Deoxy Sugars. General methods for carbohydrate deoxygenation and glycosidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Marino ◽  
Andrea Verónica V. Bordoni
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Deoxy Sugars

Deoxy sugars represent an important class of carbohydrates, present in a large number of biomolecules involved in multiple biological processes. In various antibiotics, antimicrobials, and therapeutic agents the presence of...

Synthesis and Biological Properties of some New Lead Sulphonamide and Carboxamide Scaffolds Bearing Coumarin Moiety (Mini Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosmas Chinweike Eze ◽  
Mercy Amarachukwu Ezeokonkwo ◽  
Benjamin Ebere Ezema ◽  
Abraham Efeturi Onoabedje ◽  
David Izuchukwu Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Amide Group ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

: Coumarin, sulphonamide and amide scaffolds exhibit diverse pharmacological features and constitute an important class of therapeutic agents. In this review, we have discussed the synthesis, biological properties, and SAR of coumarins containing sulphonamide or amide group in the last seven years. Many reviews on the therapeutic activities of coumarins, sulphonamides, and amides have been published, hence the authors focused on coumarin-linked sulphonamide or amide scaffolds. The review provides information on the synthetic route to new coumarins containing sulphonamide or amide groups with improved pharmacological properties.

scholarly journals Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Bayonle Aminu ◽  
Olivia Roscow ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes ◽  
Cellular Components

Tumor microenvironments are composed of a myriad of elements, both cellular (immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and non-cellular (extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors, etc.), which collectively provide a permissive environment enabling tumor progression. In this review, we focused on the regulation of tumor microenvironment through ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification that regulates various key biological processes, whereby ubiquitin is attached to substrates through a catalytic cascade coordinated by multiple enzymes, including E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In contrast, ubiquitin can be removed by deubiquitinases in the process of deubiquitination. Here, we discuss the roles of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases as modulators of both cellular and non-cellular components in tumor microenvironment, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Finally, we introduced several emerging technologies that can be utilized to develop effective therapeutic agents for targeting tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals Vitamins A and E: metabolism, roles and transfer to offspring

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Debier ◽  
Y. Larondelle
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Tissue Uptake ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Blood Transport

Vitamins A and E are essential, naturally occurring, fat-soluble nutrients that are involved in several important biological processes such as immunity, protection against tissue damage, reproduction, growth and development. They are extremely important during the early stages of life and must be transferred adequately to the young during gestation and lactation. The present article presents an overview of their biological functions, metabolism and dynamics of transfer to offspring in mammals. Among other topics, the review focuses on the biochemical aspects of their intestinal absorption, blood transport, tissue uptake, storage and catabolism. It also describes their different roles as well as their use as preventive and therapeutic agents. Finally, the mechanisms involved in their transfer during gestation and lactation are discussed.

scholarly journals Integrated Analysis of Gene Network in Childhood Leukemia from Microarray and Pathway Databases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amphun Chaiboonchoe ◽  
Sandhya Samarasinghe ◽  
Don Kulasiri ◽  
Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani
Keyword(s):  
Gene Network ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Pathway Databases

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been used as therapeutic agents for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) for over 50 years. However, much remains to be understood about the molecular mechanism of GCs actions in ALL subtypes. In this study, we delineate differential responses of ALL subtypes, B- and T-ALL, to GCs treatment at systems level by identifying the differences among biological processes, molecular pathways, and interaction networks that emerge from the action of GCs through the use of a selected number of available bioinformatics methods and tools. We provide biological insight into GC-regulated genes, their related functions, and their networks specific to the ALL subtypes. We show that differentially expressed GC-regulated genes participate in distinct underlying biological processes affected by GCs in B-ALL and T-ALL with little to no overlap. These findings provide the opportunity towards identifying new therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Properties, bioactive potential and extraction processes of glycosaminoglycans: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evellin Balbinot-Alfaro ◽  
Meritaine da Rocha ◽  
Alexandre da Trindade Alfaro ◽  
Vilásia Guimarães Martins
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
General Aspects

ABSTRACT: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long-chain polysaccharides that are divided into sulphates and non-sulphates, these being chondroitin sulphate, heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate, heparin sulphate and the only non-sulphate in the group is hyaluronic acid. GAGs are obtained from animal tissue and by an expensive low-yield extraction process; however, they are highly commercially valued polysaccharides and exploited in the biomedical market. Their disaccharidic composition, chain length and sulfation pattern present great variability depending on the species and extraction factors. GAGs possess immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiproliferative and anticoagulant properties, functioning as therapeutic agents modulating an array of biological processes. This report presents the general aspects of each GAG, source and extraction process, in addition to the characteristics that give them the most varied therapeutic properties and pharmacological applications.

