Zeaxanthin Ameliorates Obesity by Activating β3-adrenergic Receptor to Stimulate Inguinal Fat Thermogenesis and Modulating Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahan Xie ◽  
Liu Meihong ◽  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Zhibo Jin ◽  
Fengtao Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Plant Pigment

Stimulating fat thermogenesis and modulating gut microbiota is a promising therapeutic strategy against obesity. Zeaxanthin (ZEA), a plant pigment that belongs to carotenoids, has been shown to prevent various diseases,...

scholarly journals Adrenergic receptor antagonism induces neuroprotection and facilitates recovery from acute ischemic stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (22) ◽  
pp. 11010-11019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromu Monai ◽  
Xiaowen Wang ◽  
Kazuko Yahagi ◽  
Nanhong Lou ◽  
Humberto Mestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Ischemic Brain

Spontaneous waves of cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) are induced in the setting of acute focal ischemia. CSD is linked to a sharp increase of extracellular K+ that induces a long-lasting suppression of neural activity. Furthermore, CSD induces secondary irreversible damage in the ischemic brain, suggesting that K+ homeostasis might constitute a therapeutic strategy in ischemic stroke. Here we report that adrenergic receptor (AdR) antagonism accelerates normalization of extracellular K+, resulting in faster recovery of neural activity after photothrombotic stroke. Remarkably, systemic adrenergic blockade before or after stroke facilitated functional motor recovery and reduced infarct volume, paralleling the preservation of the water channel aquaporin-4 in astrocytes. Our observations suggest that AdR blockers promote cerebrospinal fluid exchange and rapid extracellular K+ clearance, representing a potent potential intervention for acute stroke.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Enhance Effect of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Wu ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Bo Zheng ◽  
Xinyao Qiu ◽  
Hongyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Treatment Complication ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
The Relationship

Accumulating evidence demonstrated the crucial role of gut microbiota in many human diseases, including cancer. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has emerged as a novel treatment and has been clinically accepted as a major therapeutic strategy for cancer. Gut microbiota is related to cancer and the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and supplement with specific bacterial species can restore or enhance the responses to the ICIs. Namely, specified bacteria can serve as the biomarkers for distinguishing the patient who will respond to ICIs and determine the effectiveness of ICIs, as well as predicting the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Regardless of the significant findings, the relationship between gut microbiota and the effect of ICIs treatment needs a more thorough understanding to provide more effective therapeutic plans and reduce treatment complication. In this review, we summarized the role of gut microbiota played in immune system and cancer. We mainly focus on the relationship between gut microbiota and the checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Gut and Brain: Investigating Physiological and Pathological Interactions Between Microbiota and Brain to Gain New Therapeutic Avenues for Brain Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Deidda ◽  
Manuele Biazzo
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Brain

Brain physiological functions or pathological dysfunctions do surely depend on the activity of both neuronal and non-neuronal populations. Nevertheless, over the last decades, compelling and fast accumulating evidence showed that the brain is not alone. Indeed, the so-called “gut brain,” composed of the microbial populations living in the gut, forms a symbiotic superorganism weighing as the human brain and strongly communicating with the latter via the gut–brain axis. The gut brain does exert a control on brain (dys)functions and it will eventually become a promising valuable therapeutic target for a number of brain pathologies. In the present review, we will first describe the role of gut microbiota in normal brain physiology from neurodevelopment till adulthood, and thereafter we will discuss evidence from the literature showing how gut microbiota alterations are a signature in a number of brain pathologies ranging from neurodevelopmental to neurodegenerative disorders, and how pre/probiotic supplement interventions aimed to correct the altered dysbiosis in pathological conditions may represent a valuable future therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota regulates neuropathic pain: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Lin ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Piao Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Yuan ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy

scholarly journals Microbiota-Mitochondria Inter-Talk: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Teresa Vezza ◽  
Zaida Abad-Jiménez ◽  
Miguel Marti-Cabrera ◽  
Milagros Rocha ◽  
Víctor Manuel Víctor
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Shed Light

The rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern worldwide. New discoveries in the field of metagenomics and clinical research have revealed that the gut microbiota plays a key role in these metabolic disorders. The mechanisms regulating microbiota composition are multifactorial and include resistance to stress, presence of pathogens, diet, cultural habits and general health conditions. Recent evidence has shed light on the influence of microbiota quality and diversity on mitochondrial functions. Of note, the gut microbiota has been shown to regulate crucial transcription factors, coactivators, as well as enzymes implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. Moreover, microbiota metabolites seem to interfere with mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress and autophagosome formation, thus regulating the activation of the inflammasome and the production of inflammatory cytokines, key players in chronic metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the association between intestinal microbiota and mitochondrial function and examines the mechanisms that may be the key to their use as potential therapeutic strategies in obesity and T2D management.

