Synthesis of acetic acid from CO2, CH3I and H2 using a water-soluble electron storage catalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yatabe ◽  
Kazuki Kamitakahara ◽  
Kaede Higashijima ◽  
Tatsuya Ando ◽  
Takahiro Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Metal Centre ◽  
Electron Storage ◽  
Storage Catalyst

A rational design of the electron storage catalyst is demonstrated. This design confirms our long-standing confidence in the advantages of water solubility, metal centre as a point for storing electrons from H2, and electron-withdrawing ligand.

C–H Arylation of Benzene with Aryl Halides using H2 and a Water‐Soluble Rh‐Based Electron Storage Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yatabe ◽  
Tamon Tome ◽  
Yukina Takahashi ◽  
Takahiro Matsumoto ◽  
Ki-Seok Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aryl Halides ◽  
Electron Storage ◽  
Storage Catalyst

scholarly journals Synthesis of Water-Soluble 7-O-Carboxymethyl-Genistein

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
Zhiling Cao ◽  
Qiao Wu ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Dandan Zhu ◽  
Wengqi Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Carboxylate Group ◽  
Target Compound ◽  
Catalysed Reaction

A three-step synthesis from genistein of the water-soluble sodium salt of 7-O-carboxymethyl-genistein is described. Base-catalysed reaction of genistein with t-butyl bromoacetate gave 7-O-(carbo-t-butoxy)methyl-genistein, which was hydrolysed by aqueous acetic acid to 7-O-carboxymethyl-genistein and neutralised (NaHCO3) to give the target compound. The carboxylate group enhanced the water-solubility of genistein more than a thousand-fold and the new derivate will be useful as a candidate compound in pharmacological and clinical chemistry studies of isoflavones.

scholarly journals Reductive C(sp3)–C(sp3) homo-coupling of benzyl or allyl halides with H2 using a water-soluble electron storage catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (62) ◽  
pp. 39450-39454
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yatabe ◽  
Sayaka Futakuchi ◽  
Keishi Miyazawa ◽  
Daiki Shimauchi ◽  
Yukina Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Electron Storage ◽  
Allyl Halides ◽  
Storage Catalyst

Four requirements for the reductive C(sp3)–C(sp3) homo-coupling of benzyl/allyl halides in aqueous solution by using H2 as an electron source are described.

BODIPY Fluorophores for Membrane Potential Imaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Franke ◽  
Benjamin Raliski ◽  
Steven Boggess ◽  
Divya Natesan ◽  
Evan Koretsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Voltage Sensitivity ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Direct Modification ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Meso Position ◽  
Ionizable Groups ◽  
Boron Center

