scholarly journals Fluorescent proteins of the EosFP clade: intriguing marker tools with multiple photoactivation modes for advanced microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Nienhaus ◽  
Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Super Resolution

In this review, we discuss structural and photophysical properties of photoactivatable EosFP and its engineered descendants and present a variety of applications in conventional and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.

scholarly journals Fluorescent Probes for STED Optical Nanoscopy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sejoo Jeong ◽  
Jerker Widengren ◽  
Jong-Chan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Optical Resolution ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Fluorescent Nanoparticles ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Photochemical Properties ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

Progress in developing fluorescent probes, such as fluorescent proteins, organic dyes, and fluorescent nanoparticles, is inseparable from the advancement in optical fluorescence microscopy. Super-resolution microscopy, or optical nanoscopy, overcame the far-field optical resolution limit, known as Abbe’s diffraction limit, by taking advantage of the photophysical properties of fluorescent probes. Therefore, fluorescent probes for super-resolution microscopy should meet the new requirements in the probes’ photophysical and photochemical properties. STED optical nanoscopy achieves super-resolution by depleting excited fluorophores at the periphery of an excitation laser beam using a depletion beam with a hollow core. An ideal fluorescent probe for STED nanoscopy must meet specific photophysical and photochemical properties, including high photostability, depletability at the depletion wavelength, low adverse excitability, and biocompatibility. This review introduces the requirements of fluorescent probes for STED nanoscopy and discusses the recent progress in the development of fluorescent probes, such as fluorescent proteins, organic dyes, and fluorescent nanoparticles, for the STED nanoscopy. The strengths and the limitations of the fluorescent probes are analyzed in detail.

scholarly journals Extending the spatiotemporal resolution of super-resolution microscopies using photomodulatable fluorescent proteins

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1630009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingshu Zhang ◽  
Zhifei Fu ◽  
Pingyong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Optical Resolution ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Diffraction Limit ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

In the past two decades, various super-resolution (SR) microscopy techniques have been developed to break the diffraction limit using subdiffraction excitation to spatially modulate the fluorescence emission. Photomodulatable fluorescent proteins (FPs) can be activated by light of specific wavelengths to produce either stochastic or patterned subdiffraction excitation, resulting in improved optical resolution. In this review, we focus on the recently developed photomodulatable FPs or commonly used SR microscopies and discuss the concepts and strategies for optimizing and selecting the biochemical and photophysical properties of PMFPs to improve the spatiotemporal resolution of SR techniques, especially time-lapse live-cell SR techniques.

scholarly journals Advanced Methods in Fluorescence Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Fritzky ◽  
David Lagunoff
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Will Power ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

It requires a good deal of will power to resist hyperbole in considering the advances that have been achieved in fluorescence microscopy in the last 25 years. Our effort has been to survey the modalities of microscopic fluorescence imaging available to cell biologists and perhaps useful for diagnostic pathologists. The gamut extends from established confocal laser scanning through multiphoton and TIRF to the emerging technologies of super-resolution microscopy that breech the Abbé limit of resolution. Also considered are the recent innovations in structured and light sheet illumination, the use of FRET and molecular beacons that exploit specific characteristics of designer fluorescent proteins, fluorescence speckles, and second harmonic generation for native anisometric structures like collagen, microtubules and sarcomeres.

Structural Evidence of Photoisomerization Pathways in Fluorescent Proteins

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Chang ◽  
Matthew Romei ◽  
Steven Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Unit Cell Size ◽  
Chlorine Substituent ◽  
Gfp Chromophore ◽  
The One ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

<p>Double-bond photoisomerization in molecules such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore can occur either via a volume-demanding one-bond-flip pathway or via a volume-conserving hula-twist pathway. Understanding the factors that determine the pathway of photoisomerization would inform the rational design of photoswitchable GFPs as improved tools for super-resolution microscopy. In this communication, we reveal the photoisomerization pathway of a photoswitchable GFP, rsEGFP2, by solving crystal structures of <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> rsEGFP2 containing a monochlorinated chromophore. The position of the chlorine substituent in the <i>trans</i> state breaks the symmetry of the phenolate ring of the chromophore and allows us to distinguish the two pathways. Surprisingly, we find that the pathway depends on the arrangement of protein monomers within the crystal lattice: in a looser packing, the one-bond-flip occurs, whereas in a tighter packing (7% smaller unit cell size), the hula-twist occurs.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals Advanced Static and Dynamic Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques to Investigate Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Jacopo Cardellini ◽  
Arianna Balestri ◽  
Costanza Montis ◽  
Debora Berti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Biological Phenomena

In the past decade(s), fluorescence microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) have been widely employed to investigate biological and biomimetic systems for pharmaceutical applications, to determine the localization of drugs in tissues or entire organisms or the extent of their cellular uptake (in vitro). However, the diffraction limit of light, which limits the resolution to hundreds of nanometers, has for long time restricted the extent and quality of information and insight achievable through these techniques. The advent of super-resolution microscopic techniques, recognized with the 2014 Nobel prize in Chemistry, revolutionized the field thanks to the possibility to achieve nanometric resolution, i.e., the typical scale length of chemical and biological phenomena. Since then, fluorescence microscopy-related techniques have acquired renewed interest for the scientific community, both from the perspective of instrument/techniques development and from the perspective of the advanced scientific applications. In this contribution we will review the application of these techniques to the field of drug delivery, discussing how the latest advancements of static and dynamic methodologies have tremendously expanded the experimental opportunities for the characterization of drug delivery systems and for the understanding of their behaviour in biologically relevant environments.

scholarly journals A simple and versatile design concept for fluorophore derivatives with intramolecular photostabilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper H. M. van der Velde ◽  
Jens Oelerich ◽  
Jingyi Huang ◽  
Jochem H. Smit ◽  
Atieh Aminian Jazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Unnatural Amino Acids ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Single Step ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Scaffolding Strategy ◽  
Organic Fluorophore

Abstract Intramolecular photostabilization via triple-state quenching was recently revived as a tool to impart synthetic organic fluorophores with ‘self-healing’ properties. To date, utilization of such fluorophore derivatives is rare due to their elaborate multi-step synthesis. Here we present a general strategy to covalently link a synthetic organic fluorophore simultaneously to a photostabilizer and biomolecular target via unnatural amino acids. The modular approach uses commercially available starting materials and simple chemical transformations. The resulting photostabilizer–dye conjugates are based on rhodamines, carbopyronines and cyanines with excellent photophysical properties, that is, high photostability and minimal signal fluctuations. Their versatile use is demonstrated by single-step labelling of DNA, antibodies and proteins, as well as applications in single-molecule and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. We are convinced that the presented scaffolding strategy and the improved characteristics of the conjugates in applications will trigger the broader use of intramolecular photostabilization and help to emerge this approach as a new gold standard.

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