Use of cost-effective technologies for a routine clinical pathology laboratory

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Vazquez ◽  
L. Anfossi ◽  
Hader Ben-Yoav ◽  
Lorena Diéguez ◽  
Thomas Karopka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Pathology Laboratory

Classically, the need for highly sophisticated instruments with important economic costs has been a major limiting factor for clinical pathology laboratories, especially in developing countries. With the aim of making...

scholarly journals Comparison of saline, iodine and koh wet mount preparations for occurrence of parasites in stool samples from patients attending ICDDR,B

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Rimi Farhana Zaman ◽  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Shakila Nargis ◽  
Ponkoj Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Stool Samples

The purpose of the present study was to compare results of saline, iodine, and KOH wet mount preparations executed on each of 1116 stool samples from patients attending ICDDR,B clinical pathology laboratory was compared. Ascaris lumbricoides was most prevalent helminth (3.67%) found in KOH wet mount preparation. The protozoan parasites (9.59%) were more prevalent than helmiths (8.24%) and Giardia sp (4.03%) shows the higher infection found by KOH wet mount preparation. Females are more infected by parasites than males found in observations by all the three methods (saline, iodine and KOH wet mount preparation). It was also observed that the young (1- 10 years) were more infected than older age group (above 51). In seasonal variation, parasitic infestation was higher during May (27%) and the prevalence was lower in December (10%). KOH was found to be effective in destroying the faecal debris, faecal mass and other artifacts without affecting many of the parasitic ova, cysts and larvae in the stool smears. KOH for wet mount smear in examining the stool samples for detection of intestinal helminths may be routinely used which is simple, cost-effective and could be afforded in resource poor setting.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(2): 159-170, 2017

scholarly journals Advances in Environmental Detection and Clinical Diagnostic Tests for Legionella Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwari Vittal ◽  
Juliet Roshini Mohan Raj ◽  
Ballamoole Krishna Kumar ◽  
Indrani Karunasagar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Mild Fever

Abstract Legionella is a fastidious organism that is difficult to culture in the lab but is widely distributed in environmental, domestic, and hospital settings. The clinical manifestations due to Legionella infections range from mild fever to fatal pneumonia and multiorgan pathologies. Legionella outbreaks though prevalent globally are not reported in developing countries due to difficulties in isolating this organism and the lack of simple diagnostic protocols. Here, we review the literature from across countries to present various methods used to detect Legionella from environmental and clinical samples. We compare the sensitivity and the specificity of the conventional culture-based assays with the recent methods and discuss approaches to develop better detection and diagnostic tests. With better cost-effective detection techniques and regular monitoring of the susceptible sites, which may harbor Legionella colonies, most of the Legionella infections can be prevented. As a result, considerable burden, caused by Legionella infections, on the healthcare system, in especially economically weaker countries, can be mitigated.

scholarly journals Indispensability of Clinical Bioinformatics for Effective Implementation of Genomic Medicine in Pathology Laboratories

ACI Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. e167-e172
Author(s):  
Srikar Chamala ◽  
Siddardha Majety ◽  
Shesh Nath Mishra ◽  
Kimberly J. Newsom ◽  
Shaileshbhai Revabhai Gothi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Bioinformatics ◽  
Effective Implementation

AbstractPatient care is rapidly evolving toward the inclusion of precision genomic medicine when genomic tests are used by clinicians to determine disease predisposition, prognosis, diagnosis, and improve therapeutic decision-making. However, unlike other clinical pathology laboratory tests, the development, deployment, and delivery of genomic tests and results are an intricate process. Genomic technologies are diverse, fast changing, and generate massive data. Implementation of these technologies in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified and College of American Pathologists-accredited pathology laboratory often require custom clinical grade computational data analysis and management workflows. Additionally, accurate classification and reporting of clinically actionable genetic mutation requires well-curated disease/application-specific knowledgebases and expertise. Moreover, lack of “out of the box” technical features in electronic health record systems necessitates custom solutions for communicating genetic information to clinicians and patients. Genomic data generated as part of clinical care easily adds great value for translational research. In this article, we discuss current and future innovative clinical bioinformatics solutions and workflows developed at our institution for effective implementation of precision genomic medicine across molecular pathology, patient care, and translational genomic research.

scholarly journals Energy Retrofitting Opportunities Using Renewable Materials—Comparative Analysis of the Current Frameworks in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Darija Gajić ◽  
Slobodan Peulić ◽  
Tim Mavrič ◽  
Anna Sandak ◽  
Črtomir Tavzes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Eu Member States

