NO/ROS/RNS Cascaded-Releasing Nano-Platform for Gas/PDT/PTT/Immunotherapy of Tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengchao Ding ◽  
Kai Shao ◽  
Lijuan Wu ◽  
Yuping Jiang ◽  
Bing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Poor Efficacy

Nitric oxide (NO) gas treatment offers a promising strategy for tumor therapy, however, its practical application was still be limited for the poor efficacy and biotoxicity which were caused by...

scholarly journals A Nanoparticle-Conjugated Anti-TBK1 siRNA Induces Autophagy-Related Apoptosis and Enhances cGAS-STING Pathway in GBM Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shengchao Xu ◽  
Xi Yan ◽  
Lu Tang ◽  
Gan Dai ◽  
Chengke Luo
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Sting Pathway

Background. Gene therapy shows considerable clinical benefit in cancer therapy, in which single-stranded ribonucleic acid (siRNA) is a promising strategy in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is critical in tumorigenesis and development, which lays a foundation for an ideal target for tumor therapy. However, the practical application of free siRNA is limited. It is urgent to develop novel strategies to deliver TBK1 siRNA to activate apoptosis and cGAS-STING pathway as a therapeutic strategy for GBM. Methods. The expression and prognostic value of TBK1 were evaluated in the TCGA, CGGA, and GTEx databases. A novel gene delivery system was designed here via PEGylated reduced graphene oxide (rGO-PEG) to targeted delivery of anti-TBK1 siRNA efficiently. The efficacy of TBK1si/rGO-PEG was evaluated in GBM cells. The underlying pathways were explored by Western blot. Results. TBK1 was highly expressed in glioma samples, and its high expression indicated poor prognoses in glioma patients. The rGO-PEG presented great efficiency in targeted delivery of TBK1si RNA into GBM cells with up to 97.1% transfection efficiency. TBK1si/rGO-PEG exhibited anti-GBM activities by inhibiting TBK1 and autophagy, as well as activating apoptosis and cGAS-STING pathway. Conclusion. The rGO-PEG could be an efficient system facilitating the delivery of specific siRNA. TBK1si/rGO-PEG could be a novel strategy for the treatment of GBM.

A Triple-responsive Targeted Hybrid Liposomes with High MRI Performance for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihe Yao ◽  
Chenyu Liu ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Hengjun Zhou ◽  
Hailiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Tumor Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

The targeted multi-responsive drug delivery systems with MRI capacity were anticipated as a promising strategy for tumor therapy and diagnosis. Herein, we successfully synthesized anisamide-modified and non-modified UV/GSH-responsive molecules (10,10-NB-S-S-P-AA...

scholarly journals The Interplay between Glioblastoma and Its Microenvironment

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2257
Author(s):  
Mark Dapash ◽  
David Hou ◽  
Brandyn Castro ◽  
Catalina Lee-Chang ◽  
Maciej S. Lesniak
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Primary Brain Tumor ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
Poor Efficacy

GBM is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, and the aggressive nature of this tumor contributes to its extremely poor prognosis. Over the years, the heterogeneous and adaptive nature of GBM has been highlighted as a major contributor to the poor efficacy of many treatments including various immunotherapies. The major challenge lies in understanding and manipulating the complex interplay among the different components within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This interplay varies not only by the type of cells interacting but also by their spatial distribution with the TME. This review highlights the various immune and non-immune components of the tumor microenvironment and their consequences f the efficacy of immunotherapies. Understanding the independent and interdependent aspects of the various sub-populations encapsulated by the immune and non-immune components will allow for more targeted therapies. Meanwhile, understanding how the TME creates and responds to different environmental pressures such as hypoxia may allow for other multimodal approaches in the treatment of GBM. Ultimately, a better understanding of the GBM TME will aid in the development and advancement of more effective treatments and in improving patient outcomes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Magnet-to-Coil Distance on the Performance Characteristics of EMATs

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5096
Author(s):  
Yutang Wu ◽  
Yunxin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Acoustic Transducer ◽  
Lift Off

The poor conversion efficiency and obvious lift-off effect of the electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) are commonly known to be problems for its practical application. For the purpose of enhancing the performance of EMATs, numerical simulations were performed in order to analyze the effect of various parameters. The results indicate that only the magnet-to-coil distance can effectively enhance the conversion efficiency and weaken the lift-off effect at the same time. When the magnet-to-coil distance is 2 mm, the lift-off effect will continue to be weakened as the magnet-to-coil distance increases, whereas the decrease of the lift-off effect is inconspicuous and the conversion efficiency starts to decline at this time. Therefore, to get the best performance of this specific EMAT, the suitable magnet-to-coil distance is 2 mm. The experiment effectively verifies the improvement of EMATs with a magnet-to-coil distance of 2 mm.

