Inhibition of the intestinal postprandial glucose transport by gallic acid and gallic acid derivatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
huijun Wang ◽  
Mark I Fowler ◽  
David J Messenger ◽  
Jose Juan Ordaz-Ortiz ◽  
Xuelan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Sodium Dependent

Inhibition of glucose uptake in the intestine through sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) or glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) may be beneficial in controlling postprandial blood glucose levels. Gallic acid and...

Formulation and evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of repaglinide nanosuspension

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Hemalatha S ◽  
Monisha J
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes is one of those metabolic disorders that are typically characterized by an increase in blood glucose level, glycosuria and ketonemia. This widely spread disease and its complications result in thickening of vascular tissue, PVD, neuropathy and retinopathy. Repaglinide is the first member of the newer class of drugs that are designed to lower the postprandial glucose. The most prevalent problem faced by those drugs are very low solubility and thereby causing the oral delivery very inefficient leading to low bioavailability and improper dose and release proportionality. Research attempts are being put towards enhancing the oral bioavailability of repaglinide kind of lipophilic drugs to improve the clinical effect. Out of those methods to improve the solubility and bioavailability, Nano suspensions have been a promising method to facilitate the above problem. Nano suspensions can be applied to enhance the solubility of Repaglinide too. So, in this research, Repaglinide particle size reduction has been performed, and nanosuspensions were tested for their clinical efficacy invivo. A nanoprecipitation method was developed to prepare Repaglinide nanosuspension using poloxamer as a stabilizer. The prepared formulations had been tested for the clinical efficacy invivo in albino Wistar rats. The results showed that the nanosuspensions have been very efficient in lowering the postprandial blood glucose levels and also facilitated the consistent release of the drug, which is evident from the constant lowering of glucose level. The prepared nanosuspensions showed a very potent and found to clinically efficient compared to the pure drug and drug suspensions.

scholarly journals Pengaruh lama mengunyah terhadap kadar glukosa postprandial dewasa obesitas

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Arin Wulansari ◽  
Fryta Ameilia Luthfinnisa ◽  
Fuadah Uyun ◽  
Dwi Retnoningrum ◽  
Fifin Luthfia Rahmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Cephalic Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Obesity cause various physiological changes in the body, one of which is insulin resistance causes high blood glucose levels. Chewing is a stimulus of cephalic phase responses and sensory stimulation that can increase hormones releasing such as insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Chewing plays important role in determining postprandial plasma glucose concentration.Objective: Investigate the effect of chewing on postprandial blood glucose in obese adults.Method: This was true experimental research. Research subjects were treated in the form of chewing 22 times and 40 times each mouthful. Blood glucose levels were measured using glucometer on fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes. Statistical test using Independent t-test.Results: The mean postprandial glucose levels in the 22 chews group at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes were 112.11 ± 14.3328, 126.11 ± 15.667, 116.94 ± 15.539, and 89.67 ± 11.668 . While the mean postprandial blood glucose levels in the 40 chews group at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes were 122.22 ± 14.381, 129.61 ± 15.112, 109.50 ± 14.995, and 85.83 ± 13.963. There were statistically significant differences between chewing groups 22 times and chewing 40 times on fasting blood glucose and 15 minutes postprandial blood glucose (p = 0.041 and p = 0.042), while on 30 minutes postprandial glucose testing, 60 minutes , and 120 minutes there was no significant difference (p> 0.05).Conclusion: There was significant differences in 15 minutes postprandial blood glucose level between group 22 times chewing and 40 times chewing each mouthful.

scholarly journals Clinical Update on Optimal Prandial Insulin Dosing Using a Refined Run-to-Run Control Algorithm