Fluorophores based on the BODIPY scaffold are prized for their tunable excitation and emission profiles, mild syntheses, and biological compatibility. Improving the water-solubility of BODIPY dyes remains an outstanding challenge. The development of water-soluble BODIPY dyes usually involves direct modification of the BODIPY fluorophore core with ionizable groups or substitution at the boron center. While these strategies are effective for the generation of water-soluble fluorophores, they are challenging to implement when developing BODIPY-based indicators: direct modification of BODIPY core can disrupt the electronics of the dye, complicating the design of functional indicators; and substitution at the boron center often renders the resultant BODIPY incompatible with the chemical transformations required to generate fluorescent sensors. In this study, we show that BODIPYs bearing a sulfonated aromatic group at the meso position provide a general solution for water-soluble BODIPYs. We outline the route to a suite of 5 new sulfonated BODIPYs with 2,6-disubstitution patterns spanning a range of electron-donating and -withdrawing propensities. To highlight the utility of these new, sulfonated BODIPYs, we further functionalize them to access 13 new, BODIPY-based voltage-sensitive fluorophores. The most sensitive of these BODIPY VF dyes displays a 48% ΔF/F per 100 mV in mammalian cells. Two additional BODIPY VFs show good voltage sensitivity (≥24% ΔF/F) and excellent brightness in cells. These compounds can report on action potential dynamics in both mammalian neurons and human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Accessing a range of substituents in the context of a water soluble BODIPY fluorophore provides opportunities to tune the electronic properties of water-soluble BODIPY dyes for functional indicators.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Magnesium Oxide and Inulin on Intestinal Microbiota and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kanako Omori ◽  
Hiroki Miyakawa ◽  
Aya Watanabe ◽  
Yuki Nakayama ◽  
Yijin Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Constipation is a common condition that occurs in many people worldwide. While magnesium oxide (MgO) is often used as the first-line drug for chronic constipation in Japan, dietary fiber intake is also recommended. Dietary fiber is fermented by microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are involved in regulating systemic physiological functions and circadian rhythm. We examined the effect of combining MgO and the water-soluble dietary fiber, inulin, on cecal SCFA concentration and microbiota in mice. We also examined the MgO administration timing effect on cecal SCFAs. The cecal SCFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography, and the microbiota was determined using next-generation sequencing. Inulin intake decreased cecal pH and increased cecal SCFA concentrations while combining MgO increased the cecal pH lowered by inulin and decreased the cecal SCFA concentrations elevated by inulin. When inulin and MgO were combined, significant changes in the microbiota composition were observed compared with inulin alone. The MgO effect on the cecal acetic acid concentration was less when administered at ZT12 than at ZT0. In conclusion, this study suggests that MgO affects cecal SCFA and microbiota during inulin feeding, and the effect on acetic acid concentration is time-dependent.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Bactericidal Activity of a 4-Ammoniumbuthylstyrene-Based Random Copolymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Silvana Alfei ◽  
Gabriella Piatti ◽  
Debora Caviglia ◽  
Anna Maria Schito
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Severe Infections

The growing resistance of bacteria to current chemotherapy is a global concern that urgently requires new and effective antimicrobial agents, aimed at curing untreatable infection, reducing unacceptable healthcare costs and human mortality. Cationic polymers, that mimic antimicrobial cationic peptides, represent promising broad-spectrum agents, being less susceptible to develop resistance than low molecular weight antibiotics. We, thus, designed, and herein report, the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a water-soluble cationic copolymer (P5), obtained by copolymerizing the laboratory-made monomer 4-ammoniumbuthylstyrene hydrochloride with di-methyl-acrylamide as uncharged diluent. The antibacterial activity of P5 was assessed against several multi-drug-resistant clinical isolates of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Except for strains characterized by modifications of the membrane charge, most of the tested isolates were sensible to the new molecule. P5 showed remarkable antibacterial activity against several isolates of genera Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and against Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, displaying a minimum MIC value of 3.15 µM. In time-killing and turbidimetric studies, P5 displayed a rapid non-lytic bactericidal activity. Due to its water-solubility and wide bactericidal spectrum, P5 could represent a promising novel agent capable of overcoming severe infections sustained by bacteria resistant the presently available antibiotics.

scholarly journals Rational Design of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Using Quaternary Ammonium Cations for Glyphosate Detection

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Mashaalah Zarejousheghani ◽  
Alaa Jaafar ◽  
Hendrik Wollmerstaedt ◽  
Parvaneh Rahimi ◽  
Helko Borsdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Functional Monomers ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Cations

Molecularly imprinted polymers have emerged as cost-effective and rugged artificial selective sorbents for combination with different sensors. In this study, quaternary ammonium cations, as functional monomers, were systematically evaluated to design imprinted polymers for glyphosate as an important model compound for electrically charged and highly water-soluble chemical compounds. To this aim, a small pool of monomers were used including (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride. The simultaneous interactions between three positively charged monomers and glyphosate were preliminary evaluated using statistical design of the experiment method. Afterwards, different polymers were synthesized at the gold surface of the quartz crystal microbalance sensor using optimized and not optimized glyphosate-monomers ratios. All synthesized polymers were characterized using atomic force microscopy, contact angle, Fourier-transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Evaluated functional monomers showed promise as highly efficient functional monomers, when they are used together and at the optimized ratio, as predicted by the statistical method. Obtained results from the modified sensors were used to develop a simple model describing the binding characteristics at the surface of the different synthesized polymers. This model helps to develop new synthesis strategies for rational design of the highly selective imprinted polymers and to use as a sensing platform for water soluble and polar targets.

