scholarly journals Emergent cell-free layer asymmetry and biased haematocrit partition in a biomimetic vascular network of successive bifurcations

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Joana Fidalgo ◽  
Miguel Bernabeu ◽  
Mónica S.N. Oliveira ◽  
Timm Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Vascular Network ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Cell Free Layer

Blood is a vital soft matter, and its normal circulation in the human body relies on the distribution of red blood cells (RBCs) at successive bifurcations. Understanding how RBCs are...

Analysis of mechanisms for platelet near-wall excess under arterial blood flow conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 676 ◽  
pp. 348-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. CROWL ◽  
A. L. FOGELSON
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Cell Free Layer ◽  
Near Wall

The concentration of platelets near the blood vessel wall is important because platelets survey the condition of the vessel wall and respond to injuries to it. Under arterial flow conditions, platelets are non-uniformly distributed across the vessel lumen and have a high concentration within a few microns of the vessel wall. This is believed to be a consequence of the complex motion of red blood cells which constitute a large fraction of the blood's volume. We use a novel lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary method to simulate, in two dimensions, the motion of dense red blood cell suspensions and their effect on platelet-sized particles. We track the development of a red blood cell-free layer near the wall and the later development of the platelet near-wall excess. We find that the latter develops more quickly at high wall shear rates and that the magnitude of the excess and its proximity to the wall are dependent on haematocrit. Treating the simulation data as if it were generated by a drift–diffusion process, we find that the effective lateral platelet diffusivity depends strongly on lateral position; it has a magnitude of order of 10−6 cm2 s−1 over much of the lumen but drops to almost zero close to the wall. This large effective diffusivity over the core of the lumen combined with reduced space for platelets in this region because of the inward migration of red blood cells largely but not completely accounts for the observed platelet-concentration profiles. We present evidence for a highly localized red blood cell-induced platelet drift at the edge of the red cell-free layer and suggest a physical mechanism that may generate it.

scholarly journals Effect of Cytoplasmic Viscosity on Red Blood Cell Migration in Small Arteriole-level Confinements

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Saadat ◽  
Christopher J. Guido ◽  
Eric S. G. Shaqfeh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Channel Size ◽  
Viscosity Contrast ◽  
Cell Free Layer

The dynamics of red blood cells in small arterioles are important as these dynamics affect many physiological processes such as hemostasis and thrombosis. However, studying red blood cell flows via computer simulations is challenging due to the complex shapes and the non-trivial viscosity contrast of a red blood cell. To date, little progress has been made studying small arteriole flows (20-40μm) with a hematocrit (red blood cell volume fraction) of 10-20% and a physiological viscosity contrast. In this work, we present the results of large-scale simulations that show how the channel size, viscosity contrast of the red blood cells, and hematocrit affect cell distributions and the cell-free layer in these systems. We utilize a massively-parallel immersed boundary code coupled to a finite volume solver to capture the particle resolved physics. We show that channel size qualitatively changes how the cells distribute in the channel. Our results also indicate that at a hematocrit of 10% that the viscosity contrast is not negligible when calculating the cell free layer thickness. We explain this result by comparing lift and collision trajectories of cells at different viscosity contrasts.

scholarly journals Individual Motions of Red Blood Cells in High-Hematocrit Blood Flowing in a Microchannel With Complex Geometries

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ishikawa ◽  
H. Fujiwara ◽  
N. Matsuki ◽  
R. Lima ◽  
Y. Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Homogeneous Fluid ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Small Channel ◽  
Multiphase Fluid ◽  
Cell Free Layer

Blood flow in a microchannel with complex geometries has been investigated to develop biomedical microdevices (e.g. Faivre et al., 2006) or to understand pathology in small vessels, such as lacunar infarcts. In a small channel, say 100 μm in diameter, the blood is no longer assumed to be a homogeneous fluid because the size of the red blood cells (RBCs) cannot be neglected compared to the generated flow field (the diameter of a RBC is about 8 μm). In such a case, we must treat the blood as a multiphase fluid, and investigate the motion of individual cells in discussing the flow field. In this study, we investigated the motion of RBCs in a microchannel with stenosis or bifurcation using a confocal micro-PTV system. We measured individual trajectories of RBCs under high Hct conditions (up to 20%), when the interactions between RBCs become significant. We discuss the effect of Hct on the flow field and cell-free layers, as well as the effect of deformability of RBCs on the cell-free layer thickness by hardening RBCs using a glutaraldehyde treatment.

scholarly journals MOTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS AND CELL FREE LAYER DISTRIBUTION IN A STENOSED MICROCHANNEL

