scholarly journals Halogen bonding in polymer science: towards new smart materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Kampes ◽  
Stefan Zechel ◽  
Martin D. Hager ◽  
Ulrich S. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Current Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Polymer Architectures

The incorporation of halogen bonding into polymer architectures is a new approach for the design of functional materials. This perspective emphasizes the current development in the field of halogen bonding featuring polymer materials.

Factors Affecting Molecular Self-Assembly and Its Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hueyling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Wide Range

Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature and has emerged as a new approach to produce new materials in chemistry, engineering, nanotechnology, polymer science and materials. Molecular self-assembly has been attracting increasing interest from the scientific community in recent years due to its importance in understanding biology and a variety of diseases at the molecular level. In the last few years, considerable advances have been made in the use ofpeptides as building blocks to produce biological materials for wide range of applications, including fabricating novel supra-molecular structures and scaffolding for tissue repair. The study ofbiological self-assembly systems represents a significant advancement in molecular engineering and is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field that crosses the boundaries ofexisting disciplines. Many self-assembling systems are rangefrom bi- andtri-block copolymers to DNA structures as well as simple and complex proteins andpeptides. The ultimate goal is to harness molecular self-assembly such that design andcontrol ofbottom-up processes is achieved thereby enabling exploitation of structures developed at the meso- and macro-scopic scale for the purposes oflife and non-life science applications. Such aspirations can be achievedthrough understanding thefundamental principles behind the selforganisation and self-synthesis processes exhibited by biological systems.

A glance on rare earth oxides: importance, reserves, demand, applications, critical uncertainties, global economy, and zeta potential characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Santos ◽  
Orlando Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Oxides ◽  
Interparticle Forces

Background: Innovation mission in materials science requires new approaches to form functional materials, wherein the concept of its formation begins in nano/micro scale. Rare earth oxides with general form (RE2O3; RE from La to Lu, including Sc and Y) exhibit particular proprieties, being used in a vast field of applications with high technological content since agriculture to astronomy. Despite of their applicability, there is a lack of studies on surface chemistry of rare earth oxides. Zeta potential determination provides key parameters to form smart materials by controlling interparticle forces, as well as their evolution during processing. This paper reports a study on zeta potential with emphasis for rare earth oxide nanoparticles. A brief overview on rare earths, as well as zeta potential, including sample preparation, measurement parameters, and the most common mistakes during this evaluation are reported. Methods: A brief overview on rare earths, including zeta potential, and interparticle forces are presented. A practical study on zeta potential of rare earth oxides - RE2O3 (RE as Y, Dy, Tm, Eu, and Ce) in aqueous media is reported. Moreover, sample preparation, measurement parameters, and common mistakes during this evaluation are discussed. Results: Potential zeta values depend on particle characteristics such as size, shape, density, and surface area. Besides, preparation of samples which involves electrolyte concentration and time for homogenization of suspensions are extremely valuable to get suitable results. Conclusion: Zeta potential evaluation provides key parameters to produce smart materials seeing that interparticle forces can be controlled. Even though zeta potential characterization is mature, investigations on rare earth oxides are very scarce. Therefore, this innovative paper is a valuable contribution on this field.

scholarly journals Strain- and field-induced anisotropy in hybrid elastomers with elongated filler nanoparticles

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Seifert ◽  
Damian Günzing ◽  
Samira Webers ◽  
Martin Dulle ◽  
Margarita Kruteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Induced Anisotropy

The implementation of anisotropy to functional materials is a key step towards future smart materials. In this work, we evaluate the influence of preorientation and sample architecture on the strain-induced...

Laser direct writing of nanocompounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ostendorf ◽  
M’Barek Chakif ◽  
Qingchuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Photosensitive Polymer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials ◽  
Huge Variety

ABSTRACTLaser direct polymerization has been proven as a powerful tool to generate microstructures. Often photosensitive polymer materials are used because they can be tuned by photoactive molecules to be susceptible to a specific wavelength of light to initiate the polymerization process. One of the main drawbacks of this technique is the lack of functional polymers, e.g. conductive, magnetic, mechanical, optical or bioactive materials. Nanocomposites (nanocompounds), i.e. polymers with inorganic nanomaterials incorporated in the matrix offer a huge variety of new functionalities. A new approach will be presented how functional nanocomposite polymers can be generated and used for laser direct writing techniques. This can open the door for completely new MEMS and MOEMS devices comprising active and passive subcomponents.

Vibration Reduction of Flexible Structures Using Extended Input Shaper and Smart Materials

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Song ◽  
B. Kotejoshyer ◽  
J. Fei
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Vibration Suppression ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Flexible Beam ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Active Vibration Suppression ◽  
Command Input ◽  
Active Vibration ◽  
Smart Actuator

Abstract This paper presents a new approach of integrating the method of command input shaping and the technique of active vibration suppression for vibration reduction of flexible structures during slew operations. The control object is a flexible composite beam driven by a high torque DC motor with the presence of nonlinearities such as backlash and stick-slip type of friction. Two piezoelectric patches are bonded on the surface of the flexible beam near its cantilevered end and are used as the smart actuator and the smart sensor respectively. In this new approach, the method of command input shaping is used to modify the existing command so that less vibration will be caused by the command itself. To overcome the nonlinearities associated with the DC motor, an extended shaper is designed. The technique of active vibration suppression using smart materials is used to actively control the vibration during and after the slew. With this pair of smart actuator and smart sensor, a strain rate feedback (SRF) controller is designed for active vibration suppression. With the extended Zero Vibration Derivative (ZVD) shaper and the SRF controller, the proposed new approach can effectively reduce the vibration of the flexible beam during slew operations.

