Primary Structure Control of Oligomers Based on Natural and Synthetic Building Blocks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Chan-Seng ◽  
Jean-François Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Structure Control ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

scholarly journals Progress, challenges and future directions of heterocycles as building blocks in iterative methodologies towards sequence-defined oligomers and polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hill ◽  
Robert Steinfort ◽  
Laura Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Contemporary Research

The synthesis of sequence-defined oligomers and polymers is an important contemporary research topic due to the potential for creating materials with function tailored directly into the primary structure. Sequence-defined materials...

Single-chain nanoparticles containing sequence-defined segments: using primary structure control to promote secondary and tertiary structures in synthetic protein mimics

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 5829-5835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Cole ◽  
J. J. Lessard ◽  
K. J. Rodriguez ◽  
A. M. Hanlon ◽  
E. K. Reville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Tertiary Structures ◽  
Structure Control ◽  
Protein Mimics ◽  
Multiple Protein ◽  
Synthetic Protein

We investigated intra-chain multicomponent reactions to synthesize single-chain nanoparticles (SCNP) containing sequence-defined segments at each cross-link, creating materials featuring multiple protein-inspired elements.

scholarly journals Responsive hybrid (poly)peptide–polymer conjugates

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
pp. 8274-8288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford A. Paik ◽  
Shivshankar R. Mane ◽  
Xinqiao Jia ◽  
Kristi L. Kiick
Keyword(s):  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Polymer Conjugates ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

(Poly)peptide–polymer conjugates continue to garner significant interest in the production of functional materials given their composition of natural and synthetic building blocks that confer select and synergistic properties.

scholarly journals Crystal Chemistry and Structural Complexity of Natural and Synthetic Uranyl Selenites

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Gurzhiy ◽  
Ivan V. Kuporev ◽  
Vadim M. Kovrugin ◽  
Mikhail N. Murashko ◽  
Anatoly V. Kasatkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Crystal Chemistry ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Structural Architecture ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Comparison of the natural and synthetic phases allows an overview to be made and even an understanding of the crystal growth processes and mechanisms of the particular crystal structure formation. Thus, in this work, we review the crystal chemistry of the family of uranyl selenite compounds, paying special attention to the pathways of synthesis and topological analysis of the known crystal structures. Comparison of the isotypic natural and synthetic uranyl-bearing compounds suggests that uranyl selenite mineral formation requires heating, which most likely can be attributed to the radioactive decay. Structural complexity studies revealed that the majority of synthetic compounds have the topological symmetry of uranyl selenite building blocks equal to the structural symmetry, which means that the highest symmetry of uranyl complexes is preserved regardless of the interstitial filling of the structures. Whereas the real symmetry of U-Se complexes in the structures of minerals is lower than their topological symmetry, which means that interstitial cations and H2O molecules significantly affect the structural architecture of natural compounds. At the same time, structural complexity parameters for the whole structure are usually higher for the minerals than those for the synthetic compounds of a similar or close organization, which probably indicates the preferred existence of such natural-born architectures. In addition, the reexamination of the crystal structures of two uranyl selenite minerals guilleminite and demesmaekerite is reported. As a result of the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of demesmaekerite, Pb2Cu5[(UO2)2(SeO3)6(OH)6](H2O)2, the H atoms positions belonging to the interstitial H2O molecules were assigned. The refinement of the guilleminite crystal structure allowed the determination of an additional site arranged within the void of the interlayer space and occupied by an H2O molecule, which suggests the formula of guilleminite to be written as Ba[(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2](H2O)4 instead of Ba[(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2](H2O)3.

