The Impact of Surface Chemistry on the Interfacial Evaporation-Driven Self-Assembly of Thermoplasmonic Gold Nanoparticles

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyu Zheng ◽  
Yingyue Zhang ◽  
Liuchang Dong ◽  
Dengwu Zhao ◽  
Rui Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports an interfacial evaporation-driven approach for self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) film at the interface of liquid/air. We have designed colloidal plasmonic AuNPs capped with different types and...

scholarly journals Quantification of the PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles Protein Corona. Influence on Nanoparticle Size and Surface Chemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4789
Author(s):  
Raul Nicoară ◽  
Maria Ilieș ◽  
Alina Uifălean ◽  
Cristina Adela Iuga ◽  
Felicia Loghin
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
Nanoparticle Size ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
Model Protein ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Milieu

The interactions of nanoparticles with living organisms are driven by an interface called the protein corona. This interface is formed when nanoparticles are introduced in biological milieu and proteins are adsorbed at nanoparticles’ surfaces. Understanding the factors that are responsible for the formation and the composition of the protein corona could reveal mechanistic insights that are involved in the interaction of nanoparticles with biological structures. Multiple studies have qualitatively described the protein corona, but just a few have proposed quantification methods, especially for gold nanoparticles. Using bovine serum albumin conjugated with fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate as a model protein, we developed a fluorescent-based quantification method for gold nanoparticles’ protein coronas. The impact of nanoparticle size and surface chemistry was studied, and our research emphasizes that size and surface chemistry are determinant factors: Bigger nanoparticles and amino-modified surface chemistry are responsible for higher protein adsorption compared to smaller ones and carboxyl- or methoxy-modified surface chemistry. The proposed method can be used to complete the full picture of the interactions of nanoparticles with biological milieu and to describe the parameters which govern these interactions for the better development of nanomedicines.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

scholarly journals The Role of Surface Chemistry in the Efficacy of Protein and DNA Microarrays for Label-Free Detection: An Overview

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1026
Author(s):  
Elisa Chiodi ◽  
Allison M. Marn ◽  
Matthew T. Geib ◽  
M. Selim Ünlü
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Single Particle Imaging ◽  
The Impact

The importance of microarrays in diagnostics and medicine has drastically increased in the last few years. Nevertheless, the efficiency of a microarray-based assay intrinsically depends on the density and functionality of the biorecognition elements immobilized onto each sensor spot. Recently, researchers have put effort into developing new functionalization strategies and technologies which provide efficient immobilization and stability of any sort of molecule. Here, we present an overview of the most widely used methods of surface functionalization of microarray substrates, as well as the most recent advances in the field, and compare their performance in terms of optimal immobilization of the bioreceptor molecules. We focus on label-free microarrays and, in particular, we aim to describe the impact of surface chemistry on two types of microarray-based sensors: microarrays for single particle imaging and for label-free measurements of binding kinetics. Both protein and DNA microarrays are taken into consideration, and the effect of different polymeric coatings on the molecules’ functionalities is critically analyzed.

scholarly journals A global analysis of the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions on crime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Nivette ◽  
Renee Zahnow ◽  
Raul Aguilar ◽  
Andri Ahven ◽  
Shai Amram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

AbstractThe stay-at-home restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19 led to unparalleled sudden change in daily life, but it is unclear how they affected urban crime globally. We collected data on daily counts of crime in 27 cities across 23 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of stay-at-home restrictions on different types of crime in each city. Our findings show that the stay-at-home policies were associated with a considerable drop in urban crime, but with substantial variation across cities and types of crime. Meta-regression results showed that more stringent restrictions over movement in public space were predictive of larger declines in crime.

Comprehensive Effects of Short-Term Rental Platforms Across Hotel Types in U.S. and International Destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 193896552110335
Author(s):  
John W. O’Neill ◽  
Jihwan Yeon
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Location Type ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, short-term rental platforms in the lodging sector, including Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway, have received extensive attention and emerged as potentially alternative suppliers of services traditionally provided by established commercial accommodation providers, that is, hotels. Short-term rentals have dramatically increased the available supply of rooms for visitors to multiple international destinations, potentially siphoning demand away from hotels to short-term rental businesses. In a competitive market, an increase in supply with constant demand would negatively influence incumbent service providers. In this article, we examine the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance in different cities around the world. Specifically, we comprehensively investigate the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance based on hotel class, location type, and region. Furthermore, we segment the short-term rental supply based on its types of accommodations, that is, shared rooms, private rooms, and entire homes, and both examine and quantify the differential effects of these types of short-term rentals on different types of hotels. This study offers a comprehensive analysis regarding the impact of multiple short-term rental platforms on hotel performance and offers both conceptual and practical insights regarding the nature and extent of the effects that were identified.

scholarly journals Surface Chemical Heterogeneity of Low Rank Coal Characterized by Micro-FTIR and Its Correlation with Hydrophobicity

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Long Liang ◽  
Yaoli Peng ◽  
Maria Holuszko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Low Rank Coal ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aliphatic Carbon

Micro-Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to correlate the surface chemistry of low rank coal with hydrophobicity. Six square areas without mineral impurities on low rank coal surfaces were selected as testing areas. A specially-designed methodology was applied to conduct micro-FTIR measurements and contact angle tests on the same testing area. A series of semi-quantitative functional group ratios derived from micro-FTIR spectra were correlated with contact angles, and the determination coefficients of linear regression were calculated and compared in order to identify the structure of the functional group ratios. Finally, two semi-quantitative ratios composed of aliphatic carbon hydrogen, aromatic carbon hydrogen and two different types of carbonyl groups were proposed as indicators of low rank coal hydrophobicity. This work provided a rapid way to predict low rank coal hydrophobicity through its functional group composition and helped us understand the hydrophobicity heterogeneity of low rank coal from the perspective of its surface chemistry.

Double, triple or quadruple hits? Exploring the impact of cybercrime on victims in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 026975802110106
Author(s):  
Raoul Notté ◽  
E.R. Leukfeldt ◽  
Marijke Malsch
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This article explores the impact of online crime victimisation. A literature review and 41 interviews – 19 with victims and 22 with experts – were carried out to gain insight into this. The interviews show that most impacts of online offences correspond to the impacts of traditional offline offences. There are also differences with offline crime victimisation. Several forms of impact seem to be specific to victims of online crime: the substantial scale and visibility of victimhood, victimisation that does not stop in time, the interwovenness of online and offline, and victim blaming. Victims suffer from double, triple or even quadruple hits; it is the accumulation of different types of impact, enforced by the limitlessness in time and space, which makes online crime victimisation so extremely invasive. Furthermore, the characteristics of online crime victimisation greatly complicate the fight against and prevention of online crime. Finally, the high prevalence of cybercrime victimisation combined with the severe impact of these crimes seems contradictory with public opinion – and associated moral judgments – on victims. Further research into the dominant public discourse on victimisation and how this affects the functioning of the police and victim support would be valuable.

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