Kinetic stability modulation of polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced detection of influenza virus via penetration of viral fusion peptides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaewon Park ◽  
Jong-Woo Lim ◽  
Geunseon Park ◽  
Hyun-Ouk Kim ◽  
Sojeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Kinetic Stability ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Viral Fusion ◽  
Fusion Peptides ◽  
Insight Into

Virus detection is materialized by engineered polymeric nanoparticles as host cell-mimetic decoys and analysis of the kinetic stability of nanoparticles against fusion peptides provides insight into the design of influenza viruses detection system.

scholarly journals ESwab challenges influenza virus propagation in cell cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Trebbien ◽  
B Andersen ◽  
J Rønn ◽  
J McCauley ◽  
T Kølsen Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Viral Propagation ◽  
Influenza Virus Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Darby Canine Kidney

Although the ESwab kit (Copan, Brescia, Italy) is intended for sampling bacteria for culture, this kit is increasingly also used for virus sampling. The effect of ESwab medium on influenza virus detection by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or virus propagation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture was investigated. The ESwab medium was suitable for viral RNA detection but not for viral propagation due to cytotoxicity. Sampling influenza viruses with ESwab challenges influenza surveillance by strongly limiting the possibility of antigenic characterisation.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATIVE REACTIONS OF PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM) AND INFLUENZA VIRUSES: THE EFFECTS OF pH AND ELECTROLYTES UPON VIRUS-HOST CELL COMBINATIONS

1948 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred M. Davenport ◽  
Frank L. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Cell Component ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Combination between PVM and erythrocytes as well as between the influenza viruses and erythrocytes is inhibited at low electrolyte concentrations. Combination between PVM and lung particles as well as between the virus and erythrocytes can be dissociated in solutions of low electrolyte concentration. The rate of elution of influenza virus is decreased under similar conditions. PVM can combine with and be dissociated from erythrocytes repeatedly without affecting the combining capacity of the ceils and does not possess an enzyme-like activity similar to that of the influenza viruses. Because dissociation depends on electrolyte concentration and pH, it appears that the PVM-cell component complex may be in the nature of a weak salt.

The feasibility and performance of participant-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and human metapneumovirus infections among pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyarat Suntarattiwong ◽  
Joshua A Mott ◽  
Sarita Mohanty ◽  
Chalinthorn Sinthuwattanawibool ◽  
Nattinee Srisantiroj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background We assessed performance of participant-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs compared to study staff-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs for the detection of respiratory viruses among pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods We enrolled pregnant women aged ≥18 years and followed them throughout the 2018 influenza season. Women with acute respiratory illness (ARI) self-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs at homes for influenza viruses, RSV, and hMPV real-time RT-PCR testing while the study nurse collected a second mid-turbinate nasal swab during home visits. Paired specimens were processed and tested on the same day. Results The majority (109, 60%) of 182 participants were 20-30 years old. All 200 paired swabs had optimal specimen quality. The median time from symptom onsets to participant-collected swabs was two days and to staff-collected swabs was also two days. The median time difference between the two swabs was two hours. Compared to staff-collected swabs, the participant-collected swabs were 93% sensitive and 99% specific for influenza virus detection, 94% sensitive and 99% specific for RSV detection, and 100% sensitive and 100% specific for hMPV detection. Conclusions Participant-collected mid-turbinate nasal swabs were a valid alternative approach for laboratory confirmation of influenza-, RSV-, and hMPV-associated illnesses among pregnant women in a community setting.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of the SD Bioline Influenza Virus Antigen Test for Rapid Detection of Influenza Viruses A and B in Children and Adults during the Influenza Season

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Yoo ◽  
Jang Wook Sohn ◽  
Dae Won Park ◽  
Jeong Yeon Kim ◽  
Hye Kyung Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Test Kit

ABSTRACT The performance of the SD Bioline rapid antigen test kit for influenza virus detection was evaluated with 295 respiratory specimens during the influenza season. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the SD Bioline test were 61.9% and 96.8% for the influenza A virus antigen and 54.5% and 100% for the influenza B virus antigen, respectively. The results were consistent with peak influenza activities.

scholarly journals Global Impact of Influenza Virus on Cellular Pathways Is Mediated by both Replication-Dependent and -Independent Events

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 4321-4331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary K. Geiss ◽  
Mahru C. An ◽  
Roger E. Bumgarner ◽  
Erick Hammersmark ◽  
Dawn Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Independent Events

ABSTRACT Influenza virus, the causative agent of the common flu, is a worldwide health problem with significant economic consequences. Studies of influenza virus biology have revealed elaborate mechanisms by which the virus interacts with its host cell as it inhibits the synthesis of cellular proteins, evades the innate antiviral response, and facilitates production of viral RNAs and proteins. With the advent of DNA array technology it is now possible to obtain a large-scale view of how viruses alter the environment within the host cell. In this study, the cellular response to influenza virus infection was examined by monitoring the steady-state mRNA levels for over 4,600 cellular genes. Infections with active and inactivated influenza viruses identified changes in cellular gene expression that were dependent on or independent of viral replication, respectively. Viral replication resulted in the downregulation of many cellular mRNAs, and the effect was enhanced with time postinfection. Interestingly, several genes involved in protein synthesis, transcriptional regulation, and cytokine signaling were induced by influenza virus replication, suggesting that some may play essential or accessory roles in the viral life cycle or the host cell's stress response. The gene expression pattern induced by inactivated viruses revealed induction of the cellular metallothionein genes that may represent a protective response to virus-induced oxidative stress. Genome-scale analyses of virus infections will help us to understand the complexities of virus-host interactions and may lead to the discovery of novel drug targets or antiviral therapies.

