scholarly journals The green synthesis of a palm empty fruit bunch-derived sulfonated carbon acid catalyst and its performance for cassava peel starch hydrolysis

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 6449-6455
Author(s):  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata ◽  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Meilana Dharma Putra ◽  
Cheng-Kang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Carbon Acid ◽  
Cassava Peel

A sulfonated carbon acid catalyst (C–SO3H) was successfully generated from palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) carbon via hydrothermal sulfonation via the addition of hydroxyethylsulfonic acid and citric acid.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal sulfonation of palm empty fruit bunch carbon as solid acid catalyst and its hydrolysis catalytic activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryanti F. Nata ◽  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Meilana D. Putra ◽  
Cheng-Kang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract The sulfonated carbon solid acid catalyst (C-SO3H) was successfully generated from palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) carbon via hydrothermal sulfonation by addition of hydroxyethylsulfonic acid and citric acid. The C-SO3H was identified contain of 1.75 mmol/g of acidity and 40.2% of sulphur. The surface morphology of C-SO3H showed pores with diameters of 3-6 µm and crystalline index (CrI) of material was decreased to 63.8% due to changed structure become carbon. The surface area of carbon was increased significantly from 11.5 to 239.65 m2 g- 1 after hydrothermal treatment. The identification of functional groups of -SO3H, COOH and -OH were detected by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR). The optimum catalytic activity of C-SO3H was achieved via hydrolysis reaction with 60.4% of total reducing sugar (TRS) yield. The both concentrations of C-SO3H and cassava peel starch are 5% (w v- 1) at 100 oC for 1 h. Stability of C-SO3H showed good performance for 4th repeated used; it showed insignificant of activity that decreased only of 6%. Thus, the C-SO3H is a candidate for green and potential sulfonated solid acid catalyst for wide range applications.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Sulfonation of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Carbon as Solid Acid Catalyst and Its Hydrolysis Catalytic Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryanti F. Nata ◽  
Chairul Irawan ◽  
Meilana D. Putra ◽  
Cheng-Kang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cassava Peel

Abstract The sulfonated carbon solid acid catalyst (C-SO3H) was successfully generated from palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) carbon via hydrothermal sulfonation by addition of hydroxyethylsulfonic acid and citric acid. The C-SO3H was identified contain of 1.75 mmol/g of acidity and 40.2% of sulphur. The surface morphology of C-SO3H showed pores with diameters of 3-6 µm and crystalline index (CrI) of material was decreased to 63.8% due to changed structure become carbon. The surface area of carbon was increased significantly from 11.5 to 239.65 m2g-1 after hydrothermal treatment. The identification of functional groups of -SO3H, COOH and -OH were detected by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR). The optimum catalytic activity of C-SO3H was achieved via hydrolysis reaction with 60.4% of total reducing sugar (TRS) yield. The both concentrations of C-SO3H and cassava peel starch is 5% at 100 oC for 1 h. Stability of C-SO3H showed good performance for 4th repeated used; it showed insignificant of activity that decreased only of 6%. Thus, the C-SO3H is a candidate for green and potential sulfonated solid acid catalyst for wide range applications.

HIDROLISA PATI DARI KULIT SINGKONG (VARIABEL RATIO BAHAN DAN KONSENTRASI ASAM)

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Mastuti
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Cassava Peel

<p>Abstract: Cassava peel is generally used as animal feed and sometimes just thrown away. To<br />increase the economic value of cassava peels used as alternative materials to manufacture<br />glucose by hydrolysis. This study aims to determine the effect of material and the concentration<br />ratio of acid to the peel of cassava starch hydrolysis of the resulting reduction of glucose and<br />starch hydrolysis reaction rate constants of the cassava peel with hydrochloric acid catalyst.<br />Variables remained in the study was 250 ml volume of cooking and temperature 95<br />C (boiling<br />temperature). Variable is the ratio of materials that were reviewed (30 gr, 40 gr, 50 gr and 60 gr)and acid concentration (0.05 N, 0.1 N; 0.15 N; and 0.2 N). Glucose samples were analyzed by<br />using the Lane-Eynon. Data analysis showed the material and the larger the ratio of acid<br />concentration, the glucose formed higher. So also with increasing reaction time, glucose is<br />formed also higher. Operating conditions which result in maximum glucose in the ratio 5:1<br />material and acid concentration 0.2 N. In this study the reaction of first order reaction rate<br />constants obtained in ratio of materials from 0.0116 to 0.0172/min and at variable acid<br />concentrations from 0.0157 to 0.0252/min.<br />Keywords: Cassava peel, hydrolysis, hydrochloric acid<br />o</p>

