scholarly journals The signalling role of ROS in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (20) ◽  
pp. 3019-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Bailly
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Seed Physiology ◽  
Spatiotemporal Regulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Hormone Signalling

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile compounds which can have toxic or signalling effects in a wide range living organisms, including seeds. They have been reported to play a pivotal role in the regulation of seed germination and dormancy but their mechanisms of action are still far from being fully understood. In this review, we sum-up the major findings that have been carried out this last decade in this field of research and which altogether shed a new light on the signalling roles of ROS in seed physiology. ROS participate in dormancy release during seed dry storage through the direct oxidation of a subset of biomolecules. During seed imbibition, the controlled generation of ROS is involved in the perception and transduction of environmental conditions that control germination. When these conditions are permissive for germination, ROS levels are maintained at a level which triggers cellular events associated with germination, such as hormone signalling. Here we propose that the spatiotemporal regulation of ROS production acts in concert with hormone signalling to regulate the cellular events involved in cell expansion associated with germination.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Atherosclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Perrotta ◽  
Saveria Aquila
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Vascular Smcs ◽  
Subendothelial Space

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, multistep disorder of large- and medium-sized arteries involving, in addition to age, gender and menopausal status, a complex interplay between lifestyle and genetic risk factors. Atherosclerosis usually begins with the diffusion and retention of atherogenic lipoproteins into the subendothelial space of the artery wall where they become oxidized by local enzymes and accumulate, leading to the formation of a cushion called atheroma or atheromatous or fibrofatty plaque, composed of a mixture of macrophages, lymphocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), cholesterol cleft, necrotic debris, and lipid-laden foam cells. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis still remains incompletely understood but emerging evidence suggests that it may involve multiple cellular events, including endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, inflammation, proliferation of vascular SMCs, matrix (ECM) alteration, and neovascularization. Actually, a growing body of evidence indicates that autophagy along with the chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is integral to the development and progression of the disease and may represent fruitful avenues for biological investigation and for the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we give an overview of ROS and autophagy in atherosclerosis as background to understand their potential role in this vascular disease.

Active oxygen species and antioxidants in seed biology

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Bailly
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Seed Physiology

Active oxygen species (AOS) are involved in various aspects of seed physiology. Their generation, which occurs during seed desiccation, germination and ageing, may lead to oxidative stress and cellular damage, resulting in seed deterioration. However, cells are endowed with detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant compounds that scavenge AOS and participate in seed survival. The detoxifying mechanisms play a key role in acquisition of desiccation tolerance of developing seeds, completion of seed germination and seed storability. However, AOS must also be regarded as molecules intervening in cellular signalling. They are involved in growth processes occurring at early embryogenesis during seed development, and participate in the mechanisms underlying radicle protrusion during seed germination. AOS might also have a regulatory function in the changes in gene expression during seed development, dormancy and germination. Their interplay with other molecules, particularly with hormones such as abscisic acid, suggests that they should be considered as key components of an integrated signalling network involved in many aspects of seed physiology.

scholarly journals Role of reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase in gibberellin biosynthesis during barley seed germination

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e1180492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyohei Kai ◽  
Shinsuke Kasa ◽  
Masatsugu Sakamoto ◽  
Nozomi Aoki ◽  
Gaku Watabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Shape and Size of Gold Nanoparticles on Their Toxicities to Fungi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangze Liu ◽  
Zhonglei He ◽  
Hugh J. Byrne ◽  
James Curtin ◽  
Furong Tian
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Mucor Hiemalis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Shape And Size

The possibility of releasing gold nanoparticles (GNP) into the environment has been rapidly increasing with the wide spread and flourishing application of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in a wide range of areas. Consequently, environmental effects of GNP, especially toxicities to living organisms have drawn great attention. However, their toxicological characteristics still remain unclear. Fungi, as the decomposers of the ecosystem, interact directly with the environment and critically control the overall health of the biosphere. Thus, their sensitivity to GNP toxicity is particularly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of shape and size of GNPs on their toxicities to fungi, which could help reveal the ecotoxicity of GNPs. Aspergillus niger, Mucor hiemalis and Penicillium chrysogenum were chosen for toxicity assessment, and circular and star/flower-shaped GNPs sized from 0.7 nm to large aggregates of 400 nm have been synthesised. After mixed with GNPs and reacting agents of GNPs accordingly and incubated for 48 hours, the relative survival rates of each kind of fungus was calculated and compared. The results indicated that with similar sizes, star/flower-shaped GNPs are more toxic to fungi than circular-shaped GNPs; the toxicity of star/flower-shaped GNPs increases with smaller sizes. The results also showed that different species of fungus reacts differently to same GNPs, and Penicillium chrysogenum was relatively more sensitive under the exposure to GNPs.