scholarly journals Effect of DMPA and Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Glycol on Water-Soluble Polyurethane

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyob Wondu ◽  
Hyun Woo Oh ◽  
Jooheon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Soft Segment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In this study water-soluble polyurethane (WSPU) was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), 2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid or dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), butane-1,4-diol (BD), and triethylamine (TEA) using an acetone process. The water solubility was investigated by solubilizing the polymer in water and measuring the contact angle and the results indicated that water solubility and contact angle tendency were increased as the molecular weight of the soft segment decreased, the amount of emulsifier was increased, and soft segment to hard segment ratio was lower. The contact angle of samples without emulsifier was greater than 87°, while that of with emulsifier was less than 67°, indicating a shift from highly hydrophobic to hydrophilic. The WSPU was also analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to identify the absorption of functional groups and further checked by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molecular weight of WSPU was measured using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The structure of the WSPU was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The thermal properties of WSPU were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

scholarly journals Enhanced Water Solubility and Oral Bioavailability of Paclitaxel Crystal Powders through an Innovative Antisolvent Precipitation Process: Antisolvent Crystallization Using Ionic Liquids as Solvent

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qilei Yang ◽  
Chang Zu ◽  
Wengang Li ◽  
Weiwei Wu ◽  
Yunlong Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Antisolvent Precipitation ◽  
Antisolvent Crystallization ◽  
Artificial Gastric Juice

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a poor water-soluble antineoplastic drug with significant antitumor activity. However, its low bioavailability is a major obstacle for its biomedical applications. Thus, this experiment is designed to prepare PTX crystal powders through an antisolvent precipitation process using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (HMImBr) as solvent and water as an antisolvent. The factors influencing saturation solubility of PTX crystal powders in water in water were optimized using a single-factor design. The optimum conditions for the antisolvent precipitation process were as follows: 50 mg/mL concentration of the PTX solution, 25 °C temperature, and 1:7 solvent-to-antisolvent ratio. The PTX crystal powders were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and dissolution and oral bioavailability studies. Results showed that the chemical structure of PTX crystal powders were unchanged; however, precipitation of the crystalline structure changed. The dissolution test showed that the dissolution rate and solubility of PTX crystal powders were nearly 3.21-folds higher compared to raw PTX in water, and 1.27 times higher in artificial gastric juice. Meanwhile, the bioavailability of PTX crystal increased 10.88 times than raw PTX. These results suggested that PTX crystal powders might have potential value to become a new oral PTX formulation with high bioavailability.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time

Observational studies have shown that dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber is a non-digestible form of carbohydrates, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme in humans required to digest fiber. Dietary fibers and lignin are intrinsic to plants and are classified according to their water solubility properties as either soluble or insoluble fibers. Water-soluble fibers include pectin, gums, mucilage, fructans, and some resistant starches. They are present in some fruits, vegetables, oats, and barley. Soluble fibers have been shown to lower blood cholesterol by several mechanisms. On the other hand, water-insoluble fibers mainly include lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose; whole-grain foods, bran, nuts, and seeds are rich in these fibers. Water-insoluble fibers have rapid gastric emptying, and as such may decrease the intestinal transit time and increase fecal bulk, thus promoting digestive regularity. In addition to dietary fiber, isolated and extracted fibers are known as functional fiber and have been shown to induce beneficial health effects when added to food during processing. The recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for total fiber intake for men and women aged 19–50 are 38 gram/day and 25 gram/day, respectively. It is worth noting that the RDA recommendations are for healthy people and do not apply to individuals with some chronic diseases. Studies have shown that most Americans do not consume the recommended intake of fiber. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding dietary fiber, sources of food containing fiber, atherosclerosis, and heart disease risk reduction.

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