A theoretical approach to evaluate and understand electrical properties of electrode materials of batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatef Yousefi Mashhour ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Kalantarian
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Semiconductor Junction

A noble evaluation approach of electrical properties is proposed for electrode materials of batteries (and the other similar electrochemical systems), assuming reacted-unreacted structure interface acts as a semiconductor junction. Density...

scholarly journals One-Step Preparation of Biochar Electrodes and Their Applications in Sediment Microbial Electrochemical Systems

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Kui You ◽  
Zihan Zhou ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Qiao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Composite Cathodes ◽  
One Step ◽  
Microbial Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Hot Melt

Biochar is a kind of carbon-rich material formed by pyrolysis of biomass at high temperature in the absence or limitation of oxygen. It has abundant pore structure and a large surface area, which could be considered the beneficial characteristics for electrodes of microbial electrochemical systems. In this study, reed was used as the raw material of biochar and six biochar-based electrode materials were obtained by three methods, including one-step biochar cathodes (BC 800 and BC 700), biochar/polyethylene composite cathodes (BP 5:5 and BP 6:4), and biochar/polyaniline/hot-melt adhesive composite cathode (BPP 5:1:4 and BPP 4:1:5). The basic physical properties and electrochemical properties of the self-made biochar electrode materials were characterized. Selected biochar-based electrode materials were used as the cathode of sediment microbial electrochemical reactors. The reactor with pure biochar electrode (BC 800) achieves a maximum output power density of 9.15 ± 0.02 mW/m2, which increases the output power by nearly 80% compared with carbon felt. When using a biochar/polyaniline/hot-melt adhesive (BPP 5:1:4) composite cathode, the output power was increased by 2.33 times. Under the premise of ensuring the molding of the material, the higher the content of biochar, the better the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. The treatment of reed powder before pyrolysis is an important factor for the molding of biochar. The one-step molding biochar cathode had satisfactory performance in sediment microbial electrochemical systems. By exploring the biochar-based electrode, waste biomass could be reused, which is beneficial for the environment.

scholarly journals Microbial Electrochemical Systems: Principles, Construction and Biosensing Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Rabeay Y.A. Hassan ◽  
Ferdinando Febbraio ◽  
Silvana Andreescu
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Microbial Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Selection Of

Microbial electrochemical systems are a fast emerging technology that use microorganisms to harvest the chemical energy from bioorganic materials to produce electrical power. Due to their flexibility and the wide variety of materials that can be used as a source, these devices show promise for applications in many fields including energy, environment and sensing. Microbial electrochemical systems rely on the integration of microbial cells, bioelectrochemistry, material science and electrochemical technologies to achieve effective conversion of the chemical energy stored in organic materials into electrical power. Therefore, the interaction between microorganisms and electrodes and their operation at physiological important potentials are critical for their development. This article provides an overview of the principles and applications of microbial electrochemical systems, their development status and potential for implementation in the biosensing field. It also provides a discussion of the recent developments in the selection of electrode materials to improve electron transfer using nanomaterials along with challenges for achieving practical implementation, and examples of applications in the biosensing field.

Levinas on the Problem of Language

2018 ◽  
pp. 748-768
Author(s):  
William Large
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Way Of Thinking

This chapter discusses the problem of language in Levinas’s philosophy regarding methodology. Ethics, for Levinas, happens in everyday speech, where the Other demands a response from me. How he describes this relation presents methodological problems for Levinas, because it is resistant to any kind of theoretical approach, including phenomenology. Any writing about ethics, including Levinas’s, would immediately be its betrayal. This chapter describes Levinas’s account of language in Totality and Infinity, the issues that remain there, which it highlights through Blanchot’s and Derrida’s discussion of Levinas’s work. It also outlines a different way of thinking about the alterity of Other that is suggested in Totality and Infinity but comes to the fore in Otherwise Than Being, which is not as an opposition between speech and the visible, but enunciation (the saying) and the sayable (the said).