scholarly journals Functional heterogeneity in the fermentation capabilities of the healthy human gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gurry ◽  
Le Thanh Tu Nguyen ◽  
Xiaoqian Yu ◽  
Eric J Alm
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

AbstractThe human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals. However, relatively little is known about functional differences in its ability to ferment complex polysaccharides. Through ex vivo measurements from healthy human donors, we show that individuals vary markedly in their microbial metabolic phenotypes (MMPs), mirroring differences in their microbiota composition, and resulting in the production of different quantities and proportions of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) from the same inputs. We also show that aspects of these MMPs can be predicted from composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. From experiments performed using the same dietary fibers in vivo, we demonstrate that an ingested bolus of fiber is almost entirely consumed by the microbiota upon passage. We leverage our ex vivo data to construct a model of SCFA production and absorption in vivo, and argue that inter-individual differences in quantities of absorbed SCFA are directly related to differences in production. Taken together, these data suggest that personalized dietary fiber supplementation based on an individual’s MMP is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating diseases associated with SCFA production.

scholarly journals Probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in obesity and overweight: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
X.M. Tomé-Castro ◽  
M. Rodriguez-Arrastia ◽  
D. Cardona ◽  
L. Rueda-Ruzafa ◽  
G. Molina-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Obesity And Overweight

Obesity and overweight are two of the most health challenges with an increasing prevalence in recent years, in which several complications have been identified to have a high impact in patients’ health conditions. In this vein, an increasing interest in the gut microbiota has emerged as a target for therapeutic strategies in obesity and overweight due to its direct relation with the aforementioned health conditions and complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in the management of obesity and overweight. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials was carried out in 6 databases until May 2019 to assess the use of probiotics in obesity and overweight patients. The Jadad Scale was used to assess the quality of the clinical trials. Twenty-three clinical trials published between 2000 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. The role of probiotics in reducing body mass index and weight as well as changing the visceral abdominal fat area, waist and hip circumference were shown in 14 of 23 trials (60.87%); 14 trials (60.87%) showed changes on patients’ fatty acids and biomarkers; and 4 trials (17.39%) studied the role of the gut microbiota in obese and overweight patients. Some probiotics strains are shown to be effective in reducing body mass index and hip circumference. This review provides evidence of successful results in weight loss using probiotic groups.

scholarly journals New insights into the links with anti-diabetes drugs and gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixin Hu ◽  
Yanting Yuan ◽  
Chaolong Liu ◽  
Ji Zhou ◽  
Lixia Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Anti Inflammation

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the intestinal flora is out of balance and accompanied by leaky gut. The flora is characterized by an increase in mucus-degrading bacteria and a decrease in fiber-degrading bacteria. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as the major fiber-degrading bacteria fermentation, not only ameliorate the leaky gut, but also activate GPR43 to increase the mass of functional pancreatic β-cells and exert anti-inflammation effect. At present, the gut microbiota is considered as the potential target for anti-diabetes drugs, and how to reverse the imbalance of gut microbiota has become a therapeutic strategy for T2DM. This review briefly summarizes the drugs or compounds that have direct or potential therapeutic effects on T2DM by modulating the gut microbiota, including biguanides, isoquinoline alkaloids, stilbene and C7N-aminocyclic alcohols.

scholarly journals Maternal microbiota Bifidobacterium promotes placental vascularization, nutrient transport and fetal growth in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Lopez-Tello ◽  
Zoe Schofield ◽  
Raymond Kiu ◽  
Matthew J. Dalby ◽  
Douwe van Sinderen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Nutrient Transporter ◽  
Hepatic Transcriptome ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Made In

The gut microbiota plays a central role in regulating host metabolism. However, while substantial progress has been made in discerning how the microbiota influences host functions post birth and beyond, little has been carried out into understanding how key members of the maternal gut microbiota can influence feto-placental growth. Here, using germ-free and specific-pathogen-free mice, we demonstrate that the bacterium Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 modulates maternal body adaptations, placental vasculature growth and nutrient transporter capacity, with implications for fetal metabolism and growth. The effects of B. breve UCC2003 on feto-placental growth are mediated, in part, by changes in the maternal and placental metabolome (i.e. acetate and carnitine). Analysis of placental vascular bed confirmed that Bifidobacterium improves fetal capillary elongation via changes in Igf2P0, Dlk1 and Mapk14 expression. Additionally, B. breve UCC2003, acting through Slc2a1 and Fatp3-4 transporters, was shown to restore fetal glycaemia and improve fetal growth in association with changes in the fetal hepatic transcriptome. This study provides knowledge towards a novel and safe therapeutic strategy for treating pregnancy disorders via modulation of the maternal gut microbiota.

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