scholarly journals Direct microfluidic antibiotic resistance testing in urine with smartphone capture: significant variation in sample matrix interference between individual human urine samples

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (60) ◽  
pp. 38258-38263
Author(s):  
Sarah Helen Needs ◽  
Sultan İlayda Dönmez ◽  
Alexander Daniel Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Matrix Interference ◽  
Sample Matrix ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Individual Human

Direct antibiotic susceptibility tests for urinary tract infections should be assessed using a wide range of individual urine samples to identify matrix interference.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of community-acquired uropathogens in Tehran, Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Kashef ◽  
Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid ◽  
Sahba Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. Knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in specific geographical locations is an important factor for choosing an appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this study was to provide information regarding local resistance patterns of urinary pathogens to the commonly used antibiotics in Tehran, Iran. Methodology: Urine samples collected and submitted to two pathobiology laboratories in Tehran were identified by conventional methods over a period of three years (December 2006 to May 2009). Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed by the standard disk diffusion technique in accordance with the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Of the total 13,333 mid-stream urine samples collected from suspected cases of urinary tract infection, 840 (6.3%) were positive for pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common isolate (68.8%) followed by Proteus spp. (12.4%), and Klebsiella spp. (9.6%). E. coli isolates were mostly susceptible to nitrofurantoin (71.3%), followed by ciprofloxacin (68.1%); however, only 38.2% of E. coli isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: Nitrofurantoin may be considered as a first-line empiric antibacterial agent for urinary tract infections in outpatients in Tehran, Iran.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urine Isolated Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized Patients in Ahvaz Golestan Hospital in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Ladan Fatahi ◽  
Mohammad Soleymani Zar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in the community and hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and their antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients. Subjects and Methods In the this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the results of about 5,000 urine samples sent for culture from the hospitalized patients of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz in 2019 were examined. Relevant information was extracted from patients’ medical records. Results Out of 5000 samples studied (39.7% female and 60.3% male), about 468 samples (9.36%) showed positive urine culture. Of the patients with UTI, 205 patients were women (43.8%). The risk of UTI increased with age. The most common bacteria caused urinary tract infections were E. coli with 51.5%, followed by Klebsiella with 29.3%. It was also observed that bacteria isolated from urine samples of people with UTI had antibiotic resistance, and for each bacteria special groups of antibiotics were more effective. Conclusion The prevalence of UTI in the studied patients was 9.36%. In females and with increasing age, the prevalence of UTI was higher. The most common bacteria that caused UTI were E. coli and then Klebsiella. Due to the fact that the resistance and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotic used, it is recommended that the most common bacterial agents of UTI must be diagnosed and then the most appropriate antibiotic must be prescribed

scholarly journals An alternative for urine cultures: Direct identification of uropathogens from urine by MALDI-TOF MS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzu Akşit İlki ◽  
Sevim Özsoy ◽  
Gulşen Gelmez ◽  
Burak Aksu ◽  
Güner Söyletir
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Tof Ms

AbstractUrinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections and rapid diagnosis of the infection is essential for appropriate antibiotic therapy. The goal of our study was to identify urinary pathogens directly by MALDI-TOF MS and to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests in order to shorten the period spent for culturing.Urine samples submitted for culture to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory were enrolled in this study. Urine samples were screened for leukocyte and bacteria amount by flow cytometry. Samples with bacterial load of 106–107/mL were tested directly by MALDI-TOF MS and antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) were performed.In total, 538 positive urine samples were evaluated in our study. MALDI-TOF MS identified the microorganism directly from the urine sample in 91.8% of these samples and the concordance rate of conventional identification and direct detection was 95.8% for Gram-negatives at the genus and species level. Escherichia coli (n:401) was the most frequently isolated microorganism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n:57). AST results were generated for 111 of these urine samples and the concordance was 90% and 87% for E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively.Our results showed that screening of urine samples with flow cytometry to detect positive samples and identification of uropathogens directly by MALDI-TOF MS with an accuracy of over 90% can be a suitable method particularly for Gram-negative bacteria in clinical microbiology laboratories.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of marbofloxacin in dogs and cats diagnosed with lower urinary tract disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6269-2019
Author(s):  
BANU DOKUZEYLÜL ◽  
BARAN ÇELIK ◽  
BELGI DIREN SIĞIRCI ◽  
BEREN BAŞARAN KAHRAMAN ◽  
SINEM ÜLGEN SAKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Tract Disorders ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary

