scholarly journals Fusion of aggregation-induced emission and photochromics for promising photoresponsive smart materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 3153-3175
Author(s):  
Qing Yan ◽  
Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Photochromic Materials ◽  
Made In

This review summarizes the recent progresses made in AIE-active photochromic materials with respect to molecular structures, material morphology, and practical applications.

4D printing technology, modern era: A short review

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-111
Author(s):  
Khodadad Mostakim ◽  
Nahid Imtiaz Masuk ◽  
Md. Rakib Hasan ◽  
Md. Shafikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Novel Material

The advancement in 3D printing has led to the rapid growth of 4D printing technology. Adding time, as the fourth dimension, this technology ushered the potential of a massive evolution in fields of biomedical technologies, space applications, deployable structures, manufacturing industries, and so forth. This technology performs ingenious design, using smart materials to create advanced forms of the 3-D printed specimen. Improvements in Computer-aided design, additive manufacturing process, and material science engineering have ultimately favored the growth of 4-D printing innovation and revealed an effective method to gather complex 3-D structures. Contrast to all these developments, novel material is still a challenging sector. However, this short review illustrates the basic of 4D printing, summarizes the stimuli responsive materials properties, which have prominent role in the field of 4D technology. In addition, the practical applications are depicted and the potential prospect of this technology is put forward.

Visualizing 3D Molecular Structures Using an Augmented Reality App

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Eriksen ◽  
Bjarne Nielsen ◽  
Michael Pittelkow
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Programming Skills ◽  
2D Space ◽  
Made In

<p>We present a simple procedure to make an augmented reality app to visualize any 3D chemical model. The molecular structure may be based on data from crystallographic data or from computer modelling. This guide is made in such a way, that no programming skills are needed and the procedure uses free software and is a way to visualize 3D structures that are normally difficult to comprehend in the 2D space of paper. The process can be applied to make 3D representation of any 2D object, and we envisage the app to be useful when visualizing simple stereochemical problems, when presenting a complex 3D structure on a poster presentation or even in audio-visual presentations. The method works for all molecules including small molecules, supramolecular structures, MOFs and biomacromolecules.</p>

scholarly journals Photocontrolled multiple-state photochromic benzo[b]phosphole thieno[3,2-b]phosphole-containing alkynylgold(I) complex via selective light irradiation

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Man-Wai Wu ◽  
Maggie Ng ◽  
Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Optical Memory ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Intramolecular Quenching ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Multiple State ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Photochromic Materials

AbstractPhotochromic materials have drawn growing attention because using light as a stimulus has been regarded as a convenient and environmental-friendly way to control properties of smart materials. While photoresponsive systems that are capable of showing multiple-state photochromism are attractive, the development of materials with such capabilities has remained a challenging task. Here we show that a benzo[b]phosphole thieno[3,2‑b]phosphole-containing alkynylgold(I) complex features multiple photoinduced color changes, in which the gold(I) metal center plays an important role in separating two photoactive units that leads to the suppression of intramolecular quenching processes of the excited states. More importantly, the exclusive photochemical reactivity of the thieno[3,2‑b]phosphole moiety of the gold(I) complex can be initiated upon photoirradiation of visible light. Stepwise photochromism of the gold(I) complex has been made possible, offering an effective strategy for the construction of multiple-state photochromic materials with multiple photocontrolled states to enhance the storage capacity of potential optical memory devices.

scholarly journals Damping in magnetorheological elastomers under compressive stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 06002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kukla ◽  
Krzysztof Talaśka ◽  
Ireneusz Malujda
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Machine Construction ◽  
Vibration Absorbers ◽  
Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Hysteresis ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Active Vibration ◽  
Energy Absorbers

Magnetorheological elastomers are an important area of study in non-classical engineering materials. These are smart materials, in which some of the physical properties are dependent on the applied magnetic field. This unique property allows to suggest new, innovative practical applications. It is therefore relevant to carry out studies in the possible application of magnetorheological elastomers in machine construction. The present article presents the results of study regarding the properties of the discussed materials subject to compressive stresses. Particular attention is given to the observed growth of surface area of mechanical hysteresis loops, which is evidence of the possibility to change the damping properties of magnetorheological elastomers. This property can be utilized in the construction of different types of machines and devices. These mostly applies to energy absorbers such as active vibration absorbers.

