Cancer Drug Screening with On-Chip Multi-Drug Dispenser in Digital Microfluidics

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Zhai ◽  
Caiwei Li ◽  
Haoran Li ◽  
Shuhong Yi ◽  
Ning Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Screening ◽  
Digital Microfluidics ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Number Of Cells

Microfluidics has been the most promising platform for drug screening with a limited number of cells. However, convenient on-chip preparation of a wide range of drug concentrations remains a large...

scholarly journals Organoid and Spheroid Tumor Models: Techniques and Applications

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Sreenivasulu Gunti ◽  
Austin T.K. Hoke ◽  
Kenny P. Vu ◽  
Nyall R. London
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Tumor Modeling ◽  
Conventional Cell ◽  
On Chip

Techniques to develop three-dimensional cell culture models are rapidly expanding to bridge the gap between conventional cell culture and animal models. Organoid and spheroid cultures have distinct and overlapping purposes and differ in cellular sources and protocol for establishment. Spheroids are of lower complexity structurally but are simple and popular models for drug screening. Organoids histologically and genetically resemble the original tumor from which they were derived. Ease of generation, ability for long-term culture and cryopreservation make organoids suitable for a wide range of applications. Organoids-on-chip models combine organoid methods with powerful designing and fabrication of micro-chip technology. Organoid-chip models can emulate the dynamic microenvironment of tumor pathophysiology as well as tissue–tissue interactions. In this review, we outline different tumor spheroid and organoid models and techniques to establish them. We also discuss the recent advances and applications of tumor organoids with an emphasis on tumor modeling, drug screening, personalized medicine and immunotherapy.

Turning on/off satellite droplet ejection for flexible sample delivery on digital microfluidics

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 3709-3719
Author(s):  
Haoran Li ◽  
Ren Shen ◽  
Cheng Dong ◽  
Tianlan Chen ◽  
Yanwei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Microfluidics ◽  
Electrode Design ◽  
Satellite Droplet ◽  
Electric Control ◽  
Droplet Ejection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Chip

Convenient electric control and electrode design allow flexible sample delivery on-chip in a wide range on microfluidics.

scholarly journals High-throughput tuning of ovarian cancer spheroids for on-chip invasion assays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchong Chen ◽  
Yong He ◽  
Elliot Lopez ◽  
Franck Carreiras ◽  
Ayako Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Type I ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Tumor Modeling ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Cancer Spheroids ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Invasion Assays

We developed an invasion assay by using microfabricated culture devices. First, ovarian tumor spheroids were generated with a culture patch device consisting of an agarose membrane formed with a honeycomb microframe, the patch, and gelatin nanofiber backbone. By changing the dimensions of the honeycomb compartments we were able to control the number of cells and size of the spheroids. When the spheroids were placed on a patch coated with a thin membrane of fibrillary type I collagen, spheroid disruption was observed due to substrate induced cell migration. This process is straightforward and should be applicable to other cancer types, as well as assays under microfluidic conditions, thereby holding the potential for use in tumor modeling and anti-cancer drug development.

On-chip anticancer drug screening – Recent progress in microfluidic platforms to address challenges in chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 236-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Dhiman ◽  
Peter Kingshott ◽  
Huseyin Sumer ◽  
Chandra S. Sharma ◽  
Subha Narayan Rath
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals In Vitro Synergistic Interactions of Isavuconazole and Echinocandins against Candida auris

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Unai Caballero ◽  
Sarah Kim ◽  
Elena Eraso ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
Valvanera Vozmediano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Model ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Kill

