scholarly journals Impact of ammonium sulfite-based sequential pretreatment combinations on two distinct saccharifications of wheat straw

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (29) ◽  
pp. 17129-17142
Author(s):  
Guang Yu ◽  
Shiyue Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Feng ◽  
Yuedong Zhang ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Sugar Release ◽  
Ammonium Sulfite ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Sequential Pretreatment ◽  
Fungal Cellulase ◽  
The Impact

The impact of substrate properties on wheat straw sugar release from fungal cellulase and whole cell-based CBS was comparatively investigated.

scholarly journals Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture: New Technologies and Cultivation Practices

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Athanasios Koukounaras
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Greenhouse Horticulture ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Greenhouse horticulture is one of the most intensive agricultural systems, with the advantages of environmental parameter control (temperature, light, etc.), higher efficiency of resource utilization (water, fertilizers, etc.) and the use of advanced technologies (hydroponics, automation, etc.) for higher productivity, earliness, stability of production and better quality. On the other hand, climate change and the application of high inputs without suitable management could have negative impacts on the expansion of the greenhouse horticulture sector. This special issue gathers twelve papers: three reviews and nine of original research. There is one review that focuses on irrigation of greenhouse crops, while a second surveys the effects of biochar on container substrate properties and plant growth. A third review examines the impact of light quality on plant–microbe interactions, especially non-phototrophic organisms. The research papers report both the use of new technologies as well as advanced cultivation practices. In particular, new technologies are presented such as dye-sensitized solar cells for the glass cover of a greenhouse, automation for water and nitrogen deficit stress detection in soilless tomato crops based on spectral indices, light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and gibberellic acid supplementation on potted ornamentals, the integration of brewery wastewater treatment through anaerobic digestion with substrate-based soilless agriculture, and application of diatomaceous earth as a silica supplement on potted ornamentals. Research studies about cultivation practices are presented comparing different systems (organic-conventional, aeroponic-nutrient film technique (NFT)-substrate culture), quantitative criteria for determining the quality of grafted seedlings, and of wild species as alternative crops for cultivation.

scholarly journals Blind Spots in Methods Based on Cultivation and Metagenomic Sequencing for Surface Microbiomes in a Medical Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s141-s142
Author(s):  
Jiaxian Shen ◽  
Alexander McFarland ◽  
Ryan Blaustein ◽  
Mary Hayden ◽  
Vincent Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Medical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Medical Intensive Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blind Spots

Background: Cultivation of targeted pathogens has been long recognized as a gold standard for healthcare surveillance. However, there is an emergent need to characterize all viable microorganisms in healthcare facilities to understand the role that both clinical and nonclinical microorganisms play in healthcare-associated infections. Metagenomic sequencing allows detection of entire microbial communities, in contrast to targeted identification by cultivation. Widespread application of metagenomic sequencing has been impeded in part because the sensitivity and specificity are unknown, which inhibits our ability to interpret results for risk assessment. To assess the impact of sample preparation methods on sensitivity and specificity, we compared several pretreatment steps followed by metagenomic sequencing, and we performed culture-based analyses. Methods: We collected 120 surface swabs from the medical intensive care unit at Rush University Medical Center, which we aggregated to create a representative microbiome sample. We then subjected aliquots to different processing methods (DNA extraction methods, internal standard addition, propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment, and whole-cell serial filtration). We evaluated the effects of these methods based on DNA yields and metagenomic sequencing outcomes. We also compared the metagenomic results to the microbial identifications obtained by cultivation using environmental microbiology methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Results: Our results demonstrate that bead-beating and heat lysis followed by liquid-liquid extraction is the optimal method for the identification of low-biomass surface-associated microbes, as opposed to widely used column-based and magnetic bead-based methods. For low-biomass surface-associated samples, ~590,000 reads per sample are sufficient for ≍90% coverage in metagenomic sequencing (Fig. 1). The ZymoBIOMICS microbial community standard is not appropriate for methods assessing membrane integrity. For the identification of putatively viable microorganisms, PMA treatment is promising, although elimination of signals from nonviable organisms will reduce the overall detectable signal. Combining PMA-treated metagenomic sequencing with cultivation yields the most comprehensive results, particularly for low-abundance taxa, despite high sequencing coverage (Fig. 2). To distribute more detection resources to bacteria, our target domain, we tried whole-cell filtration prior to extraction, attempting to isolate bacterial cells from eukaryotic cells and other particles. For low-biomass surface-associated samples, the sample loss and the difficulties in performing filtration outweigh the slight increase of bacterial signal. Conclusions: Despite optimization, we observed certain blind spots in both cultivation and metagenomic sequencing. This information is essential for informed risk assessment. Further research is needed to identify additional limitations to ensure that results from metagenomic sequencing can be interpreted in the context of healthcare-acquired infection prevention.Funding: This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (BAA FY2018-OADS-01 Contract 02915).Disclosures: None

