Nanomedicine to advance the treatment of bacteria-induced acute lung injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruonan Su ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jiabin Zhang ◽  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
High Mortality

Bacteria-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with a high mortality rate due to the lack of an effective treatment. Patients often rely on supportive care such as low tidal...

scholarly journals The nanocomposite fullerol reduces oxidative stress, pulmonary injury, and mortality in a rat model of acute lung injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosária Aires ◽  
Ildernandes Vieira-Alves ◽  
Leda Maria Coimbra-Campos ◽  
Marina Ladeira ◽  
Teresa Socarras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Pulmonary Damage

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical disorder that has high mortality rates, and pharmacological therapies are so far ineffective. The pathophysiology of ALI involves pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Fullerol is a carbon nanocomposite that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of fullerol and its mechanisms in a model of paraquat-induced ALI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were divided into ALI (paraquat alone), fullerol (paraquat plus fullerol), and control groups. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The myeloperoxidase assay, ELISA, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to determine neutrophils infiltration, cytokines production, and histopathological parameters in lung samples, respectively. The antioxidant effect of fullerol was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. KEY RESULTS Fullerol (0.01 to 0.3 mg/kg) markedly reduced the severe lung injury and high mortality rates observed in ALI rats. Moreover, fullerol (0.03 mg/kg) inhibited the reactive oxygen species formation and lipid peroxidation seen in lungs from ALI rats, and exhibited a potent concentration-dependent (10 to 10 mg/ml) in vitro antioxidant activity. Importantly, fullerol (0.03 mg/kg) inhibited neutrophils accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs, and the increase in pulmonary levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CINC-1 in ALI rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Fullerol treatment was effective in reducing pulmonary damage and ALI-induced mortality, highlighting its therapeutic potential in an ALI condition. Searching for new pharmacological therapies to treat ALI may be desirable especially in view of the new coronavirus disease 2019 that currently plagues the world.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological aspects of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Surbatovic ◽  
Krsta Jovanovic ◽  
Sonja Radakovic ◽  
Nikola Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Very High ◽  
Intensive Medicine

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process which occurs in severe form in 20% of all patients, out of whom 1596-25% will die. The incidence of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (APALI) varies from 15% to 55% and its severity varies from mild hypoxemia to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS are the most significant manifestations of extra abdominal dysfunctions in severe acute pancreatitis with mortality rate as high as 60% in the first week of the onset of illness. Different pathophysiological mechanisms of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury have been described. The role of enzymes, adhesion molecules, neutrophils, fibronectin and various inflammatory mediators has been emphasized. Mechanism of the acute lung injury associated with the acute pancreatitis is very complex and has not been clear yet. There is no specific therapeutic procedure and mortality rate is very high. Therefore, further studies are necessary to address this acute and growing problem in intensive medicine.

scholarly journals Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury in the surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
Onuma Chaiwat ◽  
Worawan Suwannasri ◽  
Jedsadayoot Sak-aroonchai ◽  
Sawita Kanavitoon ◽  
Annop Piriyapathsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care

Abstract Background Although the pathophysiology and treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are well established, the incidence and outcomes of ALI have not been extensively reported. Variations in healthcare systems, demographics, socioeconomics, and levels of intensive care units (ICU) may explain remarkable differences in outcomes reported. Objectives To evaluate the incidence and outcomes of ALI/ARDS at the surgical ICU (SICU) at Siriraj Hospital of Mahidol University, Bangkok. Methods We included patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the general SICU between June 1, 2010 and May 31, 2013 in this prospective, cohort observational study. All patients required ≥24 h of ventilatory support. The study outcomes were the incidence of ALI/ARDS, SICU length of stay, and mortality rate. Results Of 2523 patients admitted to the SICU, 495 (20%) required ≥24 h ventilatory support, and 15 (3%) developed ALI/ARDS. ALI/ARDS occurred on day 2 of ventilatory support. ARDS was caused by sepsis and pneumonia. The patients who developed ALI/ARDS had a higher APACHE II score (P = 0.001) and end-stage renal disease (P = 0.01). Pneumonia and acute kidney injury were more severe in patients with ALI and ARDS (40% vs 9%, P = 0.002; 33% vs 10%, P = 0.02, respectively). Ventilatory support duration, SICU lengths of stay and hospital mortality were higher in the ALI/ARDS group. Conclusions The incidence of ALI/ARDS in the SICU was low, but the mortality rate was high. A larger sample size is necessary to identify independent risk factors for ALI/ARDS.

Icariside II regulates TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to improve septic lung injury

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Icariside Ii

Sepsis is caused by the inadequate response to infection and may eventually lead to fatal organ dysfunction and a high mortality rate. Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by sepsis is an important cause of its high mortality, so effective treatment drugs are urgently needed. Icariside II (ICA II) is derived from Epimedii, a ubiquitous biological flavonoid compound. ICA II has shown multiple biological activities. ICA II alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the TLR4 / MyD88 /NF-κB pathway, however, the possible role of icaridinin II in sepsis induced acute lung injury remains unclear. Herein, we developed a sepsis-related ALI mice model induced by LPS treatment, and found Icariside II ameliorated sepsis-related acute lung injury of mice induced by LPS. Our data further confirmed that Icariside II inhibited the inflammatory response in sepsis-related ALI mice, and ameliorated oxidative stress injury. We further revealed Icariside II inhibited the apoptosis of lung cells via TLR4-NF-κB axis. Our data therefore provided a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.

Induction of the heat shock response reduces mortality rate and organ damage in a sepsis-induced acute lung injury model

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESUS VILLAR ◽  
SERGIO P. RIBEIRO ◽  
J. BRENDAN M. MULLEN ◽  
MACIEK KULISZEWSKI ◽  
MARTIN POST ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Lung Injury Model

scholarly journals Case Report: Prolonged VV-ECMO (111 Days) Support in a Patient With Severe COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Xu ◽  
Yonghao Xu ◽  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Xuesong Liu ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Vv Ecmo

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) may be a lifesaving rescue therapy for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, little is known regarding the efficacy of prolonged ECMO (duration longer than 14 days) in patients with COVID-19. In this case report, we report the successful use of prolonged VV-ECMO (111 days) in a 61-year-old man with severe COVID-19. Given the high mortality rate of severe COVID-19, this case provided evidence for use of prolonged VV-ECMO as supportive care in patients with severe COVID-19.

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