Primary structure control of ArF resist polymer by regulating feed rate of monomers and initiator

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Oshikiri ◽  
Atsushi Yasuda ◽  
Keisuke Kato ◽  
Shin-ichi Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Structure Control

Photochemical Evolution of Interstellar/Precometary Organic Material

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Allamandola ◽  
Max P. Bernstein ◽  
Scott A. Sandford
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Infrared Observations ◽  
Interstellar Ice ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Ultraviolet Photolysis ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Simple Molecules ◽  
Complex Organic

AbstractInfrared observations, combined with realistic laboratory simulations, have revolutionized our understanding of interstellar ice and dust, the building blocks of comets. Since comets are thought to be a major source of the volatiles on the primative earth, their organic inventory is of central importance to questions concerning the origin of life. Ices in molecular clouds contain the very simple molecules H2O, CH3OH, CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and probably some NH3and H2CO, as well as more complex species including nitriles, ketones, and esters. The evidence for these, as well as carbonrich materials such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), microdiamonds, and amorphous carbon is briefly reviewed. This is followed by a detailed summary of interstellar/precometary ice photochemical evolution based on laboratory studies of realistic polar ice analogs. Ultraviolet photolysis of these ices produces H2, H2CO, CO2, CO, CH4, HCO, and the moderately complex organic molecules: CH3CH2OH (ethanol), HC(= O)NH2(formamide), CH3C(= O)NH2(acetamide), R-CN (nitriles), and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT, C6H12N4), as well as more complex species including polyoxymethylene and related species (POMs), amides, and ketones. The ready formation of these organic species from simple starting mixtures, the ice chemistry that ensues when these ices are mildly warmed, plus the observation that the more complex refractory photoproducts show lipid-like behavior and readily self organize into droplets upon exposure to liquid water suggest that comets may have played an important role in the origin of life.

Laboratory and in-situ analysis of comet dust

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
D.E. Brownlee ◽  
A.L. Albee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Cometary Material ◽  
Comet Dust

Comets are primitive, kilometer-sized bodies that formed in the outer regions of the solar system. Composed of ice and dust, comets are generally believed to be relic building blocks of the outer solar system that have been preserved at cryogenic temperatures since the formation of the Sun and planets. The analysis of cometary material is particularly important because the properties of cometary material provide direct information on the processes and environments that formed and influenced solid matter both in the early solar system and in the interstellar environments that preceded it.The first direct analyses of proven comet dust were made during the Soviet and European spacecraft encounters with Comet Halley in 1986. These missions carried time-of-flight mass spectrometers that measured mass spectra of individual micron and smaller particles. The Halley measurements were semi-quantitative but they showed that comet dust is a complex fine-grained mixture of silicates and organic material. A full understanding of comet dust will require detailed morphological, mineralogical, elemental and isotopic analysis at the finest possible scale. Electron microscopy and related microbeam techniques will play key roles in the analysis. The present and future of electron microscopy of comet samples involves laboratory study of micrometeorites collected in the stratosphere, in-situ SEM analysis of particles collected at a comet and laboratory study of samples collected from a comet and returned to the Earth for detailed study.

Cryo-TEM of amphiphilic polymer and amphiphile/polymer solutions

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
Yeshayahu Talmon
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Microstructured Fluids ◽  
Air Streams

To achieve complete microstructural characterization of self-aggregating systems, one needs direct images in addition to quantitative information from non-imaging, e.g., scattering or Theological measurements, techniques. Cryo-TEM enables us to image fluid microstructures at better than one nanometer resolution, with minimal specimen preparation artifacts. Direct images are used to determine the “building blocks” of the fluid microstructure; these are used to build reliable physical models with which quantitative information from techniques such as small-angle x-ray or neutron scattering can be analyzed.To prepare vitrified specimens of microstructured fluids, we have developed the Controlled Environment Vitrification System (CEVS), that enables us to prepare samples under controlled temperature and humidity conditions, thus minimizing microstructural rearrangement due to volatile evaporation or temperature changes. The CEVS may be used to trigger on-the-grid processes to induce formation of new phases, or to study intermediate, transient structures during change of phase (“time-resolved cryo-TEM”). Recently we have developed a new CEVS, where temperature and humidity are controlled by continuous flow of a mixture of humidified and dry air streams.

Semi-synthesis as a tool for broadening the health applications of bioactive olive secoiridoids: a critical review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Oliverio ◽  
Monica Nardi ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Gioia ◽  
Paola Costanzo ◽  
Sonia Bonacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Synthetic Analogues ◽  
Health Applications ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Semi-synthesis is an effective strategy to obtain both natural and synthetic analogues of the olive secoiridoids, starting from easy accessible natural compounds.

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