Possible regulation of liver glycogen structure through the gut-liver axis by resistant starch: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Hu ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Yingyong Hou
Keyword(s):  
Normal State ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Glycogen Particles ◽  
Α Particles

Liver glycogen α particles in diabetic patients are fragile relative to those in healthy individuals, and restoring these fragile glycogen particles to a normal state shows potential to contribute to...

scholarly journals Elabela levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: can it be a marker for diabetic nephropathy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 833-840
Author(s):  
Erhan Onalan ◽  
Yusuf Doğan ◽  
Ebru Onalan ◽  
Nevzat Gozel ◽  
Ilay Buran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Group 2

Backround: Elabela (ELA) is a hormone that is secreted at high levels in the kidneys of a healthy adult. This study aims to investigate whether serum ELA levels of patients with Type 2 Diabetes vary with the severity of renal damage. Methods: Our study included 50 healthy control subjects and 100 diabetic patients, who were categorized into groups based on urine albumin/creatinine ratios (ACR). Patients included in the study were assigned to four groups: Group 1 (healthy control), Group 2 (ACR<29mg/g), Group 3 (ACR=30-299 mg/g), and Group 4 (ACR>300 mg/g normal or high serum creatinine). Physical examination findings, demographic characteristics of the study group were recorded, and serum ELA levels and other laboratory parameters were assessed using appropriate methods. Results: The results of the study indicated that ELA levels determined in healthy individuals gradually decreased through stages of normal albuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Moreover, ELA had a significant negative corre- lation with LDL-C (r=-0.201, p=0.014), glucose (r=-0.437, P<0.001), retinopathy (r=-0.222, P=0.006), serum BUN (r=- 0.161, P=0.049), and a positive correlation with eGFR (r=0.250, P=0.002). Conclusions: The fact that ELA levels are higher in healthy individuals compared to diabetic patients without microalbu- minuria, and higher in diabetic patients without microalbuminuria compared to patients with advanced albuminuria and kidney damage, suggests that the ELA level can be an important clinical prognostic variable and even a promising agent for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy patients. Keywords: Elabela, diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, albuminuria.

scholarly journals A new fructose-free, resistant-starch type IV-enriched enteral formula improves glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk biomarkers when administered for six weeks to elderly diabetic patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Mesa García ◽  
Cruz Erika García-Rodríguez ◽  
María de la Cruz Rico ◽  
Concepción María Aguilera ◽  
Milagros Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Enteral Formula ◽  
Risk Biomarkers

scholarly journals The Association of Food Insecurity, Inflammation, and Several Socioeconomic Factors with Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Janzadeh ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽  
Maryam Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Control Study

Background: Considering that food insecurity can be a precursor to health and nutrition problems, determining its associated factors seems necessary in any society. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the food insecurity, c-reactive protein (CRP), and some socio-economic factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The present study was conducted on 200 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 200 healthy individuals within the age range of 30 to 59 years. Food security was assessed using the US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security questionnaire. Anthropometric index, physical activity, and biochemical factors were measured by questionnaire and blood test. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was 71% within the diabetic patients, of which, 65.5% had food insecurity without hunger, 3.5% had food insecurity with moderate hunger, and 2% had food insecurity with severe hunger. In addition, 24.9% of the participants were healthy. The level of fasting blood glucose and inflammatory factors (CRP, WBC) were significantly higher in food insecure participants compared to the healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that food insecurity, BMI > 25, occupational status, economic status, and education level were significantly correlated with T2DM (P < 0.001). Conclusion: As a result, health care providers should take measures to reduce the food insecurity in the community, specifically within T2DM patients. To this end, the individuals' economic status should be improved and the household food patterns should be modified.

scholarly journals Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor (SGLT2i) as a Primary Preventative Agent in the Healthy Individual: A Need of a Future Randomised Clinical Trial?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Xu ◽  
Owain Chandler ◽  
Cleo Wee ◽  
Chau Ho ◽  
Jacquita S. Affandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a relatively novel class of drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that inhibits glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule to promote glycosuria and reduce blood glucose levels. SGLT2i has been clinically indicated for treating T2DM, with numerous recent publications focussing on both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal events in Type 2 diabetic patients. The most recent clinical trials showed that SGLT2i have moderately significant beneficial effects on atherosclerotic major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with histories of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this review and analysis, SGLT2i have however demonstrated clinically significant benefits in reducing hospitalisation for heart failure and worsening of chronic kidney disease (CKD) irrespective of pre-existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or previous heart failure history. A meta-analysis suggests that all SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated the therapeutic benefit on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as shown in EMPAREG OUTCOME study with a significant decrease in myocardial infarction, without increased stroke risk. All the above clinical trial recruited type 2 diabetic patients. This article aims to postulate and review the possible primary prevention role of SGLT2i in healthy individuals by reviewing the current literature and provide a prospective overview. The emphasis will include primary prevention of Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Failure, CKD, Hypertension, Obesity and Dyslipidaemia in healthy individuals, whom are defined as healthy, low or intermediate risks patients.

scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of Resistant Starch Type 2: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Snelson ◽  
Jessica Jong ◽  
Deanna Manolas ◽  
Smonda Kok ◽  
Audrey Louise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes

