Weakened Lattice-Strain Effect in MoOx@NPC-Supported Ruthenium Dots toward High-Efficiency Hydrogen Generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Song ◽  
Haeseong Jang ◽  
Chuang Li ◽  
Min Gyu Kim ◽  
Xuqiang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Crystalline Substance ◽  
Strain Effect

Designing conductive amorphous buffer layer between crystals (or lowering the crystallinity of one component) to minimize lattice-strain influence between highly crystalline substance and nearby constitute, alleviating the lattice strain thus...

Annealing effects on phase transformation and powder microstructure of nanocrystalline zirconia polymorphs

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ramamoorthy ◽  
S. Ramasamy ◽  
D. Sundararaman
Keyword(s):  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Dopant Concentration ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Annealing Effects ◽  
Nanocrystalline Zirconia ◽  
Average Size

Nanocrystalline zirconia powders in pure form and doped with yttria and calcia were prepared by the precipitation method. In the as-prepared condition, all the doped samples show only monoclinic phase, independent of the dopants and dopant concentration. On annealing the powders at 400 °C and above, in the case of 3 and 6 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ and 6YSZ), the monoclinic phase transforms to tetragonal and cubic phases, respectively, whereas in 3 and 6 mol% CaO stabilized ZrO2 (3CSZ and 6CSZ), the volume percentage of the monoclinic phase gradually decreases up to the annealing temperature of about 1000 °C and then increases for higher annealing temperatures. The presence of monoclinic phase in the as-prepared samples of doped zirconia has been attributed to the lattice strain effect which results in the less symmetric lattice. For the annealing temperatures below 1000 °C, the phenomenon of partial stabilization of the tetragonal phase in 3CSZ and 6CSZ can be explained in terms of the grain size effect. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations reveal the lattice strain structure in the as-prepared materials. The particles are found to be a tightly bound aggregate of small crystallites with average size of 10 nm. The morphology of the particles is observed to be dependent on the dopants and dopant concentration.

Heteroepitaxy of Ge on Cube-Textured Ni(001) Foils Through CaF2 Buffer Layer

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 2947-2952
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
Z.-H. Lu ◽  
T.-M. Lu ◽  
I. Bhat ◽  
S.B. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

ABSTRACTEpitaxial Ge films are useful as a substrate for high-efficiency solar cell applications. It is possible to grow epitaxial Ge films on low cost, cube textured Ni(001) sheets using CaF2(001) as a buffer layer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicates that the CaF2(001) lattice has a 45o in-plane rotation relative to the Ni(001) lattice. The in-plane epitaxy relationships are CaF2[110]//Ni[100] and CaF2[$\bar 1$10]//Ni[010]. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) shows a sharp interface between Ge/CaF2 as well as between CaF2/Ni. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) shows that the Ge(001) film has a large grain size (∼50 μm) with small angle grain boundaries (< 8o). The epitaxial Ge thin film has the potential to be used as a substrate to grow high quality III-V and II-VI semiconductors for optoelectronic applications.

A Family of High-Efficiency Hydrogen-Generation Catalysts Based on Ammonium Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 (32) ◽  
pp. 9460-9464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilin Lu ◽  
Haijun Zhang ◽  
Shaowei Zhang ◽  
Faliang Li
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Generation

Cubic Silicon Carbide (3C–SiC) as a buffer layer for high efficiency and highly stable CdTe solar cell

2022 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 111911
Author(s):  
Jannatun Noor Sameera ◽  
Mohammad Aminul Islam ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Tasnia Hossain ◽  
M.K. Sobayel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cdte Solar Cell ◽  
Cubic Silicon Carbide

scholarly journals Nonvolatile modulation of electronic structure and correlative magnetism of L10-FePt films using significant strain induced by shape memory substrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Feng ◽  
Jiancheng Zhao ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Kui Gong ◽  
Shijie Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Pure Strain ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
Fept Film ◽  
Novel Approach

