scholarly journals Droplet detachment and pinch-off of bidisperse particulate suspensions

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgile Thiévenaz ◽  
Sreeram Rajesh ◽  
Alban Sauret
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Particulate Suspensions ◽  
Droplet Detachment

When a droplet is generated, the ligament connecting the drop to the nozzle thins down and eventually pinches off. Adding solid particles to the liquid phase leads to a more...

scholarly journals Disperse systems temperature field finding at reception of firm crystal-amorphous structures

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Y.V. Kornienko ◽  
P.M. Magaziy ◽  
K.O. Gatilov ◽  
R.V. Sachok
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Characteristic Point ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Disperse Systems ◽  
Gas Filtration ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
Downstream Flow

The temperature field of firm crystal-amorphous structures receiption from liquid systems in the fluid bed is explored. The stable conducting terms of process are certain. Previous studies have shown that increasing the irrigation density increases the probability of formation of agglomerates, which causes a decrease in temperature; therefore, it is advisable to measure the temperature field in the environment of the dispersant and compare it with the values of temperatures at the characteristic point, according to which the regulation of the flow of liquid phase to the granulator is carried out. The objective of the experimental research was to determine the change of the temperature field in disperse systems in obtaining crystalline-amorphous solid structures in a fluidized-bed apparatus. In case of an increase in the amount of heat flow, an adequate increase in the flow of liquid phase occurs. This results in the local overturning of solid particles and, as a result, the formation of large aggregates and loss of quality of fluidization. To eliminate this disadvantage it is advisable to create conditions for uneven distribution of the coolant speed. In the downstream right and left fluxes, the coolant speed should not exceed the rate of gas filtration through the material. In the left upward flow, in which the direction of motion of the granular material is opposite to the direction of the vector of the linear velocity of the dispersed droplets of the liquid phase, it is expedient to increase the flow of the coolant in a direction that coincides with the downstream flow. To verify these provisions, it is expedient to conduct a study of the continuous process of formation of solid multilayer composites.

scholarly journals A laboratory approach to predict the water-based drill-in fluid damage on a shale formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 2579-2600
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Xinmim Wu ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Haitao Bai ◽  
Linsheng Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Shale Reservoir ◽  
Water Block

Shale gas production after drill-in, completion, and hydraulic fracturing is strongly affected by formation damage. In order to determine the damage mechanisms for nonmarine shale reservoir, a series of assessments of sensitivity damage, water block damage, water-based drill-in fluids damage, and water damage to gas diffusion on 20 shale samples obtained from Chang 7 Formation were conducted and analyzed. Results indicate that, in the Chang 7 Formation shale, there is extremely strong stress sensitivity and moderately weak water sensitivity damage. Although the liquid phase invasion depth is shallow and the water block damage is limited, the liquid phase and solid particles would enter the microfractures in the reservoir.The P-1 water-based drill-in fluid is compatible with the Chang 7 Formation shale reservoir which can meet the requirement of Chang 7 Formation shale damage controlling, the effect of water-based drill-in fluid on wellbore stability should be paid more attention. The diffusion coefficient of the shale decreases with the presence of water.A systematic damage evaluation method of working fluid considering the multi-mechanism and multi-scale mass transfer process of shale gas is needed to establish.

One Step Back, Two Steps Forward

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Step ◽  
Chemical History

In seventh grade, I picked up The Eye of the World, the first in a series of Tolkienesque novels. The author, Robert Jordan, had built a world with several creative innovations, but at heart it was the familiar story of the farm boy who grew up to be king that drew me in. It was clear to all readers that this boy would be the hero of the prophesied Last Battle, but most characters refused to see it. I was frustrated by this by book four and graduated to acceptance by book eight. (Did I mention this was a long series?) It took 14 books and a second author to reach the Last Battle. Even though the direction was clear, the plot was anything but an upward march. The chemical history of the Earth was also anything but an upward march. Once photosynthesis made oxygen and mitochondria used it, a cycle of oxygen- making and oxygen-breaking generated cheap energy for exploring and processing the planet, spreading out energy in sun-driven cycles. The direction of this story was set, toward oxygen and oxidation. But like any long story, the chemical story of Earth’s development took twists and turns, encountering obstacles and opportunities, as the Earth oxidized and grew in complexity. Of these twists, the biggest may be geological rather than biological. In this story, precipitation changed the early Earth. Not “precipitation” meaning rain, but “precipitation” in the chemical sense, as when a solid precipitates inside a test tube. Chemists work and think in the liquid phase, where the “rain” that falls is solid particles, which happen when two atoms discover that they are more stable together as solid than apart as dissolved ions. For chemists, precipitation is usually a disappointment. Some of the most elegant experiments have been ruined by the chemicals “precipitating out” into a soggy mess. In a sense, it was a disappointment when it happened on the early Earth as well, although this disappointment threatened the continued existence of life.

