N-heterocyclic Carbenes Meet Toll-like Receptors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishwar Singh ◽  
Dianne Lee ◽  
Shuaishuai Huang ◽  
Hridaynath Bhattacharjee ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Heterocyclic Carbenes ◽  
Bacteria Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Gold Chemistry

Combining stability of the N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and broad-spectrum recognition of toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins, we report new electrochemical biosensors for bacteria detection. Instead of traditional thiol-gold chemistry, newly synthesized...

scholarly journals Toll-like receptors mediate induction of hepcidin in mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curry L. Koening ◽  
Jennifer C. Miller ◽  
Jenifer M. Nelson ◽  
Diane M. Ward ◽  
James P. Kushner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Hepcidin Expression ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Secondary Consequence

Hepcidin is the major regulator of systemic iron homeostasis in mammals. Hepcidin is produced mainly by the liver and is increased by inflammation, leading to hypoferremia. We measured serum levels of bioactive hepcidin and its effects on serum iron levels in mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Bioactive hepcidin was elevated in the serum of mice resulting in hypoferremia. Infected mice produced hepcidin in both liver and spleen. Both intact and sonicated B burgdorferi induced hepcidin expression in cultured mouse bone marrrow macrophages. Hepcidin production by cultured macrophages represents a primary transcriptional response stimulated by B burgdorferi and not a secondary consequence of cytokine elaboration. Hepcidin expression induced by B burgdorferi was mediated primarily by activation of Toll-like receptor 2.

scholarly journals Expression and Function of Toll-Like Receptors in Eosinophils: Activation by Toll-Like Receptor 7 Ligand

2003 ◽  
Vol 171 (8) ◽  
pp. 3977-3982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nagase ◽  
Shu Okugawa ◽  
Yasuo Ota ◽  
Masao Yamaguchi ◽  
Hideyuki Tomizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals IMPACTOS DA DELEÇÃO DO RECEPTOR TLR4 NA FERTILIDADE DE CAMUNDONGOS FÊMEAS ADULTAS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio Panzera Gonçalves ◽  
Breno Augusto Magalhães ◽  
Paulo Henrique Almeida Campos Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Tnf Α

Introdução:Novos avanços na Biologia Molecular demostram que várias proteínas inicialmente relacionadas com processos imunológicos têm participação em outros eventos fisiológicos. Os Toll-like Receptors (TLR) são proteínas transmembranares e intracelulares envolvidas no reconhecimento de diferentes padrões moleculares associados a patógenos (PAMPs) e na ativação do sistema imune inato. O Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) é mais conhecido por seu protagonismo no reconhecimento de lipopolissacarídeos de origem bacteriana, entretanto estudos moleculares demonstram que esse receptor pode impactar a fertilidade feminina, já que é expresso por células da granulosa de camundongos C57BL/6, induz a expressão de citocinas e quimiocinas pró-inflamatórias, como TNF-α, IL-6, CCL5, e IFN-1, e participa da expansão do complexo células do cumulus-oócito, ovulação, interação materno-fetal e parto prematuro.Objetivos:O presente estudo investigou os efeitos da deleção genética de TLR4 na foliculogênese, ovulação e fertilidade de camundongos através de análises de cruzamentos reprodutivos, responsividade ovariana e quantificações foliculares em camundongos fêmeas adultas TLR4-/- e C57BL/6 (tipo selvagem - WT).Material e Métodos:Ovários de fêmeas WT e TLR4-/- foram coletados e preparados para análises histológicas e quantificação folicular. Foram obtidos os números de folículos e as taxas de atresia e recrutamento folicular. Para avaliar a responsividade ovariana às gonadotropinas, o número de oócitos ovulados foi obtido após superovulação. Para avaliar a fertilidade feminina, fêmeas TLR4-/- foram mantidas com machos WT. Após eutanásia foram obtidos o número de fetos por ninhada, a taxa de prenhez e a porcentagem de fetos com restrição de crescimento intrauterino.Resultados:Fêmeas TLR4-/- apresentaram maior número de folículos primordiais, primários, secundários e antrais, maior taxa de recrutamento e menor taxa de atresia folicular, menor número de oócitos ovulados, menor taxa de prenhez e maior número de fetos com restrição de crescimento intrauterino.Conclusão:Os resultados sugerem que o TLR4 desempenha um papel importante na regulação da foliculogênese murina determinando a reserva folicular ovariana. Além disso, sua deleção pode afetar a ovulação, o crescimento fetal e potencialmente diminuir a fertilidade feminina.

