Controlled phase synthesis of VmOn in differing oxidation states using a simplified formic acid process, quantified with a new generalized index designed for use with public domain material process information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henam Sylvia Devi ◽  
Akshita Mishra ◽  
Md Samim Reza ◽  
Parvez Akhtar ◽  
Henam Premananda Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Vanadium Oxides ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Green Index ◽  
Material Process ◽  
Acid Process

This work reports a simplified low-cost environmentally benign synthetic process for the production of pure or nearly pure phase vanadium oxides in three different oxidation states, and quantifies the sustainability of the process with a green index.

Iron Phosphates as Cathodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries

2006 ◽  
Vol 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijun Wang ◽  
M. Stanley Whittingham
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Iron Phosphates ◽  
Electrochemical Capacity ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Olivine Structure

ABSTRACTThis study focusses on optimizing the parameters of the hydrothermal synthesis to produce iron phosphates for lithium ion batteries, with an emphasis on pure LiFePO4 with the olivine structure and compounds containing a higher iron:phosphate ratio. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is a promising cathode candidate for lithium ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, environmentally benign and the low cost of starting materials. Well crystallized LiFePO4 can be successfully synthesized at temperatures above 150 °C. The addition of a reducing agent, such as hydrazine, is essential to minimize the oxidation of ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric (Fe3+) in the final compound. The morphology of LiFePO4 is highly dependent on the pH of the initial solution. This study also investigated the lipscombite iron phosphates of formula Fe1.33PO4OH. This compound has a log-like structure formed by Fe-O octahedral chains. The chains are partially occupied by the Fe3+ sites, and these iron atoms and some of the vacancies can be substituted by other cations. Most of the protons can be ion-exchanged for lithium, and the electrochemical capacity is much increased.

A Facile Preparation of Environmentally-Benign and Flame-Retardant Coating on Wood by Comprising Polysilicate and Boric Acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihao Wang ◽  
Shuheng Wang ◽  
Dan Meng ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Chenzhong Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Wood Sample ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Wood Combustion ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Index Value

Abstract For the sake of direct using on the built wooden buildings, a green flame resistance coating comprising sodium polysilicate (SPS) and boric acid was prepared. With weight gain of only 10 wt.%, the treated wood sample (SPS/B-wood) performed improved limiting oxygen index value of 40.3% and passed the V-0 rating in UL-94 test. Additionally, the total heat release, total smoke production and peak carbon monoxide production of SPS/B-wood sample were decreased by 24.5%, 36.0% and 59.4% respectively, compared with that of control wood sample. The residue of SPS/B-wood sample was increased to 54.0% from 18.4% of control wood sample at 800oC in the thermogravimetry analysis. The flame retardant mechanism was suggested that SPS and boric acid formed Si-O-B and Si-O-Si contained structures, isolating the heat and smoke transfer during wood combustion. Notably, NaOH, introduced by the SPS/B coating, catalyzed the lignin to form compact and high-quality char. To conclude, this low-cost and easily-operated coating has a promising future utilizing in the villages with dense wood buildings.

scholarly journals Low cost DNA data storage using photolithographic synthesis and advanced information reconstruction and error correction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp L. Antkowiak ◽  
Jory Lietard ◽  
Mohammad Zalbagi Darestani ◽  
Mark M. Somoza ◽  
Wendelin J. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Sheet Music ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Sequence Error ◽  
Dna Storage ◽  
Directed Synthesis

Abstract Due to its longevity and enormous information density, DNA is an attractive medium for archival storage. The current hamstring of DNA data storage systems—both in cost and speed—is synthesis. The key idea for breaking this bottleneck pursued in this work is to move beyond the low-error and expensive synthesis employed almost exclusively in today’s systems, towards cheaper, potentially faster, but high-error synthesis technologies. Here, we demonstrate a DNA storage system that relies on massively parallel light-directed synthesis, which is considerably cheaper than conventional solid-phase synthesis. However, this technology has a high sequence error rate when optimized for speed. We demonstrate that even in this high-error regime, reliable storage of information is possible, by developing a pipeline of algorithms for encoding and reconstruction of the information. In our experiments, we store a file containing sheet music of Mozart, and show perfect data recovery from low synthesis fidelity DNA.

