Water-soluble branched polymer for combined chemo-immunotherapy of bacterial infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Dai ◽  
Lele Yang ◽  
Qingqing Xu ◽  
Jifang Ma ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Bacterial infection is one of the most significant public health challenges due to the limited choices of antibiotics which can overcome antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The promising nonantibiotic therapeutic alternatives for antibiotic-resistant...

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Clams—A Study on Mussels in the River Rhine

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Nicole Zacharias ◽  
Iris Löckener ◽  
Sarah M. Essert ◽  
Esther Sib ◽  
Gabriele Bierbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Bacterial infections have been treated effectively by antibiotics since the discovery of penicillin in 1928. A worldwide increase in the use of antibiotics led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains in almost all bacterial pathogens, which complicates the treatment of infectious diseases. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria play an important role in increasing the risk associated with the usage of surface waters (e.g., irrigation, recreation) and the spread of the resistance genes. Many studies show that important pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria can enter the environment by the discharge of sewage treatment plants and combined sewage overflow events. Mussels have successfully been used as bio-indicators of heavy metals, chemicals and parasites; they may also be efficient bio-indicators for viruses and bacteria. In this study an influence of the discharge of a sewage treatment plant could be shown in regard to the presence of E. coli in higher concentrations in the mussels downstream the treatment plant. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, resistant against one or two classes of antibiotics and relevance for human health could be detected in the mussels at different sampling sites of the river Rhine. No multidrug-resistant bacteria could be isolated from the mussels, although they were found in samples of the surrounding water body.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Rearing Seawater

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Thanaporn Chuen-Im ◽  
Korapan Sawetsuwannakun ◽  
Pimmnapar Neesanant ◽  
Nakarin Kitkumthorn
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk

Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is a serious health problem for both humans and animals. Infection of these bacteria may result in therapy failure, leading to high mortality rates. During an early intervention program process, the Sea Turtle Conservation Center of Thailand (STCCT) has faced high mortality rates due to bacterial infection. Previously, investigation of juvenile turtle carcasses found etiological agents in tissue lesions. Further determination of sea water in the turtle holding tanks revealed a prevalence of these causative agents in water samples, implying association of bacterial isolates in rearing water and infection in captive turtles. In this study, we examined the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in seawater from the turtle holding tank for a management plan of juvenile turtles with bacterial infection. The examination was carried out in three periods: 2015 to 2016, 2018, and 2019. The highest isolate numbers were resistant to beta-lactam, whilst low aminoglycoside resistance rates were observed. No gentamicin-resistant isolate was detected. Seventy-nine isolates (71.17%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Consideration of resistant bacterial and antibiotic numbers over three sampling periods indicated increased risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to sea turtle health. Essentially, this study emphasizes the importance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial assessment in rearing seawater for sea turtle husbandry.

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Residue Contamination in Fresh Raw Foods Sold at Wholesale Markets in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
Antibiotic Residue

Objective: To investigate the extent of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic residue contamination in fresh raw foods sold at wholesale markets in Thailand, which may be the important drivers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria colonization and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in Thai population. Materials and Methods: Fresh raw foods, including food from animal products, seafoods, vegetables, fruits, and honey were purchased from two large wholesale markets in Thailand. Food samples were cultured for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tested for the presence and amount of antibiotic residue. Results: Among 521 samples for bacterial culture, 86.9% grew at least one kind of bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae were commonly isolated and were commonly resistant to ampicillin (76.7% to 100%). ESBL-producers and ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were prevalent in swine and duck samples (56.7% to 91.7%). Some isolates were resistant to co-amoxiclav (13.3% to 60.0%) and cefoxitin (5.0% to 30.0%). Colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were observed in pork meat (1.4%) and chicken offal (7.0%). Ertapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were detected in cha-om (26.7%). Among 501 samples for antibiotic residue testing, 37.1% contained at least one antibiotic residue. Enrofloxacin was the most prevalent antibiotic residue, followed by doxycycline and tilmicosin. Although most samples contained less antibiotics than the maximum residue limit (MRL), 7.0% contained an amount of at least one antibiotic above the MRL. Conclusion: Many fresh raw foods sold at wholesale markets in Thailand were contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and some contained antibiotic residues. Therefore, Thai people are at risk of being colonized with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and developing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection due to consuming foods contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria or containing antibiotic residues. Keywords: antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic residue, fresh raw foods, wholesale market, Thailand