Marbofloxacin is one of the fluoroquinolones developed exclusively for veterinary medicine. The primary aim of the present study is to identify and assess evidence for marbofloxacin’s clinical efficacy in the treatment of urinary tract infections in small animal practice. The study included 118 dogs and 123 cats that were referred to the Internal Medicine Department with lower urinary tract symptoms. We excluded animals that had received antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory therapy in the previous 15 days. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical findings, urinalysis, and imaging. Rectal temperature, appetite, urinary signs, and abdominal pain were monitored during two visits (day 0 and 14). The timetable depended on the diagnosis of the following: two urinalyses, two bacterial examinations, and antibacterial susceptibility testing were performed for each case. Bacterial UTI were confirmed in 36 dogs and 28 cats. Urine samples were collected on day 0, which demonstrated the presence of various bacteria, with a marked predominance of P. mirabilis and coagulase-positive Staphylococci in canine and feline urine samples, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test results revealed 25 (65.7%) of dog isolates and 24 (85.7%) of cat isolates were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Treatment of UTIs is generally challenging for the small animal practitioner. Because of the need for long-term antimicrobials, bacterial culture and susceptibility tests are especially important for successful treatment. Marbofloxacin can be part of an effective treatment of UTIs in dogs and cats.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Sensitivity among Isolates of Esherichia coli from Urine Samples in Denizli, Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Selma Kirac ◽  
Dilek Keskin ◽  
F. Banu Karahasanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: The research was carried out with isolate and determines the antimicrobial sensitivity in E. coli from urinary tract infections in special hospital in Denizli and recorded at specimens. Methods: Urine samples (n=21) were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of Urinary tract infections. Bacteria were isolated and identified by conventional biochemical profile. Antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli against different antibiotic was determined by Kirby-Baur method. Results: The results revealed that sensitivity rate of antimicrobial agents were in the range of meropenem (100%), norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin (86%), cefotaxime (80%), aztreonam (76%). None of the samples showed no resistance to amikacin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and meropenem. Out of 21 isolates, 3(14%) isolates showed Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ten to thirteen antibiotics. Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the urinary tract infections in human are caused by E.coli exhibited highest resistance to meropenem (100%), followed by norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin  (86%).

scholarly journals Bacterial Profile of Urinary Tract Infections: Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2577-2584
Author(s):  
Tariq Ahmad Shah ◽  
P. Preethishree ◽  
Ashwini ◽  
Vidya Pai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common complaints in the outpatient clinic and a major health problem owing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the causative bacterial agent of UTI and detect in vitro biofilm formation by Escherichia coli and investigate its correlation with antibiotic resistance. Urine samples from 519 patients with suspected UTIs were collected and processed by conventional microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for E. coli isolates was performed on Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) plates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Biofilm production was evaluated using the tissue culture plate method. Of 519 urine samples, 115 (22.1%) showed significant bacteriuria. The most common isolate was E. coli (n=57, 49.6%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (n=23, 20%). All E. coli isolates were evaluated for their ability to form biofilms in vitro. Of 57 isolates, 50 (87.7%) were biofilm producers and 7 (12.3%) were non-biofilm producers. Antibiogram of E. coli isolates revealed the highest resistance to ampicillin (96.5%) and nitrofurantoin (91.2%), followed by amoxyclav (82.5%), ceftazidime (73.7%), cefepime (71.9%), and tetracycline (71.9%). A significant association (p<0.05) was observed between biofilm formation and resistance to amoxyclav, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. A significant correlation was noted between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance. Hence, screening of all isolates of uropathogenic E. coli for biofilm production and studying their antibiogram would allow appropriate choice of antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the Urine Samples of Iranian Dogs: Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Yousefi ◽  
Saam Torkan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in dogs. The present research was done to study the prevalence rate and antimicrobial resistance properties of UPEC strains isolated from healthy dogs and those which suffered from UTIs. Four-hundred and fifty urine samples were collected and cultured. E. coli-positive strains were subjected to disk diffusion and PCR methods. Two-hundred out of 450 urine samples (44.4%) were positive for E. coli. Prevalence of E. coli in healthy and infected dogs was 28% and 65%, respectively. Female had the higher prevalence of E. coli (P=0.039). Marked seasonality was also observed (P=0.024). UPEC strains had the highest levels of resistance against gentamicin (95%), ampicillin (85%), amikacin (70%), amoxicillin (65%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (65%). We found that 21.50% of UPEC strains had simultaneously resistance against more than 10 antibiotics. Aac(3)-IV (77%), CITM (52.5%), tetA (46.5%), and sul1 (40%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Findings showed considerable levels of antimicrobial resistance among UPEC strains of Iranian dogs. Rapid identification of infected dogs and their treatment based on the results of disk diffusion can control the risk of UPEC strains.

