scholarly journals Quantifying the non-equilibrium activity of an active colloid

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 7202-7209
Author(s):  
Sarah Eldeen ◽  
Ryan Muoio ◽  
Paris Blaisdell-Pijuan ◽  
Ngoc La ◽  
Mauricio Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Behavior ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Dissipation Of Energy ◽  
Equilibrium Activity ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Active matter systems exhibit rich emergent behavior due to constant injection and dissipation of energy at the level of individual agents. We characterize the dissipation of single active colloids.

scholarly journals Fluctuation–Dissipation Relations in Active Matter Systems

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Caprini ◽  
Andrea Puglisi ◽  
Alessandro Sarracino
Keyword(s):  
Linear Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Fluctuation Dissipation ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Non Equilibrium

We investigate the non-equilibrium character of self-propelled particles through the study of the linear response of the active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particle (AOUP) model. We express the linear response in terms of correlations computed in the absence of perturbations, proposing a particularly compact and readable fluctuation–dissipation relation (FDR): such an expression explicitly separates equilibrium and non-equilibrium contributions due to self-propulsion. As a case study, we consider non-interacting AOUP confined in single-well and double-well potentials. In the former case, we also unveil the effect of dimensionality, studying one-, two-, and three-dimensional dynamics. We show that information about the distance from equilibrium can be deduced from the FDR, putting in evidence the roles of position and velocity variables in the non-equilibrium relaxation.

scholarly journals Minimal model of active colloids highlights the role of mechanical interactions in controlling the emergent behavior of active matter

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cristina Marchetti ◽  
Yaouen Fily ◽  
Silke Henkes ◽  
Adam Patch ◽  
David Yllanes
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Model ◽  
Emergent Behavior ◽  
Active Matter

scholarly journals Entropy Production in Field Theories without Time-Reversal Symmetry: Quantifying the Non-Equilibrium Character of Active Matter

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Nardini ◽  
Étienne Fodor ◽  
Elsen Tjhung ◽  
Frédéric van Wijland ◽  
Julien Tailleur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entropy Production ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Time Reversal Symmetry ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Non-equilibrium glass transitions in driven and active matter

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Berthier ◽  
Jorge Kurchan
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transitions ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Controlling Organization and Forces in Active Matter Through Optically-Defined Boundaries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler D. Ross ◽  
Heun Jin Lee ◽  
Zijie Qu ◽  
Rachel A. Banks ◽  
Rob Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Equilibrium Structures ◽  
Microtubule Networks ◽  
Spatiotemporal Control ◽  
Individual Motor ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractLiving systems are capable of locomotion, reconfiguration, and replication. To perform these tasks, cells spatiotemporally coordinate the interactions of force-generating, “active” molecules that create and manipulate non-equilibrium structures and force fields that span up to millimeter length scales [1–3]. Experimental active matter systems of biological or synthetic molecules are capable of spontaneously organizing into structures [4, 5] and generating global flows [6–9]. However, these experimental systems lack the spatiotemporal control found in cells, limiting their utility for studying non-equilibrium phenomena and bioinspired engineering. Here, we uncover non-equilibrium phenomena and principles by optically controlling structures and fluid flow in an engineered system of active biomolecules. Our engineered system consists of purified microtubules and light-activatable motor proteins that crosslink and organize microtubules into distinct structures upon illumination. We develop basic operations, defined as sets of light patterns, to create, move, and merge microtubule structures. By composing these basic operations, we are able to create microtubule networks that span several hundred microns in length and contract at speeds up to an order of magnitude faster than the speed of an individual motor. We manipulate these contractile networks to generate and sculpt persistent fluid flows. The principles of boundary-mediated control we uncover may be used to study emergent cellular structures and forces and to develop programmable active matter devices.

scholarly journals Kinesin and Myosin Motors Compete to Drive Rich Multi-Phase Dynamics in Programmable Cytoskeletal Composites

