Effects of zinc–aluminium injection on corrosion behaviour and semiconductor properties of carbon steel in the PHT system of PHWR

Worker safety is one of the main aspects to be taken into account in any activity carried out at work. When we talk about the safety of the worker at activities carried out at height, the condition and characteristics of the personal protective equipment against falling from a height are one of the main causes of work accidents resulting in serious injuries or death. Carabiners are the main components of the safety system; their role is to connect the other components of the system or to make the connection between the system and the anchor point. Therefore, to be used safely, the carabiners’ material must have high corrosion resistance in different environments. This paper is part of a complex study that aims to improve the corrosion properties of carbon steel used in the manufacture of carabiners. Previous studies have shown that the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in various corrosive environments has been improved by the deposition of different types of phosphate layers, as well as other subsequently deposited layers. The aim of this paper is to study the galvanic corrosion evaluation between different galvanic couples (duralumin-coated samples, aluminium bronze-coated samples, and carbon steel-coated samples) tested in three different corrosive media. Moreover, the study approaches for the first time the galvanic corrosion of systems that can be formed between the materials used in the manufacture of carabiners. Accordingly, it was observed that, overall, the samples coated with a Zn phosphate layer exhibited the best performance in all the corrosive environments (saltwater and fire extinguishing solution).

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Corrosion Behaviour of Titanium Alloy and Carbon Steel in a High-Temperature, Single and Mixed-Phase, Simulated Geothermal Environment Containing H2S, CO2 and HCl

Corrosion and Materials Degradation ◽

10.3390/cmd2020011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 190-209

Author(s):

Andri Isak Thorhallsson ◽

Sigrun Nanna Karlsdottir

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Titanium Alloy ◽

High Temperature ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Corrosion Behaviour ◽

Corrosion Layer ◽

Good Corrosion Resistance ◽

Chloride Corrosion ◽

Gauge Pressure

The corrosion behaviour of a new titanium-based alloy, with nickel, molybdenum and zirconium as the main alloying elements, was studied in a simulated geothermal environment at various phase conditions of a corrosive fluid. Corrosion testing of carbon steel was also conducted for comparison. Both materials were tested at an elevated temperature between 180 and 350 °C and at a 10 bar gauge pressure in H2O containing HCl, H2S, and CO2 gases with an acidic condensate of pH = 3. The study found that the titanium alloy demonstrated good corrosion resistance in a single- and multiphase geothermal environment. In the testing volume, where the boiling of testing fluid occurred, the carbon steel was prone to localized damage of oxide, sulphide and chloride corrosion products. In the superheated testing volume, a homogeneous oxide corrosion layer was observed on the carbon steel. In the testing volume where condensation of the testing fluid occurred, a sulphide layer with an oxide sublayer was formed on the carbon steel.

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Phosphate Surface Treatment for Improving the Corrosion Resistance of the C45 Carbon Steel Used in Carabiners Manufacturing

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13153410 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 3410

Author(s):

Diana-Petronela Burduhos-Nergis ◽

Petrica Vizureanu ◽

Andrei Victor Sandu ◽

Costica Bejinariu

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Corrosion Behaviour ◽

Phosphate Solution ◽

Fire Extinguishing ◽

Mechanical Shocks ◽

Carbon Steel Surface ◽

Insoluble Phosphate ◽

The Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Corrosive Environments

This study approaches the issues which appear during carabiner use and analyses the possibility to eliminate them. Therefore, to improve the corrosion resistance of carbon steel, used in carabiners manufacturing, three different insoluble phosphate layers were deposited on the samples’ surface. The layers were obtained by immersion in zinc-based phosphate solution, zinc/iron-based phosphate solution and manganese-based phosphate solution, Afterwards, to protect against mechanical shocks, a layer of elastomer-based paint was deposited. Furthermore, to reduce rope wear by decreasing the value of the coefficient of friction, the samples were impregnated in molybdenum disulfide-based lubricant. This study aims to analyse the corrosion behaviour of the layers deposited on the carbon steel surface in three of the most common corrosive environments (rainwater, seawater and fire extinguishing solution) by linear and cyclic polarisation. The overall results show that all types of deposited layers increase the corrosion resistance of C45 steel. The experimental results revealed that the samples coated with a phosphate layer obtained by immersion in the zinc-based phosphate solution possess the highest corrosion resistance among the phosphate samples.