Electrical Properties of ZrO2 /Al2 O3 /ZrO2 -Based Capacitors with TiN, Ru, and TiN/Ru Top Electrode Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1800356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woongkyu Lee ◽  
Cheol Hyun An ◽  
Sijung Yoo ◽  
Woojin Jeon ◽  
Min Jung Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electrode Materials

Leakage from Electrified Metal Plates and Points placed above and below Uninsulated Flames

1899 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Lord Kelvin ◽  
Magnus Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Bunsen Burner ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Burning Charcoal ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
To Receive

§ 1. In § 10 of our paper “On Electrical Properties of Fumes proceeding from Flames and Burning Charcoal,” communicated to this Society on 5th April, results of observations on the leakage between two parallel metal plates with an initial difference of electric potential of 6·2 volts between them, when the fumes from flames and burnings were allowed to pass between them and round them, were given. The first part (§§ 1–4) of the present short paper gives results of observations on the leakage between two copper plates 1 centimetre apart, when one of them is kept at a constant high positive or negative potential; and the other, after being metallically connected with the electrometer-sheath, is disconnected, and left to receive electricity through fumes between the two.The method of observation (see fig. 1) was as follows:—Two copper plates were fixed in a block of paraffin at the top of a round tinned iron funnel 96 centimetres long and 15·6 centimetres internal diameter. A spirit-lamp or a Bunsen burner, the only two flames used in these experiments, was placed at the bottom of the funnel, 86 centimetres below the two copper plates. One terminal of a voltaic battery was connected to one plate, B, and the other terminal was connected to the sheath of a Kelvin quadrant electrometer. The other copper plate was connected to one of the pair of quadrants of the electrometer in such a way that by pulling a silk cord with a hinged platinum wire at its end, this copper plate and this pair of quadrants could be insulated from the sheath of the electrometer and the rest of the apparatus.

scholarly journals Investigation of electrical properties of PANI/chalcogenide junctions

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-773
Author(s):  
Vinodini Shaktawat ◽  
Dinesh Patidar ◽  
Kananbala Sharma ◽  
Narendra Saxena ◽  
Thansewar. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rectification Ratio ◽  
Rectification Effect ◽  
Conducting Polyaniline ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Chalcogenide Materials ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation Technique ◽  
Protonic Acids

AbstractPure Polyaniline (EB) and Polyaniline doped with different protonic acids (ESs) were chemically synthesized using ammonium peroxydisulphate (APS) as an oxidant. Junctions have been prepared by evaporating chalcogenide materials (ZnSe, CdSe) on conducting polyaniline (EB & ESs) pellets using a vacuum evaporation technique. I–V characteristics of junctions have been studied at room temperature using the Keithley electrometer 6517A. I–V measurements show the rectification effect. A junction of ES[PO43−] may be preferred over the other junctions due to its low ideality factor and maximum rectification ratio.

Understanding Disgust in Nursing: Abjection, Self, and the Other

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Holmes ◽  
Amélie Perron ◽  
Patrick O’Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
War Zones ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Sexual Health Clinics

From the seeming chaos of war zones and emergency rooms to the ritualized order of forensic psychiatric settings and sexual health clinics, nurses often experience feelings of disgust and repulsion in their practice. For these intense feelings to occur, an abject object must exist. Cadaverous, sick, disabled bodies, troubled minds, wounds, vomit, feces, and so forth are all part of nursing work and threaten the clean and proper bodies of nurses. The unclean side of nursing is rarely accounted for in academic literature: it is silenced. Using a theoretical approach, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate how fruitful the concept of abjection is in understanding nurses’ reactions of disgust and repulsion regarding particular patients or clinical situations.

Three Dimensional Structure-Electrical Properties of Oriented PPV and PANI Films

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runqing Ou ◽  
Robert J. Samuels ◽  
Rosario A. Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Planar Structure ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Phenylene Vinylene ◽  
Random Orientation ◽  
Waveguide Coupler ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Oriented Films

In this paper the influence of anisotropic molecular structure on the three dimensional electrical properties of both poly(phenylene vinylene), (PPV), and polyaniline, (PANI) oriented films is investigated. The anisotropic structure of the stretched PPV and PANI EB films were examined using a modified waveguide coupler while three dimensional impedance spectroscopy measurements were made using specially designed test fixtures that allowed the in-plane as well as the through-plane impedance to be measured. The unstretched PANI EB film has a random orientation and one-way stretching leads to a uniaxial structure. The unstretched PPV film, on the other hand, was found to have a highly planar structure and oneway stretching converts the planar structure to a uniaxial structure. Impedance measurements were made on PANI after it was doped with HCl while PPV films were measured in the undoped state. For HCl-doped PANI films, the conductivity along the stretch direction was found to increase with orientation. For undoped PPV films, the conductivity through the film thickness direction decreased with increasing orientation. For both polymers, the in-plane conductivity was significantly greater than the through-plane conductivity.

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