Sustainable approaches for retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency are becoming necessary in a time when the building sector is the largest energy consumer. Retrofitting building stock is effective for reducing global energy consumption and decreasing resource exploitation. Less developed EU member states and neighboring developing countries show reluctance towards healthy and renewable materials. Implementation of sustainable materials for energy retrofitting is slowed down due to gaps in legislation and effective strategic programs, availability of bio-based materials, lack of knowledge regarding use and maintenance of renewable products, and marketing lobbies. Use of bio-based materials in refurbishment is important due to their negative or low global warming potential (GWP), low primary energy (PEI) need for production, cost-effective benefits, and recycling/reuse potential. Role of environmentally friendly solutions and low-carbon economy growth is particularly relevant in developing countries, such as Bosnia-Herzegovina, that cannot afford innovative energy recovery systems, yet possess a significant amount of poorly managed building stock. This research aims to analyze frameworks regarding retrofitting of residential buildings in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovenia. The analysis tackles indirect causes, studies the legal background, and examines strategic frameworks; thus, it indicates potential barriers for implementation of recommended retrofitting solutions based on renewable materials.

Automotive Industry in BRIC Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
S. Afanas'ev ◽  
V. Kondrat’ev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Future ◽  
Assembly Operations

For the next decade, the future of the automotive industry lies in BRIC’ countries. Together, Brazil, Russia, India, and China will account for some 30 percent of world auto sales in 2014 while also offering significant opportunities for cost-effective R&D, sourcing, and manufacturing. The authors analyze the degree of localization of leading TNC and supplies in each BRIC country, for each function, compare localization across BRIC countries, assess the future development of these markets, compare local capabilities and resources, and identify particularly promising combinations of functions and countries. Key trends in developing countries include continuing liberalization and globalization, increased foreign investment and ownership, and the increasing importance of follow-source and follow-design forces. The article concerns the trends and factors of national automotive industry formation in BRIC countries. Special emphasis is made on localization of R&D activities, final assembly operations and components production by global automotive companies in BRIC countries. It systemizes the factors of investment opportunities of different developing markets. It is concluded that active state regulation is playing the principle role in localization and catching-up process in automotive industry in developing countries. The comparison of the automotive industry in BRIC countries allows shedding light on the economic processes of emergence at large. There is a stark contrast in the capacities of development of the sector in these countries. This contrast serves as an analyzer between the modes of sector opening and the paths of technological catching-up that is the core of the phenomenon of emergence. The analysis and best practices presented in the topic, while focusing on the BRIC countries, are applicable also to other rapidly developing economies.

Foreign nurse recruitment

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Christine Delucas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Healthcare Crisis ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
Foreign Nurse

Recruitment of nurses by industrialized nations from developing countries has been common practice for decades. Globalization, a crucial trend of the 21st century, raises the world’s awareness of the economic and social disparities between nations. The direct impact on nurse emigration emphasizes the ethical, economic, and social inequalities between source and destination countries. It is often more cost-effective for industrialized countries to recruit from developing countries; however, the depletion of source country resources has created a global healthcare crisis. Destination countries are being challenged on the ethical implications of aggressive recruitment and their lack of developing a sustainable self-sufficient domestic workforce. Similarly, source countries are confronting the same challenges as they struggle to fund and educate adequate numbers of nurses for domestic needs and emigrant replacement. This article will review the ethical, economic, and social impacts of continued unrestricted international recruitment of nurses and present a proposal for development of an international treaty addressing global sustainability.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA DI INSTALASI LABORATORIUM

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Amiroh Kurniati ◽  
Tahono Tahono
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Installation ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Manpower Needs

Human resources (HR) planning is associated with an institution’s strategic plan, so the study of the required number of support personnel is in line with the direction of business development planning of the Laboratory Installation Unit. WISN (work load indicator staff need) method is a calculation based on the analysis of health manpower needs of the workload (work load analysis) and is considered as the most accurate method to calculate labour requirements in short-term. Based on the results of the analysis of manpower needs at the Laboratory Installation of Lung Health of the Community Hall Surakarta, it is known that there is still a lack of a number of five (5) persons of the health laboratory staff. The persons still lacking consist of: one (1) laboratory person related to clinical pathology laboratory, one (1) laboratory person for smear microscopy laboratory, and still three (3) microbiology laboratory persons. These persons are needed to be able to carry out the activities for a good laboratory service, and quality which is in accordance with the related applicable standards.

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