[1]Rotaxanes based on phosphorylated pillar[5]arenes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Nazarova ◽  
Pavel L. Padnya ◽  
Peter Cragg ◽  
Ivan Stoikov
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
First Time

[1]Rotaxanes based on monosubstituted phosphorus-containing pillar[5]arenes have been synthesized for the first time by the Kabachnik-Fields reaction with good yields. The introduction of bulky phosphoryl function stopper led to formation...

scholarly journals Investigation of the Process of Purification of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid and Production of Concentrated Phosphoric Fertilizers Based on it

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gulnoza Kodirova ◽  
Israiljon Shamshidinov ◽  
Boxodir Sultonov ◽  
Rikxsitilla Najmiddinov ◽  
Bakhodir Mamurov
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
First Time

Fluoride compounds have the most harmful effects on the environment. The main source of fluoride in the soil is phosphorus-containing fertilizers. Purification of wet-process phosphoric acid (WPPA) from fluorine will significantly reduce its content in phosphorous-containing fertilizers and improve the quality of the resulting products. The aim of the study is to reduce the content of fluorine and sulfates in the wet-process phosphoric acid by introducing calcium carbonate, dolomite or phosphorite into the finished extraction pulp before filtration and obtaining high-quality calcium and magnesium-containing phosphate fertilizers based on it. Phosphates were determined by differential photometric, fluorine – ionometric, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron-complexometric, and sulfates-by weight methods. For the first time, scientifically-based data were obtained on the simultaneous reduction of the content of fluorine and sulfates in WPPA from phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum and the production of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizers based on it. Optimal technological parameters of the process of simultaneous defluorination and desulfatation of  WPPA from Central Kyzylkum phosphorites with calcium carbonate, dolomite and washed burnt phosphoconcentrate (WСPC) were found by introducing them into the second section of the extractor, into the finished extraction pulp in the amount of 100% for sulfate binding and 100-150% for fluorine binding, as well as obtaining high-quality products based on purified WPPA. The degree of transition of fluorine to the gas phase and phosphogypsum at a rate of 100-150% of calcium oxide for fluorine binding is 86.2-89.4% and its content in the wet-process phosphoric acid decreases from 1.18% to 0.22-0.29%. At the same time, the SO3 content in the acid decreases from 1.21% to 0.24-0.26%. The filtration rate of the sulfate-phosphate pulp varies slightly and is 807.6-812.6 kg/m2·h by dry residue.

Seed development in Ricinus communis cv. Hale (castor bean). II. Accumulation of phytic acid in the developing endosperm and embryo in relation to the deposition of lipid, protein, and phosphorus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Greenwood ◽  
D. J. Gifford ◽  
J. D. Bewley
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Total Pool ◽  
First Time

The accumulation of phytic acid in the developing endosperm and embryo of the castor bean seed (Ricinus communis L. cv. Hale) has been followed in relation to the deposition of the major lipid and protein reserves. In the endosperm, there is a considerable degree of synchronization in the synthesis and deposition of these reserves, although phytic acid accumulation lags behind that of total protein and lipid. The pattern of reserve deposition within the embryo is documented for the first time. Lipid accumulation commences later than in the endosperm, and the major deposition of phytic acid is also later; protein deposition continues longer in the embryo than in the endosperm. Changes in various phosphorus-containing fractions were followed in both the embryo and endosperm during development, viz total, acid-soluble, inorganic, and lipid phosphorus. While sugar and nucleoside phosphates, and then nucleic acid and protein phosphorus, are predominant in the total phosphorus pool earlier in endosperm development, later there is a large increase in the total pool size, which is attributable particularly to phytic acid formation. This component accounts for over 90% of the total phosphorus content of the mature dry endosperm. A similar pattern of events occurs in the developing embryo.

Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽  
J. S. Jhunjhunwala
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
First Time

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).

Electron spectroscopic imaging and diffraction

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
M. Rühle ◽  
J. Mayer ◽  
J.C.H. Spence ◽  
J. Bihr ◽  
W. Probst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Filter ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Fritz Haber ◽  
Koehler Illumination ◽  
First Time

A new Zeiss TEM with an imaging Omega filter is a fully digitized, side-entry, 120 kV TEM/STEM instrument for materials science. The machine possesses an Omega magnetic imaging energy filter (see Fig. 1) placed between the third and fourth projector lens. Lanio designed the filter and a prototype was built at the Fritz-Haber-Institut in Berlin, Germany. The imaging magnetic filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient area detection. The energy dispersion at the exit slit (Fig. 1) results in ∼ 1.5 μm/eV which allows imaging with energy windows of ≤ 10 eV. The smallest probe size of the microscope is 1.6 nm and the Koehler illumination system is used for the first time in a TEM. Serial recording of EELS spectra with a resolution < 1 eV is possible. The digital control allows X,Y,Z coordinates and tilt settings to be stored and later recalled.

