scholarly journals Focusing, sorting, and separating microplastics by serial faradaic ion concentration polarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 5547-5558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin D. Davies ◽  
Richard M. Crooks
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Electric Field Gradients ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Ion Concentration Polarization

Electric field gradients formed by electrochemical processes at bipolar electrodes continuously direct the flow of charged objects in microfluidic devices.

scholarly journals Direct Numerical Simulation of Seawater Desalination Based on Ion Concentration Polarization

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Dilin Chen ◽  
Jian Ye ◽  
Lai Zhang ◽  
Teng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Transmembrane Voltage ◽  
Ion Concentration Polarization

The problem of water shortage needs to be solved urgently. The membrane-embedded microchannel structure based on the ion concentration polarization (ICP) desalination effect is a potential portable desalination device with low energy consumption and high efficiency. The electroosmotic flow in the microchannel of the cation exchange membrane and the desalination effect of the system are numerically analyzed. The results show that when the horizontal electric field intensity is 2 kV/m and the transmembrane voltage is 400 mV, the desalting efficiency reaches 97.3%. When the electric field strength increases to 20 kV/m, the desalination efficiency is reduced by 2%. In terms of fluid motion, under the action of the transmembrane voltage, two reverse eddy currents are formed on the surface of the membrane due to the opposite electric field and pressure difference on both sides of the membrane, forming a pumping effect. The electromotive force in the channel exhibits significant pressure-flow characteristics with a slip boundary at a speed approximately six times that of a non-membrane microchannel.

scholarly journals Out-of-plane faradaic ion concentration polarization: stable focusing of charged analytes at a three-dimensional porous electrode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrise Berzina ◽  
Sungu Kim ◽  
Umesha Peramune ◽  
Kumar Saurabh ◽  
Baskar Ganapathysubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Channel Cross Section ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Ion Concentration Polarization ◽  
3D Electrode

Ion concentration polarization (ICP) accomplishes preconcentration for bioanalysis by localized depletion of electrolyte ions, thereby generating a gradient in electric field strength that facilitates electrokinetic focusing of charged analytes by their electromigration against opposing fluid flow. Such ICP focusing has been shown to accomplish up to a million-fold enrichment of nucleic acids and proteins in single-stage preconcentrators. However, the rate at which the sample volume is swept is limited, requiring several hours to achieve these high enrichment factors. This limitation is caused by two factors. First, an ion depleted zone (IDZ) formed at a planar membrane or electrode may not extend across the full channel cross section, thereby allowing the analyte “leak” past the IDZ. Second, within the IDZ, large fluid vortices lead to mixing, which decreases the efficiency of analyte enrichment and worsens with increased channel dimensions. Here, we address these challenges with faradaic ICP (fICP) at a three-dimensional (3D) electrode comprising metallic microbeads. This 3D-electrode distributes the IDZ, and therefore, the electric field gradient utilized for counter-flow focusing across the full height of the fluidic channel, and its large area, microstructured surface supports smaller vortices. An additional bed of insulating microbeads restricts flow patterns and supplies a large area for surface conduction of ions through the IDZ. Finally, the resistance of this secondary bed enhances focusing by locally strengthening sequestering forces. This easy-to-build platform lays a foundation for the integration of enrichment with user-defined packed bed and electrode materials.

scholarly journals Out-of-plane faradaic ion concentration polarization: stable focusing of charged analytes at a three-dimensional porous electrode

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrise Berzina ◽  
Sungu Kim ◽  
Umesha Peramune ◽  
Kumar Saurabh ◽  
Baskar Ganapathysubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentration Polarization ◽  
Out Of Plane

Ion concentration polarization (ICP) accomplishes preconcentration for bioanalysis by localized depletion of electrolyte ions, thereby generating a gradient in electric field strength that facilitates electrokinetic focusing of charged analytes by...

Electric Field Driven Control and Manipulation of Particles in Multiple Designs of Microfluidic Devices Including the Electrothermal Effects

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwanath Mulukutla ◽  
Boris Khusid ◽  
Hongjun Song ◽  
Dawn J. Bennett ◽  
Conrad James
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Electric Field Gradients ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
Research Corporation ◽  
Electrothermal Effects

Micro-total-analytical systems for analyzing chemical/biological substances are now used across a wide variety of applications ranging from biological warfare agent detection to the healthcare industry. The first step in the operation of such systems consists of concentrating and separating the analytes of interest from the background matrix and positioning these analytes into selected locations for subsequent analysis. Electro-kinetic and electro-hydrodynamic techniques for manipulating particles in suspension are highly used in microsystems eliminating the need for movable parts. In addition, because of the high surface to volume ratio there is efficient dissipation of Joule heating. Here, we analyze the electric field distribution and particle motion in microfluidic devices with a variety of electrode configurations. First, we consider the particle motion and electric field gradient in our recently developed technique of dielectric gating. We consider the particle motion and numerical simulation results using the Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Corporation (CFDRC) code in 2D designs. In addition, the electrothermal effects within the channel are examined. Next, we consider triangular and trapezoidal electrode configurations as well as single stream particle delivery. We study the particle motion, electric field gradients, and electrothermal effects in these designs. Computer simulations and experimental results are compared.

scholarly journals Out-of-plane faradaic ion concentration polarization: stable focusing of charged analytes at a three-dimensional porous electrode

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrise Berzina ◽  
Sungu Kim ◽  
Umesha Peramune ◽  
Kumar Saurabh ◽  
Baskar Ganapathysubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Channel Cross Section ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Ion Concentration Polarization ◽  
3D Electrode

Ion concentration polarization (ICP) accomplishes preconcentration for bioanalysis by localized depletion of electrolyte ions, thereby generating a gradient in electric field strength that facilitates electrokinetic focusing of charged analytes by their electromigration against opposing fluid flow. Such ICP focusing has been shown to accomplish up to a million-fold enrichment of nucleic acids and proteins in single-stage preconcentrators. However, the rate at which the sample volume is swept is limited, requiring several hours to achieve these high enrichment factors. This limitation is caused by two factors. First, an ion depleted zone (IDZ) formed at a planar membrane or electrode may not extend across the full channel cross section under the flow rate employed for focusing, thereby allowing the analyte “leak” past the IDZ. Second, within the IDZ, large fluid vortices lead to mixing, which decreases the efficiency of analyte enrichment and worsens with increased channel dimensions. Here, we address these challenges with faradaic ICP (fICP) at a three-dimensional (3D) electrode comprising metallic microbeads. This 3D-electrode distributes the IDZ, and therefore, the electric field gradient utilized for counter-flow focusing across the full height of the fluidic channel, and its large area, microstructured surface supports smaller vortices. An additional bed of insulating microbeads restricts flow patterns and supplies a large area for surface conduction of ions through the IDZ. Finally, the resistance of this secondary bed enhances focusing by locally strengthening sequestering forces. This easy-to-build platform lays a foundation for the integration of enrichment with user-defined packed bed and electrode materials.

Effects of non-axial electric field gradients on the ferromagnetic state of amorphous rare-earth alloys

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hernandez ◽  
R. Ferrer ◽  
M. J. Zuckermann
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Ferromagnetic State ◽  
Rare Earth Alloys ◽  
Electric Field Gradients ◽  
Axial Electric Field ◽  
Ferromagnetic Alloys ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
Ordered State

We discuss the influence of non-axial electric field gradients on the ordered state of amorphous ferromagnetic alloys containing rare-earth atoms.

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