Abstract Tuning the lattice strain (εL) is a novel approach to manipulate the magnetic, electronic and transport properties of spintronic materials. Achievable εL in thin film samples induced by traditional ferroelectric or flexible substrates is usually volatile and well below 1%. Such limits in the tuning capability cannot meet the requirements for nonvolatile applications of spintronic materials. This study answers to the challenge of introducing significant amount of elastic strain in deposited thin films so that noticeable tuning of the spintronic characteristics can be realized. Based on subtle elastic strain engineering of depositing L10-FePt films on pre-stretched NiTi(Nb) shape memory alloy substrates, steerable and nonvolatile lattice strain up to 2.18% has been achieved in the L10-FePt films by thermally controlling the shape memory effect of the substrates. Introduced strains at this level significantly modify the electronic density of state, orbital overlap and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strength in the FePt film, leading to nonvolatile modulation of magnetic anisotropy and magnetization reversal characteristics. This finding not only opens an efficient avenue for the nonvolatile tuning of SOC based magnetism and spintronic effects, but also helps to clarify the physical nature of pure strain effect.

scholarly journals Interfacial Modification for High-Efficiency Vapor-Phase-Deposited Perovskite Solar Cells Based on a Metal Oxide Buffer Layer

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pérez-del-Rey ◽  
Pablo P. Boix ◽  
Michele Sessolo ◽  
Afshin Hadipour ◽  
Henk J. Bolink
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Interfacial Modification

Hydrogen Generation Using the Modular Helium Reactor

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Richards ◽  
Arkal Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Thermochemical Process ◽  
Process Heat ◽  
Splitting Water

Process heat from a high-temperature nuclear reactor can be used to drive a set of chemical reactions, with the net result of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. For example, process heat at temperatures in the range 850°C to 950°C can drive the sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical process to produce hydrogen with high efficiency. Electricity can also be used to split water, using conventional, low-temperature electrolysis (LTE). An example of a hybrid process is high-temperature electrolysis (HTE), in which process heat is used to generate steam, which is then supplied to an electrolyzer to generate hydrogen. In this paper we investigate the coupling of the Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) to the SI process and HTE. These concepts are referred to as the H2-MHR. Optimization of the MHR core design to produce higher coolant outlet temperatures is also discussed.

scholarly journals Lattice Strain Analysis of a Mn-Doped CdSe QD System Using Crystallography Techniques

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamizi ◽  
Johan ◽  
Ghazali ◽  
Wahab ◽  
Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Cdse Qds ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Mn Doped

In this work, we report on the different sizes of manganese-doped cadmium selenide quantum dots (Mn-doped CdSe QDs) synthesized for 0 to 90 min using a reverse micelle organic solvent method and surfactant having a zinc blende structure, with physical size varying from 3 to 14 nm and crystallite size from 2.46 to 5.46 nm and with a narrow size distribution. At similar reaction times, Mn-doped CdSe QDs displayed the growth of larger QDs compared with the pure CdSe QDs. Due to the implementation of lattice strain owing to the inclusion of Mn atoms in the CdSe QD lattice, the lattice parameter was compressed as the QD size increased. Strain was induced by the particle size reduction, as observed from X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis. The analyses of the strain effect on the QD reduction are discussed relative to each of the XRD characteristics.

scholarly journals A Review of the Enhancement of Bio-Hydrogen Generation by Chemicals Addition

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Sun ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Gang Yang ◽  
Guangzhi Sun ◽  
Valérie Sage
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Metal Addition

Bio-hydrogen production (BHP) produced from renewable bio-resources is an attractive route for green energy production, due to its compelling advantages of relative high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and lower ecological impact. This study reviewed different BHP pathways, and the most important enzymes involved in these pathways, to identify technological gaps and effective approaches for process intensification in industrial applications. Among the various approaches reviewed in this study, a particular focus was set on the latest methods of chemicals/metal addition for improving hydrogen generation during dark fermentation (DF) processes; the up-to-date findings of different chemicals/metal addition methods have been quantitatively evaluated and thoroughly compared in this paper. A new efficiency evaluation criterion is also proposed, allowing different BHP processes to be compared with greater simplicity and validity.

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