scholarly journals Progress, challenges and future directions of heterocycles as building blocks in iterative methodologies towards sequence-defined oligomers and polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hill ◽  
Robert Steinfort ◽  
Laura Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Contemporary Research

The synthesis of sequence-defined oligomers and polymers is an important contemporary research topic due to the potential for creating materials with function tailored directly into the primary structure. Sequence-defined materials...

scholarly journals Publication Landscape on Cushing's Disease: From the Past 40 Years to Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jie Luo ◽  
Kelei Du ◽  
Xiaopeng Guo ◽  
Zihao Wang ◽  
Bing Xing
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Research Areas

Abstract PurposeThough literature related to Cushing's disease (CD) has grown significantly, previous reviews exclusively focused on specific research areas and were biased towards highly cited articles. This study aims to systemically analyze the research landscapes and trends using unbiased methods. MethodsWe queried all the CD-related publications in PubMed and clinical trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a machine learning method, was used to derive research hotspots from article texts. The research topic clusters and country-level collaboration were revealed by network analysis.Results5015 articles were published since 1981, currently growing at 155 per year, with more retrospective studies but fewer prospective studies. Interestingly, the most popular LDA research topics were complications and comorbidities, endocrine hormone tests and surgical therapy, and they formed a remarkable triangle relationship in the research topic network. These topics had numerous international studies and were supported by most funding. In addition, many topics in the basic research domain were proliferating, including mutation, biomarkers, endopeptidases, and other molecular genetics and pathology of CD. Out of 63 registered clinical trials, over 25% were withdrawn due to inadequate patient recruitment or lack of funding.ConclusionsThis publication landscape analysis provided a systemic representation of CD literature regarding the history, current challenges, and future directions, enabling clinicians a rapid and comprehensive insight into the disease.

scholarly journals The Doctrinal Complication in Al-Ash'ari’s Doctrine and its Role in Managing the Doctrinal Disputes

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ararou
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
General Rules ◽  
The One

This research aims to clarify the concept of doctrinal rules and adjust its basic terminologies. It further aims to lay down a map for the method of rooting this science by mentioning its rooted sources, in addition to drawing a miniature picture of its history, origin, formation and development. The paper ends with practical models to highlight its importance in rooting the science of nodal rules and facilitating the mentioning of its scattered discussions in a short and comprehensive phrase. The study further illustrates the pioneering role of doctrinal rules science in managing the doctrinal disputes, combining multiple sayings, and in bringing together opposing opinions. The study follows the inductive, descriptive and analytical approach. The importance of the research topic lies in the fact that it tackles something that has not yet been widely examined. Thus, researching such a topic is considered a new thing due to the scarcity of what has been written on it, on the one hand. On the other hand, the topic is serious as it talks about the Contractual Rules, which have not gained sufficient research among the applicants. Besides, what has been so far written on the doctrinal rules is related to the chapters of the doctrine and its general discussions; a matter which is similar to Al-Ghazali’s rules of beliefs. No allocation was dedicated to its contractual aspect. Accordingly, the present research is one of the important building blocks of the doctrinal lesson, as it is related to inferencing the science of belief and collecting its dispersed discussions under general rules in an

Understanding Physiological Associations With Emotional Competence

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-96
Author(s):  
Colin Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Emotional Competence ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Health It ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Communication Events ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Biopsychosocial Health

The communication discipline has long believed that emotions are a fundamental part of the human experience, becoming one of the building blocks upon which interpersonal communication events can occur. This chapter examines the various ways that emotional competence is linked to biopsychosocial health. It focuses on alexithymia, a condition where individuals are less able to understand and communicate emotions. The chapter then describes the relationships between alexithymia and a host of physiological outcome measures, including elements of the sympathetic nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system. It also details several neurological structures that are related to alexithymia, including socioaffective processing, interoceptive arousal, and emotion-guided decision making. Finally, the chapter concludes with some general insights about the state of research in this domain and possible future directions.