scholarly journals Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Children at Kathmandu Model Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basudha Shrestha ◽  
Rajesh Lal Gurubacharya ◽  
Basanta Maharjan ◽  
Sanjit Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased globally. Updated knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in the health institutes is important for the selection of an appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the multi drug resistant urinary isolates in the children from 1 to15 years and evaluate the options for empiric antibiotic therapy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from December 2011 to May 2012 in the Bacteriology laboratory, Kathmandu Model Hospital. Urine samples received in the laboratory were processed for routine, culture and its sensitivity. The antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was determined following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommended Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method. Results: Of the total 372 urine samples received in the laboratory, 60 (16.13%) showed significant growth; of which 55.0 % (33/60) were MDR isolates. Escherichia coli were the predominant isolate from urine sample. Out of 49 Escherichia coli isolates, 27 (45.0%) were Multi drug resistant. Enterococcus faecalis (N=3) was the most predominant Gram positive isolate and 66.67 % (2/3) of this organism were multi drug resistant. Among the first line drugs used against gram negative isolates, nitrofurantoin was the most effective drug followed by quinolones, while among the second line drugs; meropenem was the most effective drug followed by chloramphenicol and amikacin, whereas; nitrofurantoin (100%) was the most effective drug for Gram positive isolates followed by norfloxacin and cefotaxime. Conclusion: High percentages of multi drug resistant uropathogens were revealed in children. Nitrofurantoin was found to be the most effective drug for gram positive, gram negative and multi drug resistant isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6771 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 233-238

scholarly journals Urine cytological examination: an appropriate method that can be used to detect a wide range of urinary abnormalities

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1878
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Edwar Siddig ◽  
Nouh S. Mohamed ◽  
Eman Taha Ali ◽  
Mona A. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed S. Muneer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Urine Cytology ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urine cytology is a method that can be used for the primary detection of urothelial carcinoma, as well as other diseases related to the urinary system, including hematuria and infectious agents. In this study we aimed at investigating urine abnormalities among Sudanese patients attending Omdurman teaching hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to October 2017. A voided urine samples were collected and stained using Papanicolaou stain. Results: A total of 1238 urine samples were meticulously examined, 832 (67.2%) from males (mean age 41.7±12.67), and 406 (32.8%) from females (mean age 43.8±10.94). 147 (11.9%) patients had an underlying medical condition, either AIDs, diabetes mellitus type 2 or historical renal transplantation. Hematuria was more frequent amongst males than females, 100 (68.9%) and 45 (31.1%), respectively. Urine cytology diagnosis was 43 cases (3.5%) of candidiasis, 36 cases (2.9%) of reactive urothelial cells, 11 cases (0.9%) of cryptococcosis, 9 cases (0.7%)  of urothelial carcinoma, 9 (0.7%) human papilloma virus (HPV) diagnoses, 8 (0.6%) polyomavirus (BKV) diagnoses, 6 (0.5%) schistosomiasis diagnoses and 3 cases  (0.2%) of low grade urothelial cells. Conclusion: Urine cytology seems to be a non-invasive technique that is suitable for all patients with urinary tract infections; those with diabetes, renal transplants, and HIV; and patients with macroscopic or microscopic hematuria for the detection of infectious agents and malignancy.

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