scholarly journals Antibiotics in Food Chain: The Consequences for Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Shashi B. Kumar ◽  
Shanvanth R. Arnipalli ◽  
Ouliana Ziouzenkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Continuous Use

Antibiotics have been used as essential therapeutics for nearly 100 years and, increasingly, as a preventive agent in the agricultural and animal industry. Continuous use and misuse of antibiotics have provoked the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria that progressively increased mortality from multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, thereby posing a tremendous threat to public health. The goal of our review is to advance the understanding of mechanisms of dissemination and the development of antibiotic resistance genes in the context of nutrition and related clinical, agricultural, veterinary, and environmental settings. We conclude with an overview of alternative strategies, including probiotics, essential oils, vaccines, and antibodies, as primary or adjunct preventive antimicrobial measures or therapies against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The solution for antibiotic resistance will require comprehensive and incessant efforts of policymakers in agriculture along with the development of alternative therapeutics by experts in diverse fields of microbiology, biochemistry, clinical research, genetic, and computational engineering.

scholarly journals Beyond fecal microbiota transplantation: Developing drugs from the microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylaine Gerardin ◽  
Sonia Timberlake ◽  
Jessica R Allegretti ◽  
Mark B Smith ◽  
Zain Kassam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Abstract The transfer of live gut microbes may transform patient care across a range of autoimmune, metabolic, hepatic and infectious diseases. One early approach, fecal microbiota transplantation, has shown promise in Clostridiodes difficile infection and the potential for improving clinical and public health outcomes for other antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These clinical successes have motivated the development of microbiome drugs, which will need to address challenges in safety, uniformity, and delivery while seeking to preserve the benefits of using whole microbiome communities as novel therapeutics and an innovative platform for drug discovery.

Targetable nano-delivery vehicles to deliver anti-bacterial small acid-soluble spore protein (SASP) genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. L. Barnard ◽  
James A. Cass
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
New Treatment

Interest in phage-based therapeutics is increasing, at least in part due to the need for new treatment options for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It is possible to use wild-type (WT) phages to treat bacterial infections, but it is also possible to modify WT phages to generate therapeutics with improved features. Here, we will discuss features of Phico Therapeutics’ SASPject technology, which modifies phages for use as targetable nano-delivery vehicles (NDV), to introduce antibacterial Small Acid Soluble Spore Protein (SASP) genes into specific target bacteria.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of Source Separation in Sanitation Systems for Reducing Emissions of Antimicrobial Resistances

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3342
Author(s):  
Jörg Londong ◽  
Marcus Barth ◽  
Heinrich Söbke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sanitation Systems

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfamethoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Development of coinage metal nanoclusters as antimicrobials to combat bacterial infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (41) ◽  
pp. 9466-9480
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Beena Kumari ◽  
Jessa Marie Makabenta ◽  
Bailong Tao ◽  
Kun Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Metal Nanoclusters ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Coinage Metal ◽  
The Past

Infections from antibiotic-resistant bacteria have caused huge economic loss and numerous deaths over the past decades.

Phage Therapy: A Potential Solution for Antibiotic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirag Choudhary ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Future

The idea of using a virus to kill bacteria may seem counterintuitive, but it may be the future of treating bacterial infections. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most frightening biological agents were so-called “superbugs” – antibiotic resistant bacteria – which could not be treated with conventional therapeutics. When antibiotics were first developed, they were hailed as a panacea. A panacea they were not.

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