Enzymatic electrochemical continuous flow cascade synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Shi ◽  
Shu-Zhan Wang ◽  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Yilin Wang ◽  
Chengkou Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Cascade Method

An industrially practical method for the synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles was developed from an enzymatic electrochemical cascade method.

Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural, Furfural from Monosaccharides: A Simple, Fast, and Practical Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 10827-10833
Author(s):  
Phat Duc Ly ◽  
Ha Bich Phan ◽  
Yen‐Nhi Thi Le ◽  
Phuong Hoang Tran
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Flow Synthesis

Maintenance of the Biological Efficacy in Chicks of a Cecal Competitive-Exclusion Culture against Salmonella by Continuous-Flow Fermentation

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1279-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. NISBET ◽  
DONALD E. CORRIER ◽  
STEVEN C. RICKE ◽  
M. E. HUME ◽  
J. ALLEN BYRD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

A competitive-exclusion culture was isolated by the continuous-flow culture of chicken cecal bacteria. The original continuous-flow culture and a continuous-flow culture derived from a lyophilized sample of it that had been stored for 180 days at −70°C were provided to day-old chicks. Experiments utilizing the original culture were performed after 5, 30, 100, and 365 days of continuous-flow conditions and the lyophilized culture after 5 days of continuous-flow culture. In all experiments chicks were challenged with 104 CFU of Salmonella typhimurium at 3 days of age. At 10 days of age the chicks were killed and cecal contents analyzed for fermentation parameters and for S. typhumurium colonization. Ten-day-old chicks provided with the original or the lyophilized culture had significantly increased cecal propionic acid (P < 0.05) and decreased Salmonella cecal colonization (P < 0.05) compared to untreated controls in all experiments. The results indicate that continuous-flow cultures can be used as a practical method to maintain competetive-exclusion cultures without loss of efficacy, and continuous-flow cultures stored in a lyophilized form can be reconstituted and still maintain efficacy.

The role of differential phase contrast in electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
First Moment

Dekkers and de Lang (1977) have discussed a practical method of realising differential phase contrast in a STEM. The method involves taking the difference signal from two semi-circular detectors placed symmetrically about the optic axis and subtending the same angle (2α) at the specimen as that of the cone of illumination. Such a system, or an obvious generalisation of it, namely a quadrant detector, has the characteristic of responding to the gradient of the phase of the specimen transmittance. In this paper we shall compare the performance of this type of system with that of a first moment detector (Waddell et al.1977).For a first moment detector the response function R(k) is of the form R(k) = ck where c is a constant, k is a position vector in the detector plane and the vector nature of R(k)indicates that two signals are produced. This type of system would produce an image signal given bywhere the specimen transmittance is given by a (r) exp (iϕ (r), r is a position vector in object space, ro the position of the probe, ⊛ represents a convolution integral and it has been assumed that we have a coherent probe, with a complex disturbance of the form b(r-ro) exp (iζ (r-ro)). Thus the image signal for a pure phase object imaged in a STEM using a first moment detector is b2 ⊛ ▽ø. Note that this puts no restrictions on the magnitude of the variation of the phase function, but does assume an infinite detector.

Catalyst- and oxidant-free electrochemical para-selective hydroxylation of N-arylamides in batch and continuous-flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 6437-6443
Author(s):  
Cheng-Kou Liu ◽  
Meng-Yi Chen ◽  
Xin-Xin Lin ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Selective Hydroxylation

A catalyst-, oxidant-, acidic solvent- and quaternary ammonium salt-free electrochemical para-selective hydroxylation of N-arylamides at rt in batch and continuous-flow was developed.

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