Luminescent heteroleptic Eu(III) probes for selective detection of diethyl chlorophosphate as G-series nerve agent mimic in vapor phase using solid-state film

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaffar Abbas ◽  
Usha Yadav ◽  
R. J. Butcher ◽  
Ashis Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health

The extreme toxicity of innocuous organophosphate nerve agents (OP) poses a significant public health risk. Developing an efficient sensing and detection system is crucial to contain and mitigate disasters and...

scholarly journals Public health risk of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infection from urban wildlife

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S132-S132
Author(s):  
G Leu-Burke ◽  
T Charoonsophonsak ◽  
J Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Urban Wildlife ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Overall Evaluation

Abstract Introduction/Objective The dedication of large areas in Anchorage for urban park environments encouraged increased interaction between migrating Canadian geese, approximately 1500 moose and humans. Urban wildlife inhabiting public establishments such as parking lots, creeks, playgrounds, and suburban backyards results in significant environmental fecal contamination. Previous studies found varying potential for zoonotic transmission of parasites through direct fecal contact or water contamination. With a significant number of vulnerable unsheltered individuals in Anchorage using public green belts, there is risk of asymptomatic, under diagnosed, parasitic infection due to exposure to fecal contamination. Methods/Case Report To assess environmental risk of parasitic zoonosis from urban wildlife, we surveyed fourteen high impact exposure areas including waterways and green spaces throughout Anchorage with ground collection of 106 fecal samples from moose (n=76) and geese (n=30). Using standard rapid antigen immunoassay detection method, we identified preserved samples for the presence of Cryptosporidium or Giardia. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Overall evaluation of fecal samples found 23.6% positive for parasitic colonization in 87% of collection sites. Giardia was identified in 10.4% and Cryptosporidium in 13.2%. Comparative evaluation of each species found geese with a higher percentage of Cryptosporidium isolated (30%) when compared to moose (6%). Giardia was predominately found in moose (13%) with very few geese colonized. Conclusion Considering the high population of outdoor enthusiasts and a significant number of unsheltered individuals in Anchorage, discovering nearly a quarter of urban moose and geese colonized with Giardia and/or Cryptosporidium identifies a significant public health risk. Often using creeks and lagoons as their water source Anchorage’s vulnerable population includes a large number of immunocompromised HIV positive individuals in which parasitic infection, especially Cryptosporidium, can cause overall poor health and reduced quality of life. Therefore, active surveillance of parasitic colonization in urban wildlife is essential and continued evaluation necessary to determine public health risk.

scholarly journals Genetic Compatibility of Reassortants between Avian H5N1 and H9N2 Influenza Viruses with Higher Pathogenicity in Mammals

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuha Arai ◽  
Madiha S. Ibrahim ◽  
Emad M. Elgendy ◽  
Tomo Daidoji ◽  
Takao Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Genetic Compatibility ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Significant Public Health

ABSTRACT The cocirculation of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in birds in Egypt provides reassortment opportunities between these two viruses. However, little is known about the emergence potential of reassortants derived from Egyptian H5N1 and H9N2 viruses and about the biological properties of such reassortants. To evaluate the potential public health risk of reassortants of these viruses, we used reverse genetics to generate the 63 possible reassortants derived from contemporary Egyptian H5N1 and H9N2 viruses, containing the H5N1 surface gene segments and combinations of the H5N1 and H9N2 internal gene segments, and analyzed their genetic compatibility, replication ability, and virulence in mice. Genes in the reassortants showed remarkably high compatibility. The replication of most reassortants was higher than the parental H5N1 virus in human cells. Six reassortants were thought to emerge in birds under neutral or positive selective pressure, and four of them had higher pathogenicity in vivo than the parental H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. Our results indicated that H5N1-H9N2 reassortants could be transmitted efficiently to mammals with significant public health risk if they emerge in Egypt, although the viruses might not emerge frequently in birds. IMPORTANCE Close interaction between avian influenza (AI) viruses and humans in Egypt appears to have resulted in many of the worldwide cases of human infections by both H5N1 and H9N2 AI viruses. Egypt is regarded as a hot spot of AI virus evolution. Although no natural reassortant of H5N1 and H9N2 AI viruses has been reported so far, their cocirculation in Egypt may allow emergence of reassortants that may present a significant public health risk. Using reverse genetics, we report here the first comprehensive data showing that H5N1-N9N2 reassortants have fairly high genetic compatibility and possibly higher pathogenicity in mammals, including humans, than the parental viruses. Our results provide insight into the emergence potential of avian H5N1-H9N2 reassortants that may pose a high public health risk.

scholarly journals PD43-06 PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 INHIBITORS AND THE RISK OF MELANOMA: NO SIGNIFICANT PUBLIC HEALTH RISK.

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (Supplement 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Wayne* ◽  
Bryan Herzog ◽  
Elias Atri ◽  
Maurilio Garcia ◽  
Juan Cedeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5

Public health risk analysis of European bat lyssavirus infection in The Netherlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. TAKUMI ◽  
P. H. C. LINA ◽  
W. H. M. VAN DER POEL ◽  
J. A. KRAMPS ◽  
J. W. B. VAN DER GIESSEN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Bat Rabies ◽  
Eptesicus Serotinus

SUMMARYWe present the frequency and the nature of contact incidents of the Serotine bat,Eptesicus serotinus, with humans and with companion animals (specifically cats and dogs), in The Netherlands between 2000 and 2005. Out of 17 bats in bite contact with humans, five tested positive for European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) type 1a. Cats had the most numerous contacts with bats (49 times) but a relatively low number of these bats were EBLV positive (six times). We estimated that the average incidence of human bat rabies infection might be between once per year and once per 700 years, depending mainly on the number of infectious viral particles in bat saliva. The risk of bat rabies is higher between April and October, and in the northern half of the country. This is the first study in Europe describing the risk of human bat rabies after bat contact incidents.

scholarly journals Public health risk of some milk borne pathogens

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M.A. Zeinhom ◽  
Gihan K. Abdel-Latef
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Public Health Risk
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document