Exploring the Biophysical Interaction of 3-Pentadecylphenol with Head Group Region of Lipid Membrane using Fisetin as an Interfacial Membrane Probe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhili Mishra ◽  
Ashok Kumar Mishra ◽  
Jitendriya Swain
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Membrane Modification ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Membrane Probe ◽  
Interfacial Membrane

3-Pentadecylphenol (PDP) is a phenolic lipid easily available from natural sources. This compound has different pharmacological, biological and industrial applications. A molecular level understanding on the membrane modification properties of...

scholarly journals Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases in Bacteria: Active Site, Structure, Function and Application

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsuk Oh ◽  
T. Doohun Kim ◽  
Kyeong Kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Carboxylic Ester ◽  
Site Structure ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Carboxylic Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ester Hydrolases

Carboxylic ester hydrolases (CEHs), which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic esters to produce alcohol and acid, are identified in three domains of life. In the Protein Data Bank (PDB), 136 crystal structures of bacterial CEHs (424 PDB codes) from 52 genera and metagenome have been reported. In this review, we categorize these structures based on catalytic machinery, structure and substrate specificity to provide a comprehensive understanding of the bacterial CEHs. CEHs use Ser, Asp or water as a nucleophile to drive diverse catalytic machinery. The α/β/α sandwich architecture is most frequently found in CEHs, but 3-solenoid, β-barrel, up-down bundle, α/β/β/α 4-layer sandwich, 6 or 7 propeller and α/β barrel architectures are also found in these CEHs. Most are substrate-specific to various esters with types of head group and lengths of the acyl chain, but some CEHs exhibit peptidase or lactamase activities. CEHs are widely used in industrial applications, and are the objects of research in structure- or mutation-based protein engineering. Structural studies of CEHs are still necessary for understanding their biological roles, identifying their structure-based functions and structure-based engineering and their potential industrial applications.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY – AN OVERVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Anjali Priya ◽  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Nikhil Anand Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Entire Thickness

The electron microscope (EM) is one of the most widely used instruments in research laboratories and is central based to micro-structural analysis and therefore important to any investigation related to the processing. The SEM/TEM provides information relating to topographical features, morphology, phase distribution, compositional differences, crystal structure, crystal orientation, and the presence and location of various defects. The strength of the SEM lies in its inherent versatility due to the multiple signals generated, simple image formation process, wide magnification range, and excellent depth of field. Later The SEM has more than 300 times the depth of field of the light microscope. The higher magnifications of the SEM are rivaled only by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) which requires the electrons to penetrate through the entire thickness of the sample. TEM images allow researchers to view the samples on a molecular level, making it possible to analyze structures and texture clearer and resolute which is useful in the study of crystals and metals and also has industrial applications.  As a result, sample preparation of bulk materials through TEM is tedious and time-consuming compared to the ease of SEM sample preparation and may also damage the microstructure.

Investigations of Interactions Between Altretamine and Model Membranes: Spectroscopic and Calorimetric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
D. Bilge ◽  
N. Civelek ◽  
Z. Özçelik Çetinel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Model Membranes ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
Multilamellar Vesicles ◽  
Calorimetric Studies ◽  
Chain Lengths

Altretamine (ALT) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antineoplastic drug particularly used for ovarian cancer. This study examined, at a molecular level, the interactions of the drug with model membranes composed of phospholipids with different acyl chain lengths and head group charges at varied ALT concentrations based on temperature. For this purpose, spectroscopic studies of the liposomes in multilamellar vesicles form were conducted by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and their calorimetric studies were carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The results of the study showed that ALT clearly interacted with lipids and that these interactions were more significant in multilamellar vesicles made up of short chain phospholipids. Moreover, the results suggested that ALT settled into the tail group region, in particular the region that formed the hydrophobic part of lipids, and this effects the whole section of the membranes including glycerol backbones and head groups. This study is expected to contribute, on molecular level, to the studies on the knowledge of the mechanism in cancer, which is still very much a dangerous disease, and its related treatment.