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. S390
Author(s):  
Hiroki FUJIWARA ◽  
Takuji ISHIKAWA ◽  
Rui LIMA ◽  
Yohsuke IMAI ◽  
Noriaki MATSUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Cell Free Layer

scholarly journals Correction: Cross-sectional focusing of red blood cells in a constricted microfluidic channel

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1941-1941
Author(s):  
Asena Abay ◽  
Steffen M. Recktenwald ◽  
Thomas John ◽  
Lars Kaestner ◽  
Christian Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Cross Sectional

Correction for ‘Cross-sectional focusing of red blood cells in a constricted microfluidic channel’ by Asena Abay et al., Soft Matter, 2020, 16, 534–543.

scholarly journals Blood Particulate Analogue Fluids: A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451
Author(s):  
Samir Hassan Sadek ◽  
Manuel Rubio ◽  
Rui Lima ◽  
Emilio José Vega
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Microcirculatory System ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Cell Free Layer ◽  
Made In

Microfluidics has proven to be an extraordinary working platform to mimic and study blood flow phenomena and the dynamics of components of the human microcirculatory system. However, the use of real blood increases the complexity to perform these kinds of in vitro blood experiments due to diverse problems such as coagulation, sample storage, and handling problems. For this reason, interest in the development of fluids with rheological properties similar to those of real blood has grown over the last years. The inclusion of microparticles in blood analogue fluids is essential to reproduce multiphase effects taking place in a microcirculatory system, such as the cell-free layer (CFL) and Fähraeus–Lindqvist effect. In this review, we summarize the progress made in the last twenty years. Size, shape, mechanical properties, and even biological functionalities of microparticles produced/used to mimic red blood cells (RBCs) are critically exposed and analyzed. The methods developed to fabricate these RBC templates are also shown. The dynamic flow/rheology of blood particulate analogue fluids proposed in the literature (with different particle concentrations, in most of the cases, relatively low) is shown and discussed in-depth. Although there have been many advances, the development of a reliable blood particulate analogue fluid, with around 45% by volume of microparticles, continues to be a big challenge.

Dynamics of a Spherical Capsule in a Near-Wall Shear Flow

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Nix ◽  
Yohsuke Imai ◽  
Daiki Matsunaga ◽  
Takuji Ishikawa ◽  
Takami Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Vessel Wall ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Spherical Capsule ◽  
Migration Of Cells ◽  
Cell Free Layer

Lateral migration of cells in the bloodstream is affected by the material properties of the constituent cells. In blood vessels, red blood cells migrate to the center of the vessel, leading to the formation of a cell-free layer near the vessel wall; on the other hand, less deformable cells such as white blood cells and platelets are more likely to be found near the blood vessel wall. [1]

scholarly journals Local Hematocrit Fluctuation Induced by Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells and Its Effect on Microflow

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tong Wang ◽  
Zhongwen Xing
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Infected Rbcs ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Cell Free Layer

We investigate numerically the microscale blood flow in which red blood cells (RBCs) are partially infected byPlasmodium falciparum, the malaria parasite. The infected RBCs are modeled as more rigid cells with less deformability than healthy ones. Our study illustrates that, in a 10 μm microvessel in low-hematocrit conditions (18% and 27%), thePlasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (Pf-IRBCs) and healthy ones first form a train of cells. Because of the slow moving of thePf-IRBCs, the local hematocrit (Hct) near thePf-IRBCs is then increased, to approximately40%or even higher values. This increase of the local hematocrit is temporary and is kept for a longer length of time because of the long RBC train formed in 27%-Hctcondition. Similar hematocrit elevation at the downstream region with 45%-Hctin the same 10 μm microvessel is also observed with the cells randomly located. In 20 μm microvessels with 45%-Hct, thePf-IRBCs slow down the velocity of the healthy red blood cells (HRBCs) around them and then locally elevate the volume fraction and result in the accumulation of the RBCs at the center of the vessels, thus leaving a thicker cell free layer (CFL) near the vessel wall than normal. Variation of wall shear stress (WSS) is caused by the fluctuation of localHctand the distance between the wall and the RBCs. Moreover, in high-hematocrit condition (45%), malaria-infected cells have a tendency to migrate to the edge of the aggregates which is due to the uninterrupted hydrodynamic interaction between the HRBCs andPf-IRBC. Our results suggest that the existence of Pf-IRBCs is a nonnegligible factor for the fluctuation of hematocrit and WSS and also contributes to the increase of CFL of pathological blood flow in microvessels. The numerical approach presented has the potential to be utilized to RBC disorders and other hematologic diseases.

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