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Zisser ◽  
Cesar C. Palerm ◽  
Wendy C. Bevier ◽  
Francis J. Doyle ◽  
Lois Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Prandial Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: This article provides a clinical update using a novel run-to-run algorithm to optimize prandial insulin dosing based on sparse glucose measurements from the previous day's meals. The objective was to use a refined run-to-run algorithm to calculate prandial insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios (I:CHO) for meals of variable carbohydrate content in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Method: The open-labeled, nonrandomized study took place over a 6-week period in a nonprofit research center. Nine subjects with T1DM using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion participated. Basal insulin rates were optimized using continuous glucose monitoring, with a target fasting blood glucose of 90 mg/dl. Subjects monitored blood glucose concentration at the beginning of the meal and at 60 and 120 minutes after the start of the meal. They were instructed to start meals with blood glucose levels between 70 and 130 mg/dl. Subjects were contacted daily to collect data for the previous 24-hour period and to give them the physician-approved, algorithm-derived I:CHO ratios for the next 24 hours. Subjects calculated the amount of the insulin bolus for each meal based on the corresponding I:CHO and their estimate of the meal's carbohydrate content. One- and 2-hour postprandial glucose concentrations served as the main outcome measures. Results: The mean 1-hour postprandial blood glucose level was 104 ± 19 mg/dl. The 2-hour postprandial levels (96.5 ± 18 mg/dl) approached the preprandial levels (90.1 ± 13 mg/dl). Conclusions: Run-to-run algorithms are able to improve postprandial blood glucose levels in subjects with T1DM.

scholarly journals Estriol blunts postprandial blood glucose rise in male rats through regulating intestinal glucose transporters

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (5) ◽  
pp. E370-E379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Yamabe ◽  
Ki Sung Kang ◽  
Woojung Lee ◽  
Su-Nam Kim ◽  
Bao Ting Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Despite increased total food intake in healthy, late-stage pregnant women, their peak postprandial blood sugar levels are normally much lower than the levels seen in healthy nonpregnant women. In this study, we sought to determine whether estriol (E3), an endogenous estrogen predominantly produced during human pregnancy, contributes to the regulation of the postprandial blood glucose level in healthy normal rats. In vivo studies using rats showed that E3 blunted the speed and magnitude of the blood glucose rise following oral glucose administration, but it did not appear to affect the total amount of glucose absorbed. E3 also did not affect insulin secretion, but it significantly reduced the rate of intestinal glucose transport compared with vehicle-treated animals. Consistent with this finding, expression of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 and 2 was significantly downregulated by E3 treatment in the brush-border membrane and basolateral membrane, respectively, of enterocytes. Most of the observed in vivo effects were noticeably stronger with E3 than with 17β-estradiol. Using differentiated human Caco-2 enterocyte monolayer culture as an in vitro model, we confirmed that E3 at physiologically relevant concentrations could directly inhibit glucose uptake via suppression of glucose transporter 2 expression, whereas 17β-estradiol did not have a similar effect. Collectively, these data showed that E3 can blunt the postprandial glycemic surge in rats through modulating the level of intestinal glucose transporters.

Association of Acrochordons with Diabetes Mellitus - A Hospital based Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Sunita Karki ◽  
Anjan Rai ◽  
Manish Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Skin Tags ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

Introduction Acrochordons or skin tags are common benign cutaneous tumors that occur especially over the neck and major flexures. A possible association between diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia is observed in numerous past studies with varying results. We aim to find out the association of diabetes mellitus with acrochordons Methods: One hundred patients were enrolled in our study. Among them, 50 (27 males and 23 females) with skin tags were selected as cases and 50 with other dermatologic diseases after matching age and gender were taken as controls. Blood glucose levels including both fasting and postprandial glucose levels were determined for both cases and controls and compared. Results: There was a higher frequency of Diabetes Mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with skin tags in comparison to controls (p<0.001). Moreover, there were higher odds of acquiring skin tags in patient with abnormal blood glucose levels. Conclusions: There is an increased risk of developing DM in patients with skin tags. It is highly recommended that suspicion for Diabetes Mellitus is to be done in patients with skin tags for early screening and diagnosis of Diabetes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels in different pre-clinical models

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Any de Castro Ruiz Marques ◽  
Fabiana Percinoto Monteiro Schiavon ◽  
Patricia Batista Travassos ◽  
Vanessa Fontana Eik ◽  
Guilherme Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Additional benefit of higher dose green tea in lowering postprandial blood glucose