Combinatorial Synthesis of Exohedrally Modified Fullerene Derivatives

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1910-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Kawamura ◽  
Yasuyuki Akai ◽  
Masao Tsukayama
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Combinatorial Synthesis ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Azomethine Ylide ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Compound Library ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Fullerene Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range

Fulleropyrrolidines have been very welcomed in a community of a fullerene science. But sometimes the synthesis ends up with disappointing yields of the products. In order to overcome the problem and to explore more environmentally benign method for synthesizing fullerene derivatives having various attachment on the surface of the fullerenes, a solid-phase synthesis is examined. We found that the dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide, i.e., 2-phenyl-N-benzylideneglycine methyl ester, supported on a Wang resin, proceeded feasibly with C 60 and the objective fulleropyrrolidines were afforded in good yields (>75%). The method is expected to be utilized with wide range of application and it is therefore able to provide a compound library of modified fullerenes which is hard to obtain by other methods employed so far.

scholarly journals Green and efficient three-component synthesis of 4H-pyran catalysed by CuFe 2 O 4 @starch as a magnetically recyclable bionanocatalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 200385
Author(s):  
Maryam Kamalzare ◽  
Mohammad Bayat ◽  
Ali Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Benign Nature ◽  
Catalytic Behaviour ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Derivatives Of

The development of simple, practical and inexpensive catalysis systems using natural materials is one of the main goals of pharmaceutical chemistry as well as green chemistry. Owing to the ability of easy separation of nanocatalyst, those goals could be approached by applying heterogeneous bionanocatalyst in combination with magnetic nanoparticles. Starch is one of the most abundant natural polymers; therefore, preparing bionanocatalyst from starch is very valuable as starch is largely available and inexpensive. An ecologically benign and efficacious heterogeneous nanocatalyst was prepared based on a biopolymer, and its attributes and morphology were specified by using Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements; followed by studying catalytic behaviour of bionanocomposite in a multicomponent reaction to synthesize of 4H-pyran derivatives. 4H-pyran is extremely valuable in pharmaceutical chemistry, and the development of methods for synthesis of different derivatives of 4H-pyran is momentous. Revealing environmentally benign nature, mild condition, easy work-up, low cost and non-toxicity are some of the advantages of this protocol. Besides, the bionanocomposite was recovered using an external magnetic bar and could be re-used at least six times with no further decrease in its catalytic activity.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanism Study of Green Aragonite Crystals from Waste Biomaterials as Calcium Supplement

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5062
Author(s):  
Lulit Habte ◽  
Mohd Danish Khan ◽  
Natnael Shiferaw ◽  
Adeeba Farooq ◽  
Mee-hye Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Aragonite Crystal ◽  
Crystal Growth Mechanism

In present work, environmentally benign green aragonite crystals were synthesized from waste chicken eggshells and bivalve seashells through a simple and low-cost wet carbonation method. This method involves a constant stirring of calcium oxide slurry and magnesium chloride suspension in aqueous solution with constraint carbon dioxide injection at 80 °C. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized aragonite were further compared with the aragonite synthesized from commercial calcium oxide. The morphological analysis, such as acicular shape and optimum aspect ratio (~21), were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The average crystal size (10–30 µm) and specific surface area (2–18 m2 g−1) were determined by particle size and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, respectively. Moreover, a schematic crystal growth mechanism was proposed to demonstrate the genesis and progression of aragonite crystal. Green aragonite can bridge the void for numerous applications and holds the potential for the commercial-scale synthesis with eggshells and bivalve seashells as low-cost precursors.

Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM): a novel organocatalyst for a environmentally benign synthesis of medicinally important tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and pyran-annulated heterocycles

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 4452-4463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil S. Pandit ◽  
Pramod V. Chavan ◽  
Uday V. Desai ◽  
Makarand A. Kulkarni ◽  
Prakash P. Wadgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Green Catalyst ◽  
Benign Synthesis

Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM): a novel, low cost, green catalyst for the synthesis of medicinally important pyrans and pyran-annulated heterocycles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document