425. The separation of germanium tetrachloride from arsenic trichloride by fractional distillation

1952 ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
H. J. Cluley ◽  
R. C. Chirnside
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Germanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Arsenic Trichloride

Concentration of Grapefruit Essential oil by Fractional Distillation

Planta Medica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Monsef-Esfahani ◽  
Y Amanzade ◽  
R Hajiaghaee ◽  
F Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Fractional Distillation

Renewable Diesel Blendstocks and Biopriviliged Chemicals Distilled from Algal Biocrude Oil Converted via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting (Grace) Chen ◽  
Zhenwei Wu ◽  
Buchun Si ◽  
Yuanhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Biocrude Oil ◽  
Specification Analysis

This study aims to produce renewable diesel and biopriviliged chemicals from microalgae that can thrive in wastewater environment. <i>Spirulina</i> (SP) was converted into biocrude oil at 300ºC for a 30-minute reaction time via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Next, fractional distillation was used to separate SP-derived biocrude oil into different distillates. It was found that 62% of the viscous SP-derived biocrude oil can be separated into liquids at about 270ºC (steam temperature of the distillation). Physicochemical characterizations, including density, viscosity, acidity, elemental compositions, higher heating values and chemical compositions, were carried out with the distillates separated from SP-derived biocrude oil. These analyses showed that 15% distillates could be used as renewable diesel because they have similar heating values (43-46 MJ/kg) and carbon numbers (ranging from C8 to C18) to petroleum diesel. The Van Krevelan diagram of the distillates suggests that deoxygenation was effectively achieved by fractional distillation. In addition, GC-MS analysis indicates that some distillates contain biopriviliged chemicals like aromatics, phenols and fatty nitriles that can be used as commodity chemicals. An algal biorefinery roadmap was proposed based on the analyses of different distillates from the SP-derived biocrude oil. Finally, the fuel specification analysis was conducted with the drop-in renewable diesel, which was prepared with 10 vol.% (HTL10) distillates and 90 vol.% petroleum diesel. According to the fuel specification analysis, HTL10 exhibited a qualified lubricity (<520 µm), acidity (<0.3 mg KOH/g) and oxidation stability (>6 hr), as well as a comparable net heat of combustion (1% lower), ash content (29% lower) and viscosity (17% lower) to those of petroleum diesel. Ultimately, it is expected that this study can provide insights for potential application of algal biocrude oil converted via HTL.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF MICROALGAE CRUDE OIL FOR PURE HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iago Costa ◽  
Wellington Balmant ◽  
JOSÉ VIRIATO COELHO VARGAS ◽  
Luiz Rigatti ◽  
Matias Nicolas Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Pure Hydrocarbon

Monitoring the Fractional Distillation Purification of Inorganic Hydrides by Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1284-1289
Author(s):  
Ya. Ya. Ponurovskii ◽  
D. B. Stavrovskii ◽  
Yu. P. Shapovalov ◽  
M. V. Spiridonov ◽  
A. S. Kuz’michev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Laser Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Diode Laser Absorption

scholarly journals Chemical Recycling of WEEE Plastics—Production of High Purity Monocyclic Aromatic Chemicals

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Tobias Rieger ◽  
Jessen C. Oey ◽  
Volodymyr Palchyk ◽  
Alexander Hofmann ◽  
Matthias Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Halogen Content ◽  
Methyl Styrene

More than 200 kg real waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) shredder residues from a German dismantling plant were treated at 650 °C in a demonstration scale thermochemical conversion plant. The focus within this work was the generation, purification, and analysis of pyrolysis oil. Subsequent filtration and fractional distillation were combined to yield basic chemicals in high purity. By means of fractional distillation, pure monocyclic aromatic fractions containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX aromatics) as well as styrene and α-methyl styrene were isolated for chemical recycling. Mass balances were determined, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as well as energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) measurements provided data on the purity and halogen content of each fraction. This work shows that thermochemical conversion and the subsequent refining by fractional distillation is capable of recycling WEEE shredder residues, producing pure BTEX and other monocyclic aromatic fractions. A significant decrease of halogen content (up to 99%) was achieved with the applied methods.

Laboratory Low Temperature Fractional Distillation

1949 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1197-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Starr ◽  
J. S. Anderson ◽  
V. M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fractional Distillation
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