scholarly journals CoralP: Flexible visualization of the human phosphatome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Min ◽  
Erika Deoudes ◽  
Marielle L. Bond ◽  
Eric S. Davis ◽  
Douglas H. Phanstiel
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Protein Phosphatases ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Phosphoryl Groups ◽  
Publication Quality

Protein phosphatases and kinases play critical roles in a host of biological processes and diseases via the removal and addition of phosphoryl groups. While kinases have been extensively studied for decades, recent findings regarding the specificity and activities of phosphatases have generated an increased interest in targeting phosphatases for pharmaceutical development. This increased focus has created a need for methods to visualize this important class of proteins within the context of the entire phosphatase protein family. Here, we present CoralP, an interactive web application for the generation of customizable, publication-quality representations of human phosphatome data. Phosphatase attributes can be encoded through edge colors, node colors, and node sizes. CoralP is the first and currently the only tool designed for phosphatome visualization and should be of great use to the signaling community. The source code and web application are available at https://github.com/PhanstielLab/coralp and http://phanstiel-lab.med.unc.edu/coralp respectively.

scholarly journals Design of pectin beads for oral protein delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Urbano ◽  
António Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Oral Protein Delivery ◽  
External Gelation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Calcium Pectinate ◽  
Matrix Reinforcement

Protein and peptide drugs are becoming a very important class of therapeutic agents owing to recent and remarkable advances in the area of biotechnology. However, most of them are not therapeutically active after oral administration due to severe physical and enzymatic barriers of the gastrointestinal tract. A combination of colonic targeting using pectin-based systems and microencapsulation methods was used to increase the oral bioavailability of proteins. The purpose of this investigation was therefore, to study under gastrointestinal the release conditions of bovine serum albumin from calcium pectinate beads prepared by extrusion/external gelation. Matrix reinforcement with dextran sulfate and different types of coatings was investigated.

Synthesis and pharmaceutical applications of Oxazine compounds derived from Pyronic, Salicylic, Antharanilic acids and Phenols

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 074-086
Author(s):  
Harith M. Al-ajely
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications

It is well known from FDA reports that More than 75% of the heterocyclic compounds are drugs and 90 of heterocyclic compounds are cancer drugs. The nitrogen-based heterocycles occupy an exclusive position as a valuable source of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry. Most drugs approved by the FDA and currently available in the market are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties, More over heterocyclic compounds are important class of organic chemistry due to their widely spread in nature. Also there are many route for their action and many mechanistic pathways for their preparation and different metabolic actions. This comes from the easily building or removal of any functional group within the molecules. Changing just on group cause to change the metabolic pathway of the drug action and site of attack of the desired target accordingly. This great characteristic value make them much more important in drug discovery programs of many researchers and also encouraged us and drew attentions of other researchers to develop new ways for their synthesis. As a result different pharmacological and medical applications. Oxazie compounds are sub branch of heterocyclic compounds. These compounds having two hetero atoms, Oxygen and nitrogen within their structures make them much more important toward therapeutic studies. We are here in our investigation will focus on the methodologies and the therapeutic action of the titled compounds as well as other various applications.

Ionic liquids in oligosaccharide synthesis: towards mucin-type glycan probes

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Galan ◽  
Anthony P. Corfield
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Present Article ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Oligosaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Important Class ◽  
High Throughput Analysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications

The present article provides an overview on mucins and their role in biological processes, while aiming to familiarize readers with the current tools available for the synthesis of structurally defined mucin-type glycan probes including the advantages and potential applications of using ionic liquids in the synthesis of this important class of oligosaccharides. Furthermore, we also highlight recent developments in glycoarray technology that can enable high-sensitivity and high-throughput analysis of this important class of protein–carbohydrate interactions.

miRNAs have an impact on xeno-infectious diseases by influencing host and/or infection factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Infectious Agents

This review emphasizes the role of miRNAs in related illnesses. miRNAs have been found to play a role in both normal and pathological biological processes by directly or indirectly regulating numerous cellular transcripts via epigenetic-related enzymes, interfering with lncRNA and CeRNA activities, and interfering with lncRNA and CeRNA activities, according to numerous studies. They also have an impact on xeno-infectious diseases by influencing host and/or infection factors such as related transcripts and proteins, among other things. On the other hand, complications in their miRNAs' structure, such as isomiRs, arm selection, and arm switching, might reveal how significant miRNAs are in the development of various illnesses. Xeno-infectious agents such as viruses, parasites, and bacteria, among others, can impact miRNA structural characteristics and interactions with epigenetics and other non-coding intracellular RNAs. As a result, miRNAs should be investigated further since they are important prognostic and diagnostic markers. Furthermore, because miRNAs provide new insights into some mechanisms of complex diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and xeno-infectious disease that can be used effectively in personalized medicine to control the diseases, more research from the bench to the bedside is needed before they can be used as therapeutic agents.

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