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Lahirin ◽  
Inge Permadhi ◽  
Ninik Mudjihatini ◽  
Rahmawaty Ridwan ◽  
Ray Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Additional Benefit ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Sodium Dependent

Background: Green tea contains catechins that have inhibitory effects on amylase, sucrase, and sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) which result in lowering of postprandial blood glucose (PBG). This beneficial effect has been widely demonstrated using the usual dose (UD) of green tea preparation. Our study was aimed to explore futher lowering of PBG using high dose (HD) of green tea in healthy adolescents. Methods: 24 subjects received 100 mL infusion of either 0.67 or 3.33 grams of green tea with test meal. Fasting, PBG at 30, 60, 120 minutes were measured. Subjects were cross-overed after wash out. PBG and its incremental area under the curve (IAUC) difference between groups were analyzed with paired T-test. Cathecin contents of tea were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The PBG of HD group was lower compared to UD (at 60 minutes =113.70 ± 13.20 vs 124.16 ± 8.17 mg/dL, p = 0.005; at 120 minutes = 88.95 ± 6.13 vs 105.25 ± 13.85 mg/dL, p < 0.001). The IAUC of HD was also found to be lower compared to UD (2055.0 vs 3411.9 min.mg/dL, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Additional benefit of lowering PBG can be achieved by using higher dose of green tea. This study recommends preparing higher dose of green tea drinks for better control of PBG.

Effect of Addition of WZB117 as an Inhibitor of Glucose Transporter 1 for Venous Blood Glucose Determination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yaqiong Ran ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Qianna Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Glucose Determination ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Glucose Determination

Abstract Objective Sodium fluoride (NaF) has been applied to inhibit glycolysis in venous specimens for decades. However, it has had little effect on the rate of glycolysis in the first 1 to 2 hours, resulting in a decrease of glucose, so a more efficient method is needed. Recently, we discovered that WZB117, a specific Glut1 inhibitor, restricts glycolysis by inhibiting the passive sugar transport of human red blood cells and cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of intravenous blood glucose determination after the addition of WZB117. Methods Venous specimens from 40 pairs of healthy volunteers were collected for several days and placed in tubes containing NaF plus EDTA-disodium (Na2) without WZB117 (the A group); citric acid, trisodium citrate, and EDTA-Na2 without WZB117 (B group); and NaF plus EDTA-Na2 with WZB117 (C group). The glucose concentration was measured after venipuncture and compared with test tubes treated for 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours before centrifugation. Glucose level was determined by the hexokinase method. The paired t-test was used to examine differences in glucose values at baseline and at different time points. The number of misdiagnoses and the misdiagnosis rate were calculated at 2 diagnostic stages: high risk of diabetes (glucose level of 6.1 mmol/L) and diagnosis of diabetes (glucose level of 7.0 mmol/L). Results Glucose levels decreased by 1.0% at 1 hour and by 2.1% at 3 hours in the C group tubes and simultaneously decreased by 1.7% at 1 hour and by 2.5% at 3 hours in the B group tubes. In contrast, glucose levels decreased by 4.1% at 1 hour and by 6.3% at 3 hours in the A group tubes. There was a statistically significant difference in glucose levels measured in the A group tubes and B group tubes at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours. The misdiagnosis rate of clinical diagnosis in diabetes was highest in the A group tubes (7.0‰ at 1 hour, 0.1‰ at 3 hours at 7.0 mmol/L point; 14.6‰ at 1 hour, 0.4‰ at 3 hours at 6.1 mmol/L point) and lowest in the C group tubes (2.95‰ at 1 hour, 0‰ at 3 hours at 7.0 mmol/L point; 4.8‰ at 1 hour, 0.1‰ at 3 hours at 6.1 mmol/L point). Conclusion The tube addition of WZB117 is more suitable for minimizing glycolysis and has no effect on glucose levels even if specimens are left uncentrifuged for up to 3 hours.

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