The dual function of impurity on protein crystallization

CrystEngComm ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yan Zhang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Xianglong Wu ◽  
Tuo-Di Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Stress ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Protein Crystallization ◽  
Dual Function

It is widely believed that high purity protein is critical to crystallization, and crystallization is facilitated when protein is pure enough. Impurity can induce lattice strain, internal stress, and rotation...

Constructing oxygen vacancy-enriched Fe2O3@NiO heterojunctions for highly efficient electrocatalytic alkaline water splitting

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Sang ◽  
Xi Cao ◽  
Gaofei Ding ◽  
Zixuan Guo ◽  
Yingying Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Vacancy ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
High Purity Hydrogen

Electrolysis of water to produce high-purity hydrogen is a very promising method. The development of green, high-efficiency, long-lasting and low-cost dual function electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen...

Synchrotron Radiation Study on Alloy 617 and Alloy 230 for VHTR Application

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Mo ◽  
Hsiao-Ming Tung ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Weiying Chen ◽  
Jon B. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Applied Stress ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alloy 617 ◽  
X Ray

High-energy synchrotron radiation has proven to be a powerful technique for investigating fundamental deformation processes for various materials, particularly metals and alloys. In this study, high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate Alloy 617 and Alloy 230, both of which are top candidate structural materials for the Very-High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR). Uniaxial tensile experiments using in-situ high-energy X-ray exposure showed the substantial advantages of this synchrotron technique. First, the small volume fractions of carbides, e.g. ∼6% of M6C in Alloy 230, which are difficult to observe using lab-based X-ray machines or neutron scattering facilities, were successfully examined using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Second, the loading processes of the austenitic matrix and carbides were separately studied by analyzing their respective lattice strain evolutions. In the present study, the focus was placed on Alloy 230. Although the Bragg reflections from the γ matrix behave differently, the lattice strain measured from these reflections responds linearly to external applied stress. In contrast, the lattice strain evolution for carbides is more complicated. During the transition from the elastic to the plastic regime, carbide particles experience a dramatic loading process, and their internal stress rapidly reaches the maximum value that can be withstood. The internal stress for the particles then decreases slowly with increasing applied stress. This indicates a continued particle fracture process during plastic deformations of the γ matrix. The study showed that high-energy synchrotron X-ray radiation, as a non-destructive technique for in-situ measurement, can be applied to ongoing material research for nuclear applications.

A Review of Solvent Freeze-Out Technology for Protein Crystallization

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ming ◽  
Ming-Fu Zhu ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Qing-Bin Liu ◽  
Wen-Hua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
High Purity ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Protein Crystallization ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Freeze Out

The demand for proteins with high purity, high activity and high stability is increasing, especially in the biopharmaceutical industry. Traditional industrial protein production technologies include chromatography, which is expensive, and...

Synchrotron Radiation Study on Alloy 617 and Alloy 230 for VHTR Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Mo ◽  
Hsiao-Ming Tung ◽  
Jonathon Almer ◽  
Meimei Li ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Applied Stress ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alloy 617 ◽  
X Ray

High-energy synchrotron radiation has proven to be a powerful technique for investigating fundamental deformation processes for various materials, particularly metals and alloys. In this study, high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate Alloy 617 and Alloy 230, both of which are top candidate structural materials for the very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR). Uniaxial tensile experiments using in-situ high-energy X-ray exposure showed the substantial advantages of this synchrotron technique. First, the small volume fractions of carbides, e.g., ∼6% of M6C in Alloy 230, which are difficult to observe using laboratory-based X-ray machines or neutron scattering facilities, were successfully examined using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Second, the loading processes of the austenitic matrix and carbides were separately studied by analyzing their respective lattice strain evolutions. In the present study, the focus was placed on Alloy 230. Although the Bragg reflections from the γ matrix behave differently, the lattice strain measured from these reflections responds linearly to external applied stress. In contrast, the lattice strain evolution for carbides is more complicated. During the transition from the elastic to the plastic regime, carbide particles experience a dramatic loading process, and their internal stress rapidly reaches the maximum value that can be withstood. The internal stress for the particles then decreases slowly with increasing applied stress. This indicates a continued particle fracture process during plastic deformations of the γ matrix. The study showed that high-energy synchrotron X-ray radiation, as a nondestructive technique for in-situ measurement, can be applied to ongoing material research for nuclear applications.

Effect of Internal Stress on Lattice Strain in Relaxed Heat Set PET Filaments

1985 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anqiu Zhang ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Chengxun Wu ◽  
Linyang Zhou ◽  
Liang Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Stress ◽  
Lattice Strain

Observations oh Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Nickel

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
J. L. Brimhall ◽  
H. E. Kissinger ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Fluence ◽  
Neutron Exposure ◽  
Growth Of Voids

Some information on the size and density of voids that develop in several high purity metals and alloys during irradiation with neutrons at elevated temperatures has been reported as a function of irradiation parameters. An area of particular interest is the nucleation and early growth stage of voids. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the microstructure in high purity nickel after irradiation to a very low but constant neutron exposure at three different temperatures.Annealed specimens of 99-997% pure nickel in the form of foils 75μ thick were irradiated in a capsule to a total fluence of 2.2 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1.0 MeV). The capsule consisted of three temperature zones maintained by heaters and monitored by thermocouples at 350, 400, and 450°C, respectively. The temperature was automatically dropped to 60°C while the reactor was down.

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