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Achiriloaie ◽  
Christopher Currie ◽  
Jonathan Michel ◽  
Maya Hendija ◽  
K Alice Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Cells ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Advective Flow ◽  
Phase Dynamics ◽  
Equilibrium Dynamics ◽  
Single Force ◽  
Myosin Motors ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Acting In Concert ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Abstract The cytoskeleton of biological cells relies on a diverse population of motors, filaments, and binding proteins acting in concert to enable non-equilibrium processes ranging from mitosis to chemotaxis. The cytoskeleton’s versatile reconfigurability, programmed by interactions between its constituents, make it a foundational active matter platform. However, current active matter endeavors are limited largely to single force-generating components acting on a single substrate – far from the composite cytoskeleton in live cells. Here, we engineer actin-microtubule composites, driven by kinesin and myosin motors and tuned by crosslinkers, that restructure into diverse morphologies from interpenetrating filamentous networks to de-mixed amorphous clusters. Our Fourier analyses reveal that kinesin and myosin compete to delay kinesin-driven restructuring and suppress de-mixing and flow, while crosslinking accelerates reorganization and promotes actin-microtubule correlations. The phase space of non-equilibrium dynamics falls into three broad classes– slow reconfiguration, fast advective flow, and multi-mode ballistic dynamics – with structure-dynamics relations described by the relative contributions of elastic and dissipative responses to motor-generated forces.

scholarly journals Aggregation dynamics of active rotating particles in dense passive media

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (19) ◽  
pp. 3929-3937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan L. Aragones ◽  
Joshua P. Steimel ◽  
Alfredo Alexander-Katz
Keyword(s):  
Active Matter ◽  
Effective Interactions ◽  
Equilibrium Behavior ◽  
Active Particles ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Active matter systems are able to exhibit emergent non-equilibrium behavior due to activity-induced effective interactions between the active particles.

scholarly journals Emergence of lanes and turbulent-like motion in active spinner fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody J. Reeves ◽  
Igor S. Aranson ◽  
Petia M. Vlahovska
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Fluid Inertia ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractAssemblies of self-rotating particles are gaining interest as a novel realization of active matter with unique collective behaviors such as edge currents and non-trivial dynamic states. Here, we develop a continuum model for a system of fluid-embedded spinners by coarse-graining the equations of motion of the discrete particles. We apply the model to explore mixtures of clockwise and counterclockwise rotating spinners. We find that the dynamics is sensitive to fluid inertia; in the inertialess system, after transient turbulent-like motion the spinners segregate and form steady traffic lanes. At small but finite Reynolds number instead, the turbulent-like motion persists and the system exhibits a chirality breaking transition leading to a single rotation sense state. Our results shed light on the dynamic behavior of non-equilibrium materials exemplified by active spinners.

Application of analytical electron microscopy to studies of equilibrium and non-equilibrium segregation in materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1214-1215
Author(s):  
Edward A Kenik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Probe Diameter ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Solute Atoms ◽  
Equilibrium Segregation ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Segregation of solute atoms to grain boundaries, dislocations, and other extended defects can occur under thermal equilibrium or non-equilibrium conditions, such as quenching, irradiation, or precipitation. Generally, equilibrium segregation is narrow (near monolayer coverage at planar defects), whereas non-equilibrium segregation exhibits profiles of larger spatial extent, associated with diffusion of point defects or solute atoms. Analytical electron microscopy provides tools both to measure the segregation and to characterize the defect at which the segregation occurs. This is especially true of instruments that can achieve fine (<2 nm width), high current probes and as such, provide high spatial resolution analysis and characterization capability. Analysis was performed in a Philips EM400T/FEG operated in the scanning transmission mode with a probe diameter of <2 nm (FWTM). The instrument is equipped with EDAX 9100/70 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and Gatan 666 parallel detection electron energy loss spectrometry (PEELS) systems. A double-tilt, liquid-nitrogen-cooled specimen holder was employed for microanalysis in order to minimize contamination under the focussed spot.

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