scholarly journals mSphere of Influence: Resolution of the Structure of an Influenza Virus Polymerase Is a Game Changer

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Richard
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Structural Insight ◽  
Rna Promoter ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Virus Biology ◽  
Game Changer

ABSTRACT Mathilde Richard works in the field of virology, more specifically on the evolution and pathogenesis of influenza viruses. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the two articles “Structure of Influenza A Polymerase Bound to the Viral RNA Promoter” by A. Pflug, D. Guilligay, S. Reich, and S. Cusack (Nature 516:355–360, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14008) and “Structural Insight into Cap-Snatching and RNA Synthesis by Influenza Polymerase” by S. Reich, D. Guilligay, A. Pflug, H. Malet, I. Berger, et al. (Nature 516:361–366, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14009) made an impact on her by providing new grounds to study the influenza virus polymerase and its role in virus biology and evolution.

scholarly journals Influenza Virus with Increased pH of Hemagglutinin Activation Has Improved Replication in Cell Culture but at the Cost of Infectivity in Human Airway Epithelium

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Singanayagam ◽  
Maria Zambon ◽  
Wendy S. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Ph Stability ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Human Airway Epithelium ◽  
Virus Survival

ABSTRACT Pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza virus emerged from swine in 2009 with an adequate capability to infect and transmit between people. In subsequent years, it has circulated as a seasonal virus and evolved further human-adapting mutations. Mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk that increase pH stability have been associated with human adaptation and airborne transmission of pH1N1 virus. Yet, our understanding of how pH stability impacts virus-host interactions is incomplete. Here, using recombinant viruses with point mutations that alter the pH stability of pH1N1 HA, we found distinct effects on virus phenotypes in different experimental models. Increased pH sensitivity enabled viruses to uncoat in endosomes more efficiently, manifesting as increased replication rate in typical continuous cell cultures under single-cycle conditions. A more acid-labile HA also conferred a small reduction in sensitivity to antiviral therapeutics that act at the pH-sensitive HA fusion step. Conversely, in primary human airway epithelium cultured at the air-liquid interface, increased pH sensitivity attenuated multicycle viral replication by compromising virus survival in the extracellular microenvironment. In a mouse model of influenza pathogenicity, there was an optimum HA activation pH, and viruses with either more- or less-pH-stable HA were less virulent. Opposing pressures inside and outside the host cell that determine pH stability may influence zoonotic potential. The distinct effects that changes in pH stability exert on viral phenotypes underscore the importance of using the most appropriate systems for assessing virus titer and fitness, which has implications for vaccine manufacture, antiviral drug development, and pandemic risk assessment. IMPORTANCE The pH stability of the hemagglutinin surface protein varies between different influenza strains and subtypes and can affect the virus’ ability to replicate and transmit. Here, we demonstrate a delicate balance that the virus strikes within and without the target cell. We show that a pH-stable hemagglutinin enables a human influenza virus to replicate more effectively in human airway cells and mouse lungs by facilitating virus survival in the extracellular environment of the upper respiratory tract. Conversely, after entering target cells, being more pH stable confers a relative disadvantage, resulting in less efficient delivery of the viral genome to the host cell nucleus. Since the balance we describe will be affected differently in different host environments, it may restrict a virus’ ability to cross species. In addition, our findings imply that different influenza viruses may show variation in how well they are controlled by antiviral strategies targeting pH-dependent steps in the virus replication cycle.

scholarly journals Application of Super-Resolution and Advanced Quantitative Microscopy to the Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Influenza Virus Replication

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Touizer ◽  
Christian Sieben ◽  
Ricardo Henriques ◽  
Mark Marsh ◽  
Romain F. Laine
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Influenza Virus Replication ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

With an estimated three to five million human cases annually and the potential to infect domestic and wild animal populations, influenza viruses are one of the greatest health and economic burdens to our society, and pose an ongoing threat of large-scale pandemics. Despite our knowledge of many important aspects of influenza virus biology, there is still much to learn about how influenza viruses replicate in infected cells, for instance, how they use entry receptors or exploit host cell trafficking pathways. These gaps in our knowledge are due, in part, to the difficulty of directly observing viruses in living cells. In recent years, advances in light microscopy, including super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule imaging, have enabled many viral replication steps to be visualised dynamically in living cells. In particular, the ability to track single virions and their components, in real time, now allows specific pathways to be interrogated, providing new insights to various aspects of the virus-host cell interaction. In this review, we discuss how state-of-the-art imaging technologies, notably quantitative live-cell and super-resolution microscopy, are providing new nanoscale and molecular insights into influenza virus replication and revealing new opportunities for developing antiviral strategies.

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