Mechanism of reaction of isomeric nitrolic acids to nitrile oxides in aqueous solution

1991 ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Egan ◽  
Maurice Clery ◽  
Anthony F. Hegarty ◽  
Alan J. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitrile Oxides ◽  
Mechanism Of Reaction ◽  
Nitrolic Acids

ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of Reaction of Isomeric Nitrolic Acids to Nitrile Oxides in Aqueous Solution.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
C. EGAN ◽  
M. CLERY ◽  
A. F. HEGARTY ◽  
A. J. WELCH
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitrile Oxides ◽  
Mechanism Of Reaction ◽  
Nitrolic Acids

Molecular dynamics study of lignin constituents in water

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yi Li ◽  
Leif A. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Methoxy Group ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Coniferyl Alcohol ◽  
Dimer Formation ◽  
Mechanism Of Reaction ◽  
Centers Of Mass ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the distribution of linkages in coumaryl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol systems, including monomeric systems and monomers interacting with β-O4 dimers, respectively. Studying the interactions of two monolignols and the corresponding dimers sheds light on the preferred mechanism of reaction of the growing lignin polymer from the view of kinetic factors. The energy change upon association was quantified, and the distances between the centers of mass of different molecules, and the relative orientations between the phenol groups were calculated for all the systems. Using a cut-off threshold of 4 Å to indicate association leading to bond formation, it is concluded that the presence of the additional methoxy group on coniferyl alcohol assists in promoting interaction of the O4 group with the second moiety. Based on the computed data it is furthermore concluded that in aqueous solution, the most likely model of polymerization is that involving initial dimer formation, followed by dimer-dimer association.

ChemInform Abstract: Nitrolic Acids: Efficient Precursors of Nitrile Oxides under Neutral Conditions.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (20) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Christophe Matt ◽  
Arnaud Gissot ◽  
Alain Wagner ◽  
Charles Mioskowski
Keyword(s):  
Nitrile Oxides ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
Nitrolic Acids

Elucidation of the Mechanism of Reaction between S2O82–, Selenite and Mn2+ in Aqueous Solution and Limestone-Gypsum FGD Liquor

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (19) ◽  
pp. 11311-11317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Akiho ◽  
Shigeo Ito ◽  
Hiromitsu Matsuda ◽  
Toshiaki Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Mechanism Of Reaction

scholarly journals Nitrolic acids: efficient precursors of nitrile oxides under neutral conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Matt ◽  
Arnaud Gissot ◽  
Alain Wagner ◽  
Charles Mioskowski
Keyword(s):  
Nitrile Oxides ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
Nitrolic Acids

Structures Formed by Cryoprotective Agents Used in Freezc-Etching

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
G. G. Cocks ◽  
C. E. Cluthe
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Structural Constituent ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Quick Freezing ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Fractured Surface

The freeze etching technique is potentially useful for examining dilute solutions or suspensions of macromolecular materials. Quick freezing of aqueous solutions in Freon or propane at or near liquid nitrogen temperature produces relatively large ice crystals and these crystals may damage the structures to be examined. Cryoprotective agents may reduce damage to the specimem, hut their use often results in the formation of a different set of specimem artifacts.In a study of the structure of polyethylene oxide gels glycerol and sucrose were used as cryoprotective agents. The experiments reported here show some of the structures which can appear when these cryoprotective agents are used.Figure 1 shows a fractured surface of a frozen 25% aqueous solution of sucrose. The branches of dendritic ice crystals surrounded hy ice-sucrose eutectic can be seen. When this fractured surface is etched the ice in the dendrites sublimes giving the type of structure shown in Figure 2. The ice-sucrose eutectic etches much more slowly. It is the smooth continuous structural constituent surrounding the branches of the dendrites.

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