New Strategy for Controlled Release of Nitric Oxide

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedea B. Seabra ◽  
Priscyla D. Marcato ◽  
Larissa B. de Paula ◽  
Nelson Durán
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
No Production ◽  
Cell Replication ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Metal Organic

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in several physiological processes, such as the control of vascular tone, the inhibition of platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell replication, immune response and neuronal communication. Several pathologies have been associated to dysfunctions in the endogenous NO production. Thus, there is a great interest in the development of NO-releasing drugs and in matrices which are able to stabilize and release NO locally in different tissues. In this scenario, the preparation of NO-releasing nanomaterials, such as dendrimers, liposomes, metallic, silica, and polymeric nanoparticles, zeolites and metal organic frameworks, is a promising strategy for delivering NO in diverse applications, as discussed in this work.

scholarly journals Roles of Chemical Complexity and Evolutionary Theory in Some Hepatic and Intestinal Enzymatic Systems in Chemical Reproducibility and Clinical Efficiency of Herbal Derivatives

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Pierro
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Abc Proteins ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Poor Efficacy ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Plant Substances

Despite the great marketing success, most physicians attribute poor efficacy to herbals. This perception is due to two situations that are an integral part of the herbal topic. The first is the poor phytochemical reproducibility obtained during the production process of herbal extracts, as herbal extracts are not always standardized in the whole manufacturing process, but only in their titer. The second problem is linked to the evolution of important enzymatic systems: cytochromes and ABC proteins. They are both enzyme classes with detoxifying properties and seem to have evolved from the molecular mould provided by active plant substances. During the evolution, as still happens today, polyphenols, saponins, terpenes, and alkaloids were ingested together with food. They do not possess any nutritional value but seem to be provided with a potential pharmacological activity. Cytochromes and ABC proteins, which evolved over time to detoxify food from vegetable chemical “actives,” now seem to limit the action of herbal derivatives. The comprehension of these 2 events may explain the origin of the widespread scepticism of physicians about herbal medicine and suggests that, after correct herbal standardization, use of antagonists of cytochromes and ABC systems will make it possible to recover their pharmacological potential.

scholarly journals Human B cell lineages associated with germinal centers following influenza vaccination are measurably evolving

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B Hoehn ◽  
Jackson S Turner ◽  
Frederick I Miller ◽  
Ruoyi Jiang ◽  
Oliver G Pybus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Cell Evolution ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Efficacy

The poor efficacy of seasonal influenza virus vaccines is often attributed to pre-existing immunity interfering with the persistence and maturation of vaccine-induced B cell responses. We previously showed that a subset of vaccine-induced B cell lineages are recruited into germinal centers (GCs) following vaccination, suggesting that affinity maturation of these lineages against vaccine antigens can occur. However, it remains to be determined whether seasonal influenza vaccination stimulates additional evolution of vaccine-specific lineages, and previous work has found no significant increase in somatic hypermutation (SHM) among influenza-binding lineages sampled from the blood following seasonal vaccination in humans. Here, we investigate this issue using a phylogenetic test of measurable immunoglobulin sequence evolution. We first validate this test through simulations and survey measurable evolution across multiple conditions. We find significant heterogeneity in measurable B cell evolution across conditions, with enrichment in primary response conditions such as HIV infection and early childhood development. We then show that measurable evolution following influenza vaccination is highly compartmentalized: while lineages in the blood are rarely measurably evolving following influenza vaccination, lineages containing GC B cells are frequently measurably evolving. Many of these lineages appear to derive from memory B cells. We conclude from these findings that seasonal influenza virus vaccination can stimulate additional evolution of responding B cell lineages, and imply that the poor efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccination is not due to a complete inhibition of vaccine-specific B cell evolution.

scholarly journals The prognostic value of IDO expression in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Wang ◽  
Jia Wu ◽  
Junjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
High Expression ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Tumor Prognosis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rate Limiting

Abstract Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of tryptophan into kynurenine. It is considered to be an immunosuppressive molecule that plays an important role in the development of tumors. However, the relationship between IDO and solid tumor prognosis remains unclear. Herein, we retrieved relevant published literature and analyzed the relationship between IDO expression and prognosis in solid tumors.Methods: Studies related to IDO expression and tumor prognosis were retrieved using PMC, EMbase and web of science database. Overall survival (OS) and other data in each study were extracted. Hazard ratio (HR) was used for analysis and calculation, while heterogeneity and publication bias between studies were also analyzed.Results: A total of 29 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, high expression of IDO was significantly associated with poor OS (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.55–2.53) and TTP (HR 2.25 95% CI 1.58–3.22). Subgroup analysis suggested that the associations between IDO expression and poor OS were significant in the prospective studies without obvious heterogeneity.Conclusions: The high expression of IDO was significantly associated with the poor prognosis of solid tumors, suggesting that it can be used as a biomarker for tumor prognosis and as a potential target for tumor therapy.

Herausforderungen in der Immunonkologie

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 1022-1029
Author(s):  
Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen ◽  
Marion Subklewe ◽  
Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
New Era ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Very High

AbstractImmuno-oncology has undoubtedly started a new era in the treatment of malignant diseases. Within a short time immunotherapeutic therapy concepts have become part of the standard therapy for many tumors. Already, immunotherapy is one of the most potent therapeutic options for the treatment of many malignancies. Despite its impressive achievements, there is still a significant need for improvement and many aspects of the practical application of immunotherapeutic modalities of therapy are unclear. If it succeeds in solving the challenges discussed here, immuno-oncology will certainly be one of the most important pillars of successful tumor therapy in the future. Immunotherapeutic combination therapies offer the opportunity to improve treatment outcomes. The immunological side effects of immunotherapy may sometimes be life-threatening, but if adequately treated they may be associated with a good prognosis. The development of predictive biomarkers is indispensable for effective immunotherapy. The costs of immuno-oncological therapies are sometimes very high. Therefore reasonable solutions must be found.

Controllable release of nitric oxide and doxorubicin from engineered nanospheres for synergistic tumor therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 498-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianjiang Tan ◽  
Ran Huang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Li ◽  
Shuiping Liu ◽  
Yu-Mei Shen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Controllable Release
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document