Laser-induced deposition of copper from deep eutectic solvents: optimization of chemical and physical parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Shishov ◽  
Dmitry Gordeychuk ◽  
Lev Logunov ◽  
Elena Danilova ◽  
Aleksandra Levshakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Methods

Fabrication of the conductive copper structures on the surface of various dielectric materials is quite important for many fields of science. There are a lot of chemical and physical methods...

scholarly journals Overview of natural hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Calvo Catoira ◽  
Luca Fusaro ◽  
Dalila Di Francesco ◽  
Martina Ramella ◽  
Francesca Boccafoschi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Biomedical Field

Abstract Hydrogels from different materials can be used in biomedical field as an innovative approach in regenerative medicine. Depending on the origin source, hydrogels can be synthetized through chemical and physical methods. Hydrogel can be characterized through several physical parameters, such as size, elastic modulus, swelling and degradation rate. Lately, research is focused on hydrogels derived from biologic materials. These hydrogels can be derived from protein polymers, such as collage, elastin, and polysaccharide polymers like glycosaminoglycans or alginate among others. Introduction of decellularized tissues into hydrogels synthesis displays several advantages compared to natural or synthetic based hydrogels. Preservation of natural molecules such as growth factors, glycans, bioactive cryptic peptides and natural proteins can promote cell growth, function, differentiation, angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, antimicrobial effects, and chemotactic effects. Versatility of hydrogels make possible multiple applications and combinations with several molecules on order to obtain the adequate characteristic for each scope. In this context, a lot of molecules such as cross link agents, drugs, grow factors or cells can be used. This review focuses on the recent progress of hydrogels synthesis and applications in order to classify the most recent and relevant matters in biomedical field.

Measurement of Stratified Distributions of Dielectric Properties and Dependent Physical Parameters

1997 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Mamishev ◽  
Y. Du ◽  
B. C. Lesieutre ◽  
M. Zahn
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Moisture Concentration ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Spatially Periodic ◽  
Calibration Techniques ◽  
And Diffusion

ABSTRACTRecent advances in ω-k (frequency-wavenumber) interdigital dielectrometry are described. Using this technology, information about the microstructure of dielectric materials is obtained by applying to the sensor-dielectric interface a spatially periodic electric potential swept in frequency from 0.005 Hz to 10,000 Hz. The penetration depth of the electric field is proportional to the spatial wavelength of the electric potential. Application of multi-wavelength electrode arrangements allows measurement of stratified distributions of complex dielectric permittivity. Calibration techniques serve to relate the distributed dielectric properties of materials to other physical variables, such as density, porosity, cracking, lamination, and diffusion of contaminants into the material. The specific problem treated in this paper is in the measurement of moisture concentration distribution in transformer pressboard during the diffusion of water molecules from ambient transformer oil. The output of interdigital sensors is strongly influenced by the microgranularity of the material's surface. Although this dependence complicates interpretation of the measurements in some applications, the variation of the output may also be used to characterize the shape of the surface on the microscale.

scholarly journals QUANTUM MECHANISMS OF TRIBOSYSTEMS THERMODYNAMIC EVOLUTION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Lyubimov ◽  
V.L. Patsekha ◽  
A.V. Patsekha
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Case Data

It is noted that while analyzing the tribosystems evolution it is potentially productive to use the methods of modern thermodynamics, nonlinear mechanics and quantum theory. Using the understandings of nonlinear dynamics and quantum-exchange interaction of solids surfaces an analytical expression is obtained for calculating the magnitude change of the tribosystems entropy. The expression for estimating the change in the tribosystems entropy is explicitly contained the tribotechnical parameter that is reciprocal to the wear. The case of relation between the tribosystems entropy change (decrease) and its wear resistance is analytically confirmed. The analytical expression for estimating the entropy change contains only those mechanical and physical parameters that can be measured by using modern physical methods. This allows to do not only an experimental verification of the obtained analytical dependence but also numerically evaluate the influence of the parameters of the tribosystems basic elements and its operating modes on the entropy values. In addition, it is possible to evaluate the tribosystems evolution itself and its constituent elements in the direction of their development or degradation. The obtained in this case data will allow proposing corrective structural and technological measures aimed to extend operational life of degrading elements and the tribosystem as a whole.