scholarly journals Melittin Induces Local Order Changes in Artificial and Biological Membranes as Revealed by Spectral Analysis of Laurdan Fluorescence

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Bogdan Zorilă ◽  
George Necula ◽  
Mihai Radu ◽  
Mihaela Bacalum
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Local Order ◽  
Generalized Polarization ◽  
Membrane Probe ◽  
Area Per Lipid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Laurdan Fluorescence ◽  
Natural Lipid

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of molecules widely used in applications on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Independent of the peptide target, all of them need to first pass or interact with the plasma membrane of the cells. In order to have a better image of the peptide action mechanism with respect to the particular features of the membrane it is necessary to better understand the changes induced by AMPs in the membranes. Laurdan, a lipid membrane probe sensitive to polarity changes in the environment, is used in this study for assessing changes induced by melittin, a well-known peptide, both in model and natural lipid membranes. More importantly, we showed that generalized polarization (GP) values are not always efficient or sufficient to properly characterize the changes in the membrane. We proved that a better method to investigate these changes is to use the previously described log-normal deconvolution allowing us to infer other parameters: the difference between the relative areas of elementary peak (ΔSr), and the ratio of elementary peaks areas (Rs). Melittin induced a slight decrease in local membrane fluidity in homogeneous lipid membranes. The addition of cholesterol stabilizes the membrane more in the presence of melittin. An opposite response was observed in the case of heterogeneous lipid membranes in cells, the local order of lipids being diminished. RS proved to be the most sensitive parameter characterizing the local membrane order, allowing us to distinguish among the responses to melittin of both classes of membrane we investigated (liposomes and cellular membranes). Molecular simulation of the melittin pore in homogeneous lipid bilayer suggests that lipids are more closely packed in the proximity of the melittin pore (a smaller area per lipid), supporting the experimental observation.

scholarly journals Correlating steric hydration forces with water dynamics through surface force and diffusion NMR measurements in a lipid–DMSO–H2O system

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (34) ◽  
pp. 10708-10713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex M. Schrader ◽  
Stephen H. Donaldson ◽  
Jinsuk Song ◽  
Chi-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Dong Woog Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Dimethyl Phosphate ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Dmso Concentration

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a common solvent and biological additive possessing well-known utility in cellular cryoprotection and lipid membrane permeabilization, but the governing mechanisms at membrane interfaces remain poorly understood. Many studies have focused on DMSO–lipid interactions and the subsequent effects on membrane-phase behavior, but explanations often rely on qualitative notions of DMSO-induced dehydration of lipid head groups. In this work, surface forces measurements between gel-phase dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes in DMSO–water mixtures quantify the hydration- and solvation-length scales with angstrom resolution as a function of DMSO concentration from 0 mol% to 20 mol%. DMSO causes a drastic decrease in the range of the steric hydration repulsion, leading to an increase in adhesion at a much-reduced intermembrane distance. Pulsed field gradient NMR of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) head group analogs, dimethyl phosphate and tetramethylammonium ions, shows that the ion hydrodynamic radius decreases with increasing DMSO concentration up to 10 mol% DMSO. The complementary measurements indicate that, at concentrations below 10 mol%, the primary effect of DMSO is to decrease the solvated volume of the PC head group and that, from 10 mol% to 20 mol%, DMSO acts to gradually collapse head groups down onto the surface and suppress their thermal motion. This work shows a connection between surface forces, head group conformation and dynamics, and surface water diffusion, with important implications for soft matter and colloidal systems.