scholarly journals Recent Applications of Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy in Polymer Science: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen-Tri ◽  
Payman Ghassemi ◽  
Pascal Carriere ◽  
Sonil Nanda ◽  
Aymen Amine Assadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nanoscale Characterization

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used for the nanoscale characterization of polymeric materials. The coupling of AFM with infrared spectroscope (AFM-IR) provides another advantage to the chemical analyses and thus helps to shed light upon the study of polymers. This paper reviews some recent progress in the application of AFM and AFM-IR in polymer science. We describe the principle of AFM-IR and the recent improvements to enhance its resolution. We also discuss the latest progress in the use of AFM-IR as a super-resolution correlated scanned-probe infrared spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of polymer materials dealing with polymer composites, polymer blends, multilayers, and biopolymers. To highlight the advantages of AFM-IR, we report several results in studying the crystallization of both miscible and immiscible blends as well as polymer aging. Finally, we demonstrate how this novel technique can be used to determine phase separation, spherulitic structure, and crystallization mechanisms at nanoscales, which has never been achieved before. The review also discusses future trends in the use of AFM-IR in polymer materials, especially in polymer thin film investigation.

scholarly journals Functional Materials Produced On An Industrial Scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Justyna Barska ◽  
Sylwester Kłysz
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basic Characteristics

AbstractThe article presents a wide range of applications of functional materials and a scale of their current industrial production. These are the materials which have specific characteristics, thanks to which they became virtually indispensable in certain constructional solutions. Their basic characteristics, properties, methods of production and use as smart materials were described.

Vascularized Multi-Functional Materials and Structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Bejan ◽  
Sylvie Lorente
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Constructal Theory ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Embedded Grids ◽  
Volumetric Cooling ◽  
Parallel Microchannels ◽  
The Right

Here we draw attention to the development of smart materials with embedded vasculatures that provide multiple functionality: volumetric cooling, self-healing, mechanical strength, etc. Vascularization is achieved by using tree-shaped (dendritic) and grid-shaped flow architectures. As length scales become smaller, dendritic vascularization provides dramatically superior volumetric bathing and transport properties than the use of bundles of parallel microchannels. Embedded grids of channels provide substantially better volumetric bathing when the channels have multiple diameters that are selected optimally and put in the right places. Two novel dendritic architectures are proposed: trees matched canopy to canopy, and trees that alternate with upside down trees. Both have optimized length scales and layouts. Flow architectures are derived from principle, in accordance with constructal theory, not by mimicking nature.

The Effects of Additive Manufacturing and Electric Poling Techniques on PVdF Thin Films: Towards 3D Printed Functional Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Fan ◽  
David Gonzalez ◽  
Jose Garcia ◽  
Brittany Newell ◽  
Robert A. Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Constant ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Mechanical flexibility, faster processing, lower fabrication cost and biocompatibility enable poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) to have a wide range of applications. This work investigated the use of a piezoelectric polymeric material, PVdF, in combination with 3D printing, to explore new strategies for the fabrication of smart materials with embedded functions, namely sensing. The motivation behind this research was to design and fabricate PVdF thin films that will be used to build pressure sensors with applications in active intelligent structures. In this work, 3D printed PVdF thin films with thickness values in the range of 250 to 350 μm were poled under high direct current electrical fields, which were varied from 0.4 to 12 MV/m and temperatures from 80 to 140 °C. Copper electrodes were applied, forming a standard capacitor layered structure, to facilitate poling and to collect piezoelectric output voltage. The poling process enabled the piezoelectric crystalline phase transition of printed PVdF films to transfer from the non-active a α-phase to the piezoelectric active β-phase and rearranged the dipole alignments of the β-phase. The efficiency of poling was evaluated through the piezoelectric constant calculated from measured calibration curves. These calibration curves demonstrated the PVdF sensing device have a positive linear correlation between mechanical input and voltage output. We found that a peak value in piezoelectric constant correlated with poling voltages and temperatures. The highest piezoelectric constant achieved through contact poling was 32.29 pC/N poled at 750 V and 120 °C, and temperature was deemed the most important factors to influence piezoelectric constant. We believe that the present work demonstrates a path towards fully 3D printed smart, functional materials.

Radiotechnical Signal Processing Techniques for Polymer Materials Structure Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Klimentievitch Kachanov ◽  
Igor Vacheslavovitch Sokolov ◽  
Serguei Vladimirovitch Lebedev ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovitch Pervushin
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Structure Assessment ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Signal Processing Techniques ◽  
Structure Inhomogeneity

Paper describes new approach to material structure analysis by means of ultrasound probing. Short-time Fourier transform and time-frequency analysis used to determine structure inhomogeneity present and perform structure condition assessment. Experimental results show possibilities of polymer materials structure assessment.

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