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptor Expression of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treated Bone Marrow Donors

Acta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Tekin Aksu ◽  
Neslihan Karakurt ◽  
İrem Akar ◽  
Yasin Köksal ◽  
Fatih M. Azık ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Objective: The present study was planned to examine the expression of Toll-like receptors on human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a result of in-vivo exposure to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with or without exposure of the cells to Toll-like receptors agonists. Materials and Methods: Toll-like receptor 2, 3, and 4 expressions of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from healthy human bone marrow donors exposed to in-vivo granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were analyzed, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor untreated donors served as controls. Also, mesenchymal stem cells were stimulated in-vitro by Toll-like receptor agonists to observe the changes in the expression of the Toll-like receptors. Results: Mesenchymal stem cells obtained from both granulocyte colony-stimulating factor exposed or unexposed donors showed a low level of Toll-like receptor 2, 4 expressions by flow cytometry, whereas Toll-like receptor 3 expression was higher. Lipopolysaccharide was used as an agonist, but no significant difference was observed in the Toll-like receptor 2, 4 expressions, both in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor exposed and unexposed groups. Stimulation of cells with Toll-like receptor 3 ligand was associated with a statistically significant decrease in Toll-like receptor 3 expressions, which was more profound in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor unexposed cells. Conclusion: We have shown that human bone marrow-derived culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells express Toll-like receptor 3, whether in-vivo granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treated or untreated. Besides, the Toll-like receptor 3 agonist’s effect in lowering the expression levels was more significant in cells that were not exposed to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Additionally, detection of low expression of the pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor 4 versus higher levels of Toll-like receptor 3 supports literature regarding the immunosuppressive characteristics of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Modulation of the expression of the Toll-like receptor of mesenchymal stem cells with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or agonists may have implications in allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapies.

Conserved and distinct aspects of the avian Toll-like receptor (TLR) system: implications for transmission and control of bird-borne zoonoses

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boyd ◽  
V.J. Philbin ◽  
A.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
And Control ◽  
Distinct Features

This mini-review focuses on recent research with avian TLRs (Toll-like receptors), highlighting shared and distinct features compared with the more intensively studied mammalian TLR. These include the avian TLR repertoire and the response to various agonists. Studies with avian TLR can be applied to development of new approaches to control diseases of birds and is especially relevant to bird-borne zoonoses including avian influenza, Salmonella and Campylobacter.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Regulation by Toll-Like Receptors in the Brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Mallard
Keyword(s):  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Receptor Ligands ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cerebral Inflammation ◽  
The Brain

The innate immune system plays an important role in cerebral health and disease. In recent years the role of innate immune regulation by toll-like receptors in the brain has been highlighted. In this paper the expression of toll-like receptors and endogenous toll-like receptor ligands in the brain and their role in cerebral ischemia will be discussed. Further, the ability of systemic toll-like receptor ligands to induce cerebral inflammation will be reviewed. Finally, the capacity of toll-like receptors to both increase (sensitization) and decrease (preconditioning/tolerance) the vulnerability of the brain to damage will be disclosed. Studies investigating the role of toll-like receptors in the developing brain will be emphasized.

scholarly journals Sublethal Infection of C57BL/6 Mice with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Leads to an Increase in Levels of Toll-Like Receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR2, and TLR9 mRNA as Well as a Decrease in Levels of TLR6 mRNA in Infected Organs

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1873-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Tötemeyer ◽  
Pete Kaiser ◽  
Duncan J. Maskell ◽  
Clare E. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Strong Inflammatory Response

ABSTRACT Sublethal infection of C57BL/6 mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium M525P initiates a strong inflammatory response. We measured organ expression of mRNA for Toll-like receptors and their associated signaling molecules during S. enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. During infection, the Toll-lie receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR2, and TLR9 mRNA levels increased, while TLR6 mRNA expression decreased.

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptors in Innate Immunity: Role of Bacterial Endotoxin and Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Endometrium and Endometriosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleque Newaz Khan ◽  
Michio Kitajima ◽  
Koichi Hiraki ◽  
Akira Fujishita ◽  
Ichiro Sekine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxin ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4
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