A Novel TEM Technique for Characterizing As-Grown CVD Diamond Films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 956-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley ◽  
R.E. Clausing ◽  
L. Heatherly ◽  
L.L. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Microstructural studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) usually involve tedious specimen preparation. This process has been avoided with a technique that is described in this paper. For the first time, thick as-grown diamond films have been examined directly in a conventional TEM without thinning. With this technique, the important microstructures near the growth surface have been characterized. An as-grown diamond film was fractured on a plane containing the growth direction. It took about 5 min to prepare a sample. For TEM examination, the film was tilted about 30-45° (see Fig. 1). Microstructures of the diamond grains on the top edge of the growth face can be characterized directly by transmitted electron bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) images and diffraction patterns.

A microscopic marker experiment study on high temperature oxidation of Ni-Al alloy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
Shou-kong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
First Time

Transmission and analytical electron microscopic studies of scale microstructures and microscopic marker experiments have been carried out in order to determine the transport mechanism in the oxidation of Ni-Al alloy. According to the classical theory, the oxidation of nickel takes place by transport of Ni cations across the scale forming new oxide at the scale/gas interface. Any markers deposited on the Ni surface are expected to remain at the scale/metal interface after oxidation. This investigation using TEM transverse section techniques and deposited microscopic markers shows a different result,which indicates that a considerable amount of oxygen was transported inward. This is the first time that such fine-scale markers have been coupled with high resolution characterization instruments such as TEM/STEM to provide detailed information about evolution of oxide scale microstructure.

Direct imaging of charge transfer

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Yimei Zhu ◽  
J. Tafto
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Image Charge ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
First Time

The electron holes confined to the CuO2-plane are the charge carriers in high-temperature superconductors, and thus, the distribution of charge plays a key role in determining their superconducting properties. While it has been known for a long time that in principle, electron diffraction at low angles is very sensitive to charge transfer, we, for the first time, show that under a proper TEM imaging condition, it is possible to directly image charge in crystals with a large unit cell. We apply this new way of studying charge distribution to the technologically important Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+δ superconductors.Charged particles interact with the electrostatic potential, and thus, for small scattering angles, the incident particle sees a nuclei that is screened by the electron cloud. Hence, the scattering amplitude mainly is determined by the net charge of the ion. Comparing with the high Z neutral Bi atom, we note that the scattering amplitude of the hole or an electron is larger at small scattering angles. This is in stark contrast to the displacements which contribute negligibly to the electron diffraction pattern at small angles because of the short g-vectors.

Recent developments in low-voltage SEM of polymers

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 866-867
Author(s):  
S.J. Krause ◽  
W.W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Thermal Electron ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Voltage Scanning ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past decade low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) of polymers has evolved from an interesting curiosity to a powerful analytical technique. This development has been driven by improved instrumentation and in particular, reliable field emission gun (FEG) SEMs. The usefulness of LVSEM has also grown because of an improved theoretical and experimental understanding of sample-beam interactions and by advances in sample preparation and operating techniques. This paper will review progress in polymer LVSEM and present recent results and developments in the field.In the early 1980s a new generation of SEMs produced beam currents that were sufficient to allow imaging at low voltages from 5keV to 0.5 keV. Thus, for the first time, it became possible to routinely image uncoated polymers at voltages below their negative charging threshold, the "second crossover", E2 (Fig. 1). LVSEM also improved contrast and reduced beam damage in sputter metal coated polymers. Unfortunately, resolution was limited to a few tenths of a micron due to the low brightness and chromatic aberration of thermal electron emission sources.

Communication Sciences and Disorders PhD Graduates' Perceptions of Their PhD Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-478
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Crais ◽  
Melody Harrison Savage
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Career Expectations ◽  
Doctoral Preparation ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Phd Education ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Students Success ◽  
Phd Program

Purpose The shortage of doctor of philosophy (PhD)–level applicants to fill academic and research positions in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) programs calls for a detailed examination of current CSD PhD educational practices and the generation of creative solutions. The intended purposes of the article are to encourage CSD faculty to examine their own PhD program practices and consider the perspectives of recent CSD PhD graduates in determining the need for possible modifications. Method The article describes the results of a survey of 240 CSD PhD graduates and their perceptions of the challenges and facilitators to completing a PhD degree; the quality of their preparation in research, teaching, and job readiness; and ways to improve PhD education. Results Two primary themes emerged from the data highlighting the need for “matchmaking.” The first time point of needed matchmaking is prior to entry among students, mentors, and expectations as well as between aspects of the program that can lead to students' success and graduation. The second important matchmaking need is between the actual PhD preparation and the realities of the graduates' career expectations, and those placed on graduates by their employers. Conclusions Within both themes, graduate's perspectives and suggestions to help guide future doctoral preparation are highlighted. The graduates' recommendations could be used by CSD PhD program faculty to enhance the quality of their program and the likelihood of student success and completion. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11991480

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