Effect of Rolling-Remelting SIMA Process on Semi-Solid Microstructure of ZCuSn10 Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
De Hong Lu ◽  
Han Xiao ◽  
Rong Feng Zhou ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Deformation Process ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Deformation Degree ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Sima Process ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Sharp Corners

Semi-solid billet of ZCuSn10 (Wt%: 88.25Cu, 10.48Sn) alloy is prepared by strain induced melt activated (SIMA) method which including rolling and remelting process. Firstly, ZCuSn10 alloy is casted, and rolling samples are cut from ingot casting. Secondly, the rolling samples are two pass or four pass rolled after holding 15 minutes at 450°C, then samples with 10% and 20% pre-deformation degree are obtained. The remelting samples are cut from pre-deformed samples. Lastly, the remelting samples are reheated up to 850°C or 875°C, water quenching after holding for 15 minutes. Then semi-solid microstructure of ZCuSn10 alloy is prepared. The semi-solid microstructure of ZCuSn10 alloy is observed and compared with annealed microstructure and microstructure of ZCuSn10 alloy directly remelted after casting. The results indicate that semi-solid microstructure of ZCuSn10 alloy by rolling-remelting SIMA process is uniform and fine grain, and spheroidization level of solid particle is well. The optimum semi-solid microstructure is obtained when alloy with pre-deformation 20% is remelted at 875°C for 15 minutes, the average grain diameter is about 75.80μm, shape factor is 1.62, and volume fraction of liquid phase reaches about 17.28%. Pre-deformation process plays a crucial role in grain refinement and spheroidization during SIMA process for preparing the semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy, as pre-deformation degree and remelting temperature increases, volume fraction of liquid phase increases, the solid particles in semi-solid microstructure are smaller and rounder. The main mechanism of SIMA process preparing semi-solid billet of ZCuSn10 alloy is that pre-deformation breaks dendrites and stores energy of deformation into alloy, and promotes dendrites fusing through remelting process. Meanwhile, liquid phase occupies sharp corners of solid particles by Sn element diffusing from liquid phase into α solid phase, so that fine and uniform and globular α solid particles are gained.

Herbicidal and Seed Dormancy Induction Activity of Fermentation Residual Vinasse

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Ramon G. Leon ◽  
Rocio van der Laat
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Radicle Growth

AbstractVinasse, a liquid fermentation residual of bio-ethanol production that also contains solid particles in suspension, is commonly used as a soil amendment. Previous studies reported vinasse reduced seed germination and seedling establishment, suggesting herbicidal activity. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine whether vinasse herbicidal activity is present in the liquid or solid phase, and whether it affects plants during seed early germination (i.e., imbibition), late germination (i.e., embryo growth and radicle protrusion), or seedling growth. Most of the herbicidal activity was associated with the liquid phase, and for most species, seed viability was predominantly affected after the imbibition phase. Susceptibility to vinasse was species dependent. Lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.) germination was <8% when seeds were imbibed and germinated in vinasse solutions or imbibed in water and germinated in vinasse. Conversely, imbibing lettuce seeds in vinasse solutions and germinating them in water did not change their germination in comparison with seeds imbibed and germinated in water (>80% germination). Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia(L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby] germination decreased 10% and 35% when seeds were imbibed and germinated in vinasse, respectively, while Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Watson) and southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris(Retz.) Koeler] germination decreased >90%. All evaluated species reduced radicle growth as vinasse concentration increased. Filtered liquid vinasse with reduced concentration of salt and ionic compounds inhibited radicle growth similarly to unfiltered vinasse, indicating that the herbicidal activity was not due to osmotic effects and was likely present in the organic liquid phase.Amaranthus palmeri,S. obtusifolia, andD. ciliarisincreased the proportion of dormant seed more than 2-fold when they were imbibed or imbibed and germinated in vinasse solutions. Vinasse might be useful for weed management to reduce germinable weed seedbanks by increasing seedling mortality and seed dormancy either by properly timing of its application as a soil amendment or by purifying herbicidal compounds and using them directly for weed control.

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Solid Particles on Liquid Holdup in Stratified Wavy Gas-Liquid Flow in Natural Gas Pipelines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Jafari ◽  
Zohreh Mansoori ◽  
Majid Saffar Avval ◽  
Goodarz Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Liquid Holdup ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Gas Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flows

The effect of presence of solid particles on stratified wavy gas-liquid flows has been studied. The height of liquid phase in the natural gas pipeline is a key parameter in designing and can affect the corrosion/erosion rate. In present paper, the numerical four-way simulation of solid particles in gas-liquid wavy stratified flow has been used. The computational model is shown to be able to evaluate the effect of the particles on liquid holdup which is critical for gas pipeline design. The particles cause the liquid phase height in horizontal pipe decreases by increasing the solid phase concentration.

The Microstructure Evolvement and Simulation Analysis during Semi-Solid Processing of Aluminum Alloy

2008 ◽  
Vol 141-143 ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Tao Yang ◽  
Jian Fu Wang ◽  
Heng Hua Zhang ◽  
Guang Jie Shao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Die Castings

To enhance the comprehension on the internal rule of microstructure evolvement and quality-controlled relativity, the microstructure during the induction reheating of billets and die casting of parts was systematically investigated. According to general structure observation and aided analysis of some computer simulations, the quantitative relationships between microscopic morphology (including solid fraction and grain shape) and formation state was minutely discussed. The experimental results showed that liquid and solid phase in semi-solid slurry had different filling tendency, fluid velocity of liquid phase in the area of high filling speed was relative quick and easy to flow into far area and corner. Solid particles far from gate possessed fine and round grain. Moreover, the structure configuration of original billets markedly affected forming process; billets with fine and round grain were required for the die-castings of complex shape and thin thickness. In the case of the big change in shape and thickness of die-castings, the design of gating system and the control of plunger speed should be so properly carried out as to avoid unequal distribution of solid and liquid phase in die-casting part as soon as possible.

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