scholarly journals Rational Protocols and Attacks in Blockchain System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Yuling Chen ◽  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Yilei Wang ◽  
Minghao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Game Theoretic

Blockchain has been an emerging technology, which comprises lots of fields such as distributed systems and Internet of Things (IoT). As is well known, blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin, whose initial motivation is derived from economic incentives. Therefore, lots of components of blockchain (e.g., consensus mechanism) can be constructed toward the view of game theory. In this paper, we highlight the combination of game theory and blockchain, including rational smart contracts, game theoretic attacks, and rational mining strategies. When put differently, the rational parties, who manage to maximize their utilities, involved in blockchain chose their strategies according to the economic incentives. Consequently, we focus on the influence of rational parties with respect to building blocks. More specifically, we investigate the research progress from the aspects of smart contract, rational attacks, and consensus mechanism, respectively. Finally, we present some future directions based on the brief survey with respect to game theory and blockchain.

Synthesis and Applications of Cyclopropanones and their Equivalents as Three-Carbon Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Jang ◽  
Roger Machin-Rivera ◽  
Vincent Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Small Ring ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Highly Strained ◽  
And Storage

Cyclopropanone derivatives constitute highly strained cycloalkanones with promising applications as three-carbon building blocks in organic synthesis. Due to the presence of a ketone in such a small ring system, all C–C bonds and the carbonyl group are considered to be labile in suitable conditions, leading to a wide variety of synthetic disconnections, including nucleophilic addition, ring expansion, ring-opening and (formal) cycloaddition. Despite their synthetic potential, the widespread adoption of cyclopropanones as substrates has been considerably hampered by the difficulties associated with the preparation and storage of such unstable compounds, prompting the development of cyclopropanone surrogates that can equilibrate to parent ketone in situ via elimination. This review summarizes the syntheses and applications of cyclopropanone derivatives and their equivalents, and offers a perspective of the state of the field as well as its expected future directions.

scholarly journals A contemporary research topic: manipulative approaches to human brain dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kitajo ◽  
Takashi Hanakawa ◽  
Risto J. Ilmoniemi ◽  
Carlo Miniussi
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Contemporary Research

Progress in self-assembly of porphyrin derivatives on surfaces: STM reveals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Meng ◽  
lei peng ◽  
Qingdao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Porphyrin Derivatives ◽  
Molecular Building Blocks ◽  
Photoelectric Performance

Porphyrin derivatives have been a prevalent research topic due to their outstanding photoelectric performance, and they are important molecular building blocks in the field of molecular self-assembly. The research on...

Foundations and Futures

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Jeff King ◽  
Alison L Young
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Distinguished Group

This introductory chapter provides an overview of a collection of essays exploring the foundations and future of UK and EU public law. The collection of chapters in this book is inspired by the work of Professor Paul Craig, University of Oxford. It explores six thematic building blocks of public law: theory, case law, legislation, institutions, process, and constitutions. This chapter provides an introduction to each of these foundations and comments on the questions and issues raised by the distinguished group of jurists gathered in the volume as they reflect on the nature and future directions of public law.

Personalization in digital interventions for behavior change (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Ly Tong ◽  
Juan C Quiroz ◽  
A Baki Kocaballi ◽  
Georgina Kennedy ◽  
Enrico Coiera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Control Systems Engineering ◽  
Personalized System ◽  
Definition Of

UNSTRUCTURED Effective behavior change interventions may require ongoing personalized support for users. Rapid developments in digital technology and artificial intelligence are giving rise to more advanced types of personalized interventions that can analyze large amounts of data to provide real-time, contextualized support. Despite growing research attention, there is still a lack of consensus in the literature about what is considered a personalized system, and how to design such system. This paper provides a definition of personalization and proposes a set of building blocks to design and implement personalized behavior change interventions, drawing on concepts from control systems engineering. We also discuss existing challenges in evaluating the net effects of personalized interventions and outline future directions in this field.

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