Published evidence exploring the effects of dietary resistant starch (RS) on human cardiometabolic health is inconsistent. This review aimed to investigate the effect of dietary RS type 2 (RS2) supplementation on body weight, satiety ratings, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance and lipid levels in healthy individuals and those with overweight/obesity, the metabolic syndrome (MetS), prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between 1982 and 2018, with trials eligible for inclusion if they reported RCTs involving humans where at least one group consumed ≥ 8 g of RS2 per day and measured body weight, satiety, glucose and/or lipid metabolic outcomes. Twenty-two RCTs involving 670 participants were included. Meta-analyses indicated that RS2 supplementation significantly reduced serum triacylglycerol concentrations (mean difference (MD) = −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI −0.19, −0.01, P = 0.03) in healthy individuals (n = 269) and reduced body weight (MD = −1.29 kg; 95% CI −2.40, −0.17, P = 0.02) in people with T2DM (n = 90). However, these outcomes were heavily influenced by positive results from a small number of individual studies which contradicted the conclusions of the majority of trials. RS2 had no effects on any other metabolic outcomes. All studies ranged from 1–12 weeks in duration and contained small sample sizes (10–60 participants), and most had an unclear risk of bias. Short-term RS2 supplementation in humans is of limited cardiometabolic benefit.

Simplified Primary Screening Procedure for Detection of Hyperlipidemias in Healthy Individuals

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1463-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald S Berenson ◽  
S R Srinivasan ◽  
P S Pargaonkar ◽  
B Radhakrishnamurthy ◽  
Edward R Dalferes
Keyword(s):  
Present Method ◽  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Adults And Children

Abstract A simplified primary screening procedure is described for determining serum β- plus pre-β-lipoproteins, which is more rapid and less expensive than cholesterol or triglyceride determinations. This method is based on the ability of β- and pre-β-lipoproteins to form insoluble complexes with heparin in presence of Ca2+. Comparison with analytical ultracentrifugation indicated the accuracy of concentrations determined by the present method. This method was used to screen a group of healthy adults and children and diabetic patients. The results show that measuring serum β- plus pre-β-lipoprotein concentrations may be more useful for screening and detecting subtle abnormalities than is determination of either cholesterol or triglyceride.

scholarly journals Conjunctival bacterial flora in diabetic patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmun Nahar ◽  
Shaheda Anwar ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conjunctival Flora

Conjunctival flora refers to population of microorganisms that dwell within the eyes of healthy individuals and is important in maintaining a healthy ocular surface and normal conjunctival function. Conjunctival flora may be altered by a variety of factors that include age, immunosuppression and geography. Immune function is compromised in diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to see the pattern of conjunctival bacterial flora in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. This cross sectional study was carried out in BSMMU during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. Total 500 conjunctival swabs were collected from both eyes of 50 diabetic patients attending OPD of Endocrinology Department of BSMMU and 200 non-diabetic individuals. Significant number of culture was positive in diabetic patients (64.0%) compared to that of non-diabetic individuals (38.0%). Staphylococcus epidermidis was predominant in both study groups (diabetic vs non-diabetic: 41.3% vs 65.26%). Staphylococcus aureus (15.22%), Escherichia coli (6.52%) and Enterobacter (8.33%) were isolated in diabetic patients. Rate of positive culture in both and single eyes were higher in diabetic (28%, 36.0%) than that of non-diabetic individuals (9.5%, 28.5%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v7i1.17698 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2013; 7(1): 5-8

scholarly journals Effect of l-Carnitine on Acetyl-CoA Content and Activity of Blood Platelets in Healthy and Diabetic Persons

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1673-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Michno ◽  
Anna Raszeja-Specht ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowska-Kulawy ◽  
Tadeusz Pawełczyk ◽  
Andrzej Szutowicz
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Cytoplasmic Compartment

Abstract Background: Excessive blood platelet activity contributes to vascular complications in diabetic persons. Increased acetyl-CoA in platelets from diabetic persons has been suggested to be a cause of this hyperactivity. We therefore investigated whether l-carnitine, which up-regulates metabolism of acetyl-CoA in muscles and brain, may affect platelet function in healthy and diabetic individuals. Methods: We obtained platelets from healthy and diabetic persons and measured acetyl-CoA concentrations, malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) synthesis, and platelet aggregation in the absence and presence of l-carnitine. Activities of selected enzymes involved in glucose and acetyl-CoA metabolism were also assessed. Results: Fasting glucose, fructosamine, and hemoglobin A1c were present in significantly higher amounts in the blood of diabetic patients than in healthy individuals. Activities of carnitine acetyltransferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and fatty acid synthase were 17%–62% higher in platelets from diabetic patients. Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA was increased by 98% in platelets from diabetic patients, MDA synthesis was increased by 73%, and platelet aggregation by 60%. l-Carnitine had no or only a slight effect on these indices in platelets from healthy individuals, but in platelets from diabetic patients, l-carnitine caused a 99% increase in acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasmic compartment along with increases in MDA synthesis and platelet aggregation. Conclusions: Excessive platelet activity in persons with diabetes may result from increased acetyl-CoA, which apparently increases synthesis of lipid activators of platelet function. l-Carnitine may aggravate platelet hyperactivity in diabetic persons by increasing the provision of surplus acetyl-CoA to the cytoplasmic compartment.

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