Biodiesel Production From Waste Palm Oil Using Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Derived Novel Carbon Acid Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. I. Thushari ◽  
S. Babel
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Carbon Acid

Production of biodiesel from waste palm oil (WPO) can provide alternative energy and at the same time reduce the problems created by disposal of WPO. In this study, a novel, inexpensive, and environmental benign carbon acid catalyst is prepared by direct in situ concentrated H2SO4 impregnation of palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) powder and employed for biodiesel production using WPO. The structure and the physiochemical properties of the prepared catalyst (PEFB-DS-SO3H) are analyzed by acid-base back titration data, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-EDS), SEM, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and using N2 adsorption and desorption isotherm data. It is observed that the catalyst has a unique amorphous structure with total acid density of 5.40 mmolg−1, surface area of 5.5 m2g−1, and 0.31 cm3g−1 pore volume. In addition, FT-IR, XPS, and EDS results confirm a successful sulfonation during the catalyst preparation. It is found that fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield increases with increasing methanol:oil (molar ratio) and reaction time up to an optimum value. The highest biodiesel yield of 91% is reported under reaction conditions of 5 wt % catalyst, 14:1 methanol: oil (molar ratio), at 65–70 °C after 14 h in an open reflux system. Results show that the catalyst can be reused for four consecutive cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity. Fuel properties of the produced biodiesel are compatible with the international fuel standards for biodiesel.

Deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS Xerogel by Single or Dual Organic Catalyst Addition

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Anna Sumardi ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Aptar Eka Lestari ◽  
Zaini Lambri Assyaifi ◽  
Adi Darmawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Vinyl Silane ◽  
Filtration Material ◽  
Silica Precursor

Currently, xerogel has been applied as a filtration material, especially in membrane desalination. However, the xerogel matrix structure for desalination have to be designed properly in order to allow rejection of salt and obtain good hydro-stability, thus, silica precursor in the form of TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate)/TEVS (triethoxy vinyl silane) and organic acid catalyst are suitable material for fabrication. The aim of this study is therefore to fabricate and perform deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS xerogel by adding single or dual catalyst, using FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and Fityk software. The xerogel was fabricated by dried silica sol and calcined using RTP technique (rapid thermal processing) at 450 °C.  Prior to this fabrication, the silica sol was synthesized by sol gel method, using a mixture of silica precursor TEOS/TEVS, ethanol solvent, and varied addition of single catalyst (citric acid) as well as dual catalyst (citric acid + ammonia) for 2 hours, at 50 °C. Subsequently, the xerogel was characterized by FTIR and the deconvolution was obtained through Gaussian approach, with Fityk software. All TEOS/TEVS xerogel samples indicated existence of silanol (Si-OH), siloxane (Si-O-Si) and silica-carbon (Si-C) functional groups. The xerogel deconvolution of TEOS/TEVS using single catalyst exhibit a peak area ratio of Si-OH/Si-O-Si, and this is similar to the dual catalyst counterpart of 0.24 (unit area) and 1.86 (unit area), for Si-C area ratio. This shows the addition of single catalyst was enough to produce deconvolution in TEOS/TEVS xerogel, dominated by siloxane functional group and carbon bonds with the ability to enhance membrane material hydro-stability’s fabrication.

Preparation of hydrothermal carbon acid catalyst from defatted rice bran

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyaporn Wataniyakul ◽  
Panatpong Boonnoun ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Tetsuya Kida ◽  
Navadol Laosiripojana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Defatted Rice Bran ◽  
Carbon Acid

Effect of Temperature on the Yield of Lignin Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Acetosolv from Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nor Arifin Yaakob ◽  
Rasidi Roslan ◽  
Nurjannah Salim ◽  
Siti Noor Hidayah Mustapha ◽  
Sarani Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Microscopy Images

Acetosolv technique is considered as one of the best alternative way to extract technical lignin from biomass as it has high efficiency and environmentally friendly. In this study, microwave-assisted acetosolv technique were used to extract lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) in the presence of 3% sulfuric acid catalyst reacted at various temperature. The yield of the extracted acetosolv lignin were calculated using modified Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry biomass composition analysis (TAPPI) method. The result showed that, as the temperature increased from 90 to 110 °C, the yield of lignin extracted also increase from 43.07 to 76.98%. The presence of guaiacyl and p-coumarate indicates the presence of active sites at C-3 and C-5 of aromatic ring for polymerization reactions. Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed that removal of lignin are intensified as the microwave-assisted acetosolv temperature increased.

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