A recurrent neural network–based model for predicting bending behavior of ionic polymer–metal composite actuators

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (17) ◽  
pp. 1973-1985
Author(s):  
Hojat Zamyad ◽  
Nadia Naghavi ◽  
Reza Godaz ◽  
Reza Monsefi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Autoregressive Models ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Application Potential

The high application potential of ionic polymer–metal composites has made the behavior identification of this group of smart materials an attractive area. So far, several models have been proposed to predict the bending of an ionic polymer–metal composite actuator, but these models have some weaknesses, the most important of them are the use of output data (in autoregressive models), high complexity to achieve a proper precision (in non-autoregressive models), and lack of compatibility with the behavioral nature of the material. In this article, we present a hybrid model of parallel non-autoregressive recurrent networks with internal memory cells to overcome existing weaknesses. The validation results on experimental data show that the proposed model has acceptable accuracy and flexibility. Moreover, simplicity and compatibility with the behavioral nature of the material promote using the proposed model in practical applications.

scholarly journals On the Application of Fourier Decomposition Parameters

1993 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
J. O. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Amplitude Ratios ◽  
Fourier Decomposition ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Convincing Argument ◽  
Lee Form ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Made In ◽  
Phase Differences

The application of Fourier decomposition parameters has revolutionized important areas of investigations of Cepheid type variables since the introduction of Fourier analysis in its modern form by Simon and Lee (1981).In the literature several different representations of the results of Fourier analysis have been utilized. In view of the growing interest for applications of Fourier decomposition it is important to use and publish Fourier data in an optimal way. Most studies until now have used amplitude ratios and phase differences derived from traditional light curves giving the light variation in magnitudes, following the original recipe of Simon and Lee (1981). However, Stellingwerf and Donohoe (1986) advocated the use of phases rather than phase differences. Recently, Buchler et al. (1990) argued that the standard Simon & Lee form contains all relevant physics, and suggested analysis of flux-values rather than of magnitudes, because this removes the distorting effects of constant, false light. Thus there are many choices to be made in practical applications of Fourier analysis, and there is at present no convincing argument for preferring one specific representation.

scholarly journals Martyrs made in the sky: the Zénith balloon tragedy and the construction of the French Third Republic's first scientific heroes

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-386
Author(s):  
Patrick Luiz Sullivan De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Made In

Following the balloon's invention in 1783, the French greeted the technology with enthusiasm, speculating extensively about its potential scientific and practical applications. However, the lack of progress in navigating against the winds discredited ballooning, and in the following decades it became the domain of spectacular forms of entertainment and of swindlers trying to defraud public subscriptions. All of this changed after the 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War, during which balloons were used to breach the siege of Paris. This essay explores how the aeronautical community, led by the recently established Société Française de Navigation Aérienne, mobilized the memory of the war to transform the balloon into a symbol of a heroic republican science. Paramount in that process was the Zénith 's 1875 high-altitude ascent that killed two aeronauts—Joseph Crocé-Spinelli and Théodore Sivel. The tragedy reverberated beyond France's scientific community, and through popular acclaim the two aeronauts became the Third Republic's first scientific martyrs, anticipating the eventual apotheoses of figures like Claude Bernard and Louis Pasteur. The ballooning revival in the last third of the century helped strengthen the association between France and aeronautics, thus setting the stage for the country to acquire a central position in the field by the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals Recent Patents and Designs on Hip Replacement Prostheses

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Derar ◽  
M Shahinpoor
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Hip Replacement Surgery ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

Hip replacement surgery has gone through tremendous evolution since the first procedure in 1840. In the past five decades the advances that have been made in technology, advanced and smart materials innovations, surgical techniques, robotic surgery and methods of fixations and sterilization, facilitated hip implants that undergo multiple design revolutions seeking the least problematic implants and a longer survivorship. Hip surgery has become a solution for many in need of hip joint remedy and replacement across the globe. Nevertheless, there are still long-term problems that are essential to search and resolve to find the optimum implant. This paper reviews several recent patents on hip replacement surgery. The patents present various designs of prostheses, different materials as well as methods of fixation. Each of the patents presents a new design as a solution to different issues ranging from the longevity of the hip prostheses to discomfort and inconvenience experienced by patients in the long-term.

scholarly journals Shape-Memory Polymeric Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Chen ◽  
Chi Chen ◽  
Hafeez Ur Rehman ◽  
Xu Zheng ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Linkage Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liquid Crystal Elastomers ◽  
Made In

Shape-memory materials are smart materials that can remember an original shape and return to their unique state from a deformed secondary shape in the presence of an appropriate stimulus. This property allows these materials to be used as shape-memory artificial muscles, which form a subclass of artificial muscles. The shape-memory artificial muscles are fabricated from shape-memory polymers (SMPs) by twist insertion, shape fixation via Tm or Tg, or by liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). The prepared SMP artificial muscles can be used in a wide range of applications, from biomimetic and soft robotics to actuators, because they can be operated without sophisticated linkage design and can achieve complex final shapes. Recently, significant achievements have been made in fabrication, modelling, and manipulation of SMP-based artificial muscles. This paper presents a review of the recent progress in shape-memory polymer-based artificial muscles. Here we focus on the mechanisms of SMPs, applications of SMPs as artificial muscles, and the challenges they face concerning actuation. While shape-memory behavior has been demonstrated in several stimulated environments, our focus is on thermal-, photo-, and electrical-actuated SMP artificial muscