Indochinese with new ways of working, consuming and being. However, the downturn that began in Indochina in 1928 exposed the weakness of many of these enterprise groups. When A.R. Fontaine was forced to step down as President of the SFDIC in 1932, it signified the start of a new era of economic development directed not from Hanoi or Saigon, but rather from Paris.

Investigating the Effect of E-Learning Technologies on Supply Chain Activities

2013 ◽  
pp. 254-273
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Terzidis ◽  
Fotios Misopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
English Language ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
New Era ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Electronic Teaching

This chapter’s concern is the impact of new technologies in the supply chain of the English Language Teaching (ELT) book market. The chapter’s research starts with a literature review that presents the modern technological solutions for an educational system that can alter the book market’s supply chain. The electronic teaching and reading facilities can reduce costs of production and distribution, but they can also become an ecologically friendly solution to the environmental problems that the world faces today. The statistical analysis of questionnaires has resulted in the Greek ELT market not being willing to change the existing supply chain operations of the ELT sector. Even though the market does not believe that the use of new technologies can result in the replacement of printed books, there is a trend of using them because they provide marketing benefits to their users. This trend can become the reason of a new era within the ELT book market’s supply chain operations.

Emerging Technologies and Universities

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Fausto E. Jacome
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Era ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Emerging technologies such as machine learning, the cloud, the internet of things (IoT), social web, mobility, robotics, and blockchain, among others, are powering a technological revolution in such a way that are transforming all human activities. These new technologies have generated creative ways of offering goods and services. Today's consumers demand in addition to quality, innovation, a real-time and ubiquitous service. In this context, what is the challenge that academy faces? What is the effect of these new technologies on the universities mission? What are people's expectations about academy in this new era? This chapter tries to get answers to these questions and explain how these emerging technologies are converting universities to lead society transformation to the digital age. Under this new paradigm, there are only two roads: innovate or perish. As might be expected universities are embracing these technologies for innovating themselves.

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