Candida auris is an emergent fungal pathogen that causes severe infectious outbreaks globally. The public health concern when dealing with this pathogen is mainly due to reduced susceptibility to current antifungal drugs. A valuable alternative to overcome this problem is to investigate the efficacy of combination therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro interactions of isavuconazole with echinocandins against C. auris. Interactions were determined using a checkerboard method, and absorbance data were analyzed with different approaches: the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), Greco universal response surface approach, and Bliss interaction model. All models were in accordance and showed that combinations of isavuconazole with echinocandins resulted in an overall synergistic interaction. A wide range of concentrations within the therapeutic range were selected to perform time-kill curves. These confirmed that isavuconazole–echinocandin combinations were more effective than monotherapy regimens. Synergism and fungistatic activity were achieved with combinations that included isavuconazole in low concentrations (≥0.125 mg/L) and ≥1 mg/L of echinocandin. Time-kill curves revealed that once synergy was achieved, combinations of higher drug concentrations did not improve the antifungal activity. This work launches promising results regarding the combination of isavuconazole with echinocandins for the treatment of C. auris infections.

scholarly journals Stimulant use still going strong

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Seivewright ◽  
Charles McMahon ◽  
Paul Egleston
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Paranoid Psychosis

Amphetamines, cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) have been prominent on the UK drugs scene over the past decade. Much cocaine is now in the form of ‘crack’, which produces particularly acute versions of well-known complications including paranoid psychosis, mood disorders and cardiovascular problems. Ecstasy has additional hallucinogenic properties, and the slightly different range of psychiatric effects can be long-lasting. Assessment for stimulant misuse should include drug screening more than is currently common in general settings. Management comprises psychosocial (particularly behavioural counselling) and pharmacological approaches. A wide range of dopaminergic and other medications have been studied in cocaine misuse, and specialised substitute prescribing may be appropriate for heavy amphetamine injecting. There has been recent focus on problems of dual diagnosis, with particular strategies required to address stimulant misuse by people with severe mental illnesses.

scholarly journals A versatile automated high-throughput drug screening platform for zebrafish embryos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lubin ◽  
Jason Otterstrom ◽  
Yvette Hoade ◽  
Ivana Bjedov ◽  
Eleanor Stead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Flexible Imaging ◽  
Automated Screening ◽  
Screening Platform

AbstractZebrafish provide a unique opportunity for drug screening in living animals, with the fast developing, transparent embryos allowing for relatively high throughput, microscopy-based screens. However, the limited availability of rapid, flexible imaging and analysis platforms has limited the use of zebrafish in drug screens. We have developed a easy-to-use, customisable automated screening procedure suitable for high-throughput phenotype-based screens of live zebrafish. We utilised the WiScan®Hermes High Content Imaging System to rapidly acquire brightfield and fluorescent images of embryos, and the WiSoft®Athena Zebrafish Application for analysis, which harnesses an Artificial Intelligence-driven algorithm to automatically detect fish in brightfield images, identify anatomical structures, partition the animal into regions, and exclusively select the desired side-oriented fish. Our initial validation combined structural analysis with fluorescence images to enumerate GFP-tagged haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the tails of embryos, which correlated with manual counts. We further validated this system to assess the effects of genetic mutations and x-ray irradiation in high content using a wide range of assays. Further, we performed simultaneous analysis of multiple cell types using dual fluorophores in high throughput. In summary, we demonstrate a broadly applicable and rapidly customisable platform for high content screening in zebrafish.

scholarly journals Ballota nigra L. – an overview of pharmacological effects and traditional uses

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Filip Przerwa ◽  
Arnold Kukowka ◽  
Izabela Uzar
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Upset Stomach ◽  
Potential Cancer

Abstract Ballota nigra, also known as black horehound is a common medical herb used in folk medicine around the world. First reported mentions of its medical properties and use goes as far as the 13th century. The use of black horehound depends on regions and countries. It is used mostly to treat e.g. mild sleep disorders, nervousness, upset stomach, wound healing. It can be used as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antifungal drug. Moreover, it has been reported as a potential cancer drug. This extensive usage is particularly interesting for us. The aim of this review is to present available data on B. nigra pharmacological effects and known traditional uses gathered from a wide range of scientific articles published in 1997–2020.

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