The impact of substrate properties and thermal annealing on tantalum nitride thin films

2012 ◽  
Vol 258 (7) ◽  
pp. 2894-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Grosser ◽  
M. Münch ◽  
H. Seidel ◽  
C. Bienert ◽  
A. Roosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Tantalum Nitride ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to low temperature prepares the turtle brain to withstand anoxic environments during overwintering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Lari ◽  
Leslie T. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Painted Turtle ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
The Impact

In most vertebrates, anoxia drastically reduces the production of the essential adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to power its many necessary functions, and consequently, cell death occurs within minutes. However, some vertebrates, such as the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii), have evolved the ability to survive months without oxygen by simultaneously decreasing ATP supply and demand, surviving the anoxic period without any apparent cellular damage. The impact of anoxia on the metabolic function of painted turtles has received a lot of attention. Still, the impact of low temperature has received less attention and the interactive effect of anoxia and temperature even less. In the present study, we investigated the interactive impacts of reduced temperature and severe hypoxia on the electrophysiological properties of pyramidal neurons in painted turtle cerebral cortex. Our results show that an acute reduction in temperature from 20 to 5°C decreases membrane potential, action potential width and amplitude, and whole-cell conductance. Importantly, acute exposure to 5°C considerably slows membrane repolarization by voltage-gated K+ channels. Exposing pyramidal cells to severe hypoxia in addition to an acute temperature change slightly depolarized membrane potential but did not alter action potential amplitude or width and whole-cell conductance. These results suggest that acclimation to low temperatures, preceding severe environmental hypoxia, induces cellular responses in pyramidal neurons that facilitate survival under low oxygen concentration. In particular, our results show that temperature acclimation invokes a change in voltage-gated K+ channel kinetics that overcomes the acute inhibition of the channel.

scholarly journals Effects of Rich in Β-Glucans Edible Mushrooms on Aging Gut Microbiota Characteristics: An In Vitro Study

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evdokia K. Mitsou ◽  
Georgia Saxami ◽  
Emmanuela Stamoulou ◽  
Evangelia Kerezoudi ◽  
Eirini Terzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Alterations of gut microbiota are evident during the aging process. Prebiotics may restore the gut microbial balance, with β-glucans emerging as prebiotic candidates. This study aimed to investigate the impact of edible mushrooms rich in β-glucans on the gut microbiota composition and metabolites by using in vitro static batch culture fermentations and fecal inocula from elderly donors (n = 8). Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, Hericium erinaceus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms derived from various substrates were examined. Gut microbiota composition (quantitative PCR (qPCR)) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; gas chromatography (GC)) were determined during the 24-h fermentation. P. eryngii induced a strong lactogenic effect, while P. ostreatus and C. cylindracea induced a significant bifidogenic effect (p for all <0.05). Furthermore, P. eryngii produced on wheat straw and the prebiotic inulin had comparable Prebiotic Indexes, while P. eryngii produced on wheat straw/grape marc significantly increased the levels of tested butyrate producers. P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and C. cylindracea had similar trends in SCFA profile; H. erinaceus mushrooms were more diverse, especially in the production of propionate, butyrate and branched SCFAs. In conclusion, mushrooms rich in β-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects in gut microbiota and/or SCFAs production in elderly subjects.

The impact of glycerol organosolv pretreatment on the chemistry and enzymatic hydrolyzability of wheat straw

2015 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fubao Fuelbiol Sun ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Jiapeng Hong ◽  
Junli Ren ◽  
Fengguang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Organosolv Pretreatment ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals CNT-Based Inkjet-Printed RF Gas Sensor: Modification of Substrate Properties during the Fabrication Process

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien George ◽  
Aymen Abdelghani ◽  
Prince Bahoumina ◽  
Olivier Tantot ◽  
Dominique Baillargeat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Microstrip Technology ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Silver Ink ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the feasibility of a fully inkjet-printed, microwave flexible gas sensor based on a resonant electromagnetic transducer in microstrip technology and the impact of the printing process that affects the characteristics of the gas sensor. The sensor is fabricated using silver ink and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded in poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene (PEDOT: PSS-MWCNTs) as sensitive material for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) detection. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of the printed materials and the paper substrate. The manufacturing process results in a change in relative permittivity of the paper substrate by nearly 20%. Electrical characterization, made in the presence of gas, validates our theoretical approach and the radiofrequency (RF) gas sensor proof of concept.

The impact of age on the right atrial substrate properties in patients with typical atrial flutter

Heart Rhythm ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. S190
Author(s):  
Tu-Ying Liu ◽  
Yenn-Jiang Lin ◽  
Mary Gertrude Y. Ong ◽  
Shih-Lin Chang ◽  
Ching-Tai Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Flutter ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Typical Atrial Flutter ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact
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