Binding of a Myristoylated Protein to the Lipid Membrane Influenced by Interactions with the Polar Head Group Region

Langmuir ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (46) ◽  
pp. 14022-14032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabella Brand ◽  
Dorota Matyszewska ◽  
Karl-Wilhelm Koch
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Polar Head Group ◽  
Polar Head

scholarly journals Chemistry of Organophosphonate Scale Growth Inhibitors: 2. Structural Aspects of 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-Tricarboxylic Acid Monohydrate (PBTC.H2O)

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos D. Demadis ◽  
Raphael G. Raptis ◽  
Peter Baran
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Network Of Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
And Function ◽  
Structural Aspects

Industrial water systems often suffer from undesirable inorganic deposits, such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate(s), magnesium silicate, and others. Synthetic water additives such as phosphonates and phosphonocarboxylates are the most important and widely utilized scale inhibitors in a plethora of industrial applications. The design of efficient and cost-effective inhibitors, as well as the study of their structure and function at the molecular level are important areas of research. This study reports the crystal and molecular structure of PBTC (PBTC = 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid), one of the most widely used scale inhibitors in the cooling water treatment industry. Triclinic PBTC monohydrate crystallizes in the P 1 space group with cell dimesions, a =7.671(1) Å, b = 8.680(1) Å, c = 9.886(1) Å, α = 65.518(2) deg, β = 71.683(2) deg, γ = 76.173(2) deg, V = 564.20(11) Å3, and Z = 2. Bond distances in the -PO3moiety are 1.4928(10) Å for the P=O double bond and 1.5294(10) Å and 1.5578(10) Å for the two -P-O(H) groups. P-C and C-O bond lengths fall in the normal range. A network of hydrogen bonds are formed between the water molecule of crystallization, the -P-OH and the -COOH groups.

scholarly journals Applications of Virtual Screening in Bioprospecting: Facts, Shifts, and Perspectives to Explore the Chemo-Structural Diversity of Natural Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kauê Santana ◽  
Lidiane Diniz do Nascimento ◽  
Anderson Lima e Lima ◽  
Vinícius Damasceno ◽  
Claudio Nahum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Compound Libraries ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties

Natural products are continually explored in the development of new bioactive compounds with industrial applications, attracting the attention of scientific research efforts due to their pharmacophore-like structures, pharmacokinetic properties, and unique chemical space. The systematic search for natural sources to obtain valuable molecules to develop products with commercial value and industrial purposes remains the most challenging task in bioprospecting. Virtual screening strategies have innovated the discovery of novel bioactive molecules assessing in silico large compound libraries, favoring the analysis of their chemical space, pharmacodynamics, and their pharmacokinetic properties, thus leading to the reduction of financial efforts, infrastructure, and time involved in the process of discovering new chemical entities. Herein, we discuss the computational approaches and methods developed to explore the chemo-structural diversity of natural products, focusing on the main paradigms involved in the discovery and screening of bioactive compounds from natural sources, placing particular emphasis on artificial intelligence, cheminformatics methods, and big data analyses.

Lipid phase dependent distinct emission behaviour of hydrophobic carbon dots: C-dots based membrane probe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya De ◽  
Avijit Maity ◽  
Debanjan Bagchi ◽  
Anjan Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Membrane Probe ◽  
Disordered Phase

We observe an unique distinct emission behaviour of hydrophobic carbon dots (H-CDs) embedded within the ordered and the disordered phase of the lipid membrane. The H-CDs exhibit the blue emission...

Recent updates on Sinularia soft coral

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Bahaa Elkhouly ◽  
Eman Zekry Attia ◽  
Amgad Ibrahim Mansour Khedr ◽  
Mamdouh Nabil Samy ◽  
Mostafa Ahmed Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

: Marine organisms are recognized as a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The remarkable abundance and diversity of bioactive small molecules isolated from soft corals displayed their essential role in drug discovery for human diseases. Sterols and terpenes, particularly cembranolides, 14-membered cyclic diterpene, demonstrated numerous biological activities, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-osteoporosis and anti-inflammatory. Accordingly, continuous investigation of marine soft corals will be the way for the discovery of a plentiful number of chemical diverse natural products with various biological potentials for prospective pharmaceutical industrial applications. Such review affords plenary inspection of the total secondary metabolites isolated from the Sinularia, from 2008 until 2020, besides their natural sources as well as bioactivities whenever possible.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document