scholarly journals A Review on Conduction Mechanisms in Dielectric Films

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Chien Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Conduction Mechanism ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Dielectric Films ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation Time ◽  
Trap Level ◽  
Dielectric Interface ◽  
Conduction Mechanisms ◽  
Limited Conduction

The conduction mechanisms in dielectric films are crucial to the successful applications of dielectric materials. There are two types of conduction mechanisms in dielectric films, that is, electrode-limited conduction mechanism and bulk-limited conduction mechanism. The electrode-limited conduction mechanism depends on the electrical properties at the electrode-dielectric interface. Based on this type of conduction mechanism, the physical properties of the barrier height at the electrode-dielectric interface and the effective mass of the conduction carriers in dielectric films can be extracted. The bulk-limited conduction mechanism depends on the electrical properties of the dielectric itself. According to the analyses of bulk-limited conduction mechanisms, several important physical parameters in the dielectric films can be obtained, including the trap level, the trap spacing, the trap density, the carrier drift mobility, the dielectric relaxation time, and the density of states in the conduction band. In this paper, the analytical methods of conduction mechanisms in dielectric films are discussed in detail.

Some Results of the Spectroscopic Study of Four Close Binary Systems of Early Spectral Types

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
T. S. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Spectral Type ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigation ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Absorption And Emission ◽  
Close Binary Systems ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

It is necessary to have quantitative estimates of the intensity of lines (both absorption and emission) to obtain the physical parameters of the atmosphere of components.Some years ago at the Crimean observatory we began the spectroscopic investigation of close binary systems of the early spectral type with components WR, Of, O, B to try and obtain more quantitative information from the study of the spectra of the components.

A theory of contamination in electron microscopes by surface diffusion

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
J.T. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Hydrocarbon Molecules ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
Long Chain

Contamination in electron microscopes can be a serious problem in STEM or in situations where a number of high resolution micrographs are required of the same area in TEM. In modern instruments the environment around the specimen can be made free of the hydrocarbon molecules, which are responsible for contamination, by means of either ultra-high vacuum or cryo-pumping techniques. However, these techniques are not effective against hydrocarbon molecules adsorbed on the specimen surface before or during its introduction into the microscope. The present paper is concerned with a theory of how certain physical parameters can influence the surface diffusion of these adsorbed molecules into the electron beam where they are deposited in the form of long chain carbon compounds by interaction with the primary electrons.

Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Linda Sicko-Goad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Phytoplankton Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

A New Numerical Model for Electron-Probe Analysis at High Depth Resolution

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 490-491
Author(s):  
P.-F. Staub ◽  
C. Bonnelle ◽  
F. Vergand ◽  
P. Jonnard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Surface Segregation ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Interface Phases ◽  
Excitation Conditions ◽  
High Depth

Characterizing dimensionally and chemically nanometric structures such as surface segregation or interface phases can be performed efficiently using electron probe (EP) techniques at very low excitation conditions, i.e. using small incident energies (0.5<E0<5 keV) and low incident overvoltages (1<U0<1.7). In such extreme conditions, classical analytical EP models are generally pushed to their validity limits in terms of accuracy and physical consistency, and Monte-Carlo simulations are not convenient solutions as routine tools, because of their cost in computing time. In this context, we have developed an intermediate procedure, called IntriX, in which the ionization depth distributions Φ(ρz) are numerically reconstructed by integration of basic macroscopic physical parameters describing the electron beam/matter interaction, all of them being available under pre-established analytical forms. IntriX’s procedure consists in dividing the ionization depth distribution into three separate contributions:

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