scholarly journals Defective Autophagy in Atherosclerosis: To Die or to Senesce?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy O. J. Grootaert ◽  
Lynn Roth ◽  
Dorien M. Schrijvers ◽  
Guido R. Y. De Meyer ◽  
Wim Martinet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Autophagic Process ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Autophagy is a subcellular process that plays an important role in the degradation of proteins and damaged organelles such as mitochondria (a process termed “mitophagy”) via lysosomes. It is crucial for regulating protein and mitochondrial quality control and maintaining cellular homeostasis, whereas dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in a wide range of diseases including atherosclerosis. Recent evidence has shown that the autophagic process becomes dysfunctional during the progression of atherosclerosis, regardless of whether there are many autophagy-stimulating factors (e.g., reactive oxygen species, oxidized lipids, and cytokines) present within the atherosclerotic plaque. This review highlights the recent insights into the causes and consequences of defective autophagy in atherosclerosis, with a special focus on the role of autophagy and mitophagy in plaque macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and endothelial cells (ECs). It has been shown that defective autophagy can promote apoptosis in macrophages but that it accelerates premature senescence in VSMCs. In the ECs, defective autophagy promotes both apoptosis and senescence. We will discuss the discrepancy between these three cell types in their response to autophagy deficiency and underline the cell type-dependent role of autophagy, which may have important implications for the efficacy of autophagy-targeted treatments for atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds as Modulators of NADPH Oxidases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullia Maraldi
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidases ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular signals generated ubiquitously by all mammalian cells, but their relative unbalance triggers also diseases through intracellular damage to DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are the only known enzyme family with the sole function to produce ROS. The NOX physiological functions concern host defence, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. On the other hand, increased NOX activity contributes to a wide range of pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, organ failure, and cancer. Therefore targeting these enzymatic ROS sources by natural compounds, without affecting the physiological redox state, may be an important tool. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the role of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology and provides an overview of the currently available NADPH oxidase inhibitors derived from natural extracts such as polyphenols.

scholarly journals miRNA Mediated Regulation and Interaction between Plants and Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2913
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Yang ◽  
Lichun Zhang ◽  
Yuzhang Yang ◽  
Markus Schmid ◽  
Yanwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Plants have evolved diverse molecular mechanisms that enable them to respond to a wide range of pathogens. It has become clear that microRNAs, a class of short single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-translational level, play a crucial role in coordinating plant-pathogen interactions. Specifically, miRNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of phytohormone signals, reactive oxygen species, and NBS-LRR gene expression, thereby modulating the arms race between hosts and pathogens. Adding another level of complexity, it has recently been shown that specific lncRNAs (ceRNAs) can act as decoys that interact with and modulate the activity of miRNAs. Here we review recent findings regarding the roles of miRNA in plant defense, with a focus on the regulatory modes of miRNAs and their possible applications in breeding pathogen-resistance plants including crops and trees. Special emphasis is placed on discussing the role of miRNA in the arms race between hosts and pathogens, and the interaction between disease-related miRNAs and lncRNAs.

scholarly journals Can aluminum, a non-redox metal, alter the thermodynamics of key biological redox processes? The DPPH-QH 2 radical scavenging reaction as a test case.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Lanuza ◽  
Veronica Postils ◽  
Xabier Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Redox Processes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Potentials ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
First Time

The increased bioavailability of aluminum has led to a concern about its toxicity on living systems. Among the most important toxic effects, it has been proven that aluminum increases oxidative stress in biological systems, a controversial fact, however, due to its non-redox nature. In the present work, we characterize in detail how aluminum can alter redox equilibriums by analyzing its effects on the thermodynamics of the redox scavenging reaction between DPPH . , a radical compound often used as a reactive oxygen species model, and hydroquinones, a potent natural antioxidant. For the first time, theoretical and experimental redox potentials within aluminum biochemistry are directly compared. Our results fully agree with experimental reduction and oxidation potentials, unequivocally revealing how aluminum alters the spontaneity of the reaction by stabilizing the reduction of DPPH· to DPPH − and promoting a proton transfer to the diazine moiety, leading to the production of a DPPH-H species. The capability of aluminum to modify redox potentials shown here confirms previous experimental findings on the role of aluminum to interfere with free radical scavenging reactions, affecting the natural redox processes of living organisms.

scholarly journals Impact of Biocorrosion on the Durability of Etics and Empirical Findings About the Periodocity of Maintenance

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Naďa Antošová
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complete Collapse

Abstract Generally, the role of living organisms (especially bacteria, cyanophytes, algae and fungi) in the physical and chemical processes of the biocorrosion of an external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) is underestimated. These organisms are the ones that are responsible for a wide range of changes in or "diseases" of building materials and constructions, including damage to a building´s appearance or the destruction and complete collapse of the characteristics and requirements of materials and the ETICS construction. The following article concerns the impact of biological factors on the durability of ETICS. It shows the importance of and necessity to maintain it, and the method and periodicity of the maintenance.

scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Shape and Size of Gold Nanoparticles on Their Toxicities to Fungi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangze Liu ◽  
Zhonglei He ◽  
Hugh J. Byrne ◽  
James F. Curtin ◽  
Furong Tian
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Mucor Hiemalis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Shape And Size

The possibility of releasing gold nanoparticles (GNP) into the environment has been rapidly increasing with the wide spread and flourishing application of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in a wide range of areas. Consequently, environmental effects of GNP, especially toxicities to living organisms have drawn great attention. However, their toxicological characteristics still remain unclear. Fungi, as the decomposers of the ecosystem, interact directly with the environment and critically control the overall health of the biosphere. Thus, their sensitivity to GNP toxicity is particularly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of shape and size of GNPs on their toxicities to fungi, which could help reveal the ecotoxicity of GNPs. Aspergillus niger, Mucor hiemalis and Penicillium chrysogenum were chosen for toxicity assessment, and spherical and star/flower-shaped GNPs sized from 0.7 nm to large aggregates of 400 nm have been synthesised. After exposure to GNPs and their corresponding reaction agents and incubation for 48 hours, the survival rates of each kind of fungus was calculated and compared. The results indicated that fungal species was the major determinant of the variation of survival rates, whereby A. niger was most sensitive and M. himalis was least sensitive to GNP exposure. Additionally, larger and non-spherical GNPs had relatively stronger toxicities.

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