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Compare between Two Type of Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitors by Studying Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steel

International Journal of Research in Chemical Metallurgical and Civil Engineering ◽

10.15242/ijrcmce.d0914001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Corrosion Inhibitors

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Role of Aluminium on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of Magnesium Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Method

International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.15282/ijame.17.3.2020.14.0618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 8206-8213

Author(s):

J. Alias

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Powder Metallurgy ◽

Corrosion Behaviour ◽

Corrosion Current ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

High Reactivity ◽

Aluminium Content ◽

Powder Metallurgy Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Promising Development

Much research on magnesium (Mg) emphasises creating good corrosion resistance of magnesium, due to its high reactivity in most environments. In this study, powder metallurgy (PM) technique is used to produce Mg samples with a variation of aluminium (Al) composition. The effect of aluminium composition on the microstructure development, including the phase analysis was characterised by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical property of Mg sample was performed through Vickers microhardness. The results showed that the addition of aluminium in the synthesised Mg sample formed distribution of Al-rich phases of Mg17Al12, with 50 wt.% of aluminium content in the Mg sample exhibited larger fraction and distribution of Al-rich phases as compared to the 20 wt.% and 10 wt.% of aluminium content. The microhardness values were also increased at 20 wt.% and 50 wt.% of aluminium content, comparable to the standard microhardness value of the annealed Mg. A similar trend in corrosion resistance of the Mg immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was observed. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated based on potentiodynamic polarisation behaviour. The corrosion current density, icorr, is observed to decrease with the increase of Al composition in the Mg sample, corresponding to the increase in corrosion resistance due to the formation of aluminium oxide layer on the Al-rich surface that acted as the corrosion barrier. Overall, the inclusion of aluminium in this study demonstrates the promising development of high corrosion resistant Mg alloys.

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B&W IRON

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.fe0035 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Magnetic Permeability ◽

Electric Motor ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Magnetic Characteristics ◽

Low Carbon ◽

High Magnetic Permeability

Abstract B and W IRON is a thoroughly killed, low carbon steel having a combination of ductility, toughness and high magnetic permeability. It is recommended for applications where good magnetic characteristics are of primary significance, such as in the manufacture of electric motor and generator housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Fe-35. Producer or source: Babcock & Wilcox Company.

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SAE 1020

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.cs0113 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Steel Mills ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cold Worked

Abstract SAE 1020 is a low-carbon steel combining good machinability, workability and weldability. It is carburized for use in case-hardened components and it is used for a wide range of applications in the hot-worked, cold-worked, normalized or quenched-and-tempered conditions. Its many uses include bolts, rods, plate applications, machinery components, case-hardened parts, spinning tools and trimming dies. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-113. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

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AISI 1025

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.cs0047 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Heat Treating ◽

General Purpose ◽

Medium Carbon Steel ◽

Medium Carbon ◽

Steel Mills ◽

Cold Worked

Abstract AISI 1025 is a low-to-medium-carbon steel used in the hot-worked, cold-worked, normalized or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for general-purpose construction and engineering. It is also used for case-hardened components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-47. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

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VALLOUREC VM 85 13Cr

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.cs0198 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Yield Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Alloy Carbon ◽

Sour Service ◽

Minimum Yield

Abstract Vallourec VM 85 13Cr (minimum yield strength 85 ksi, or 586 MPa) is a low alloy carbon steel for use in oil country tubular goods as a material suitable for sour service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming. Filing Code: CS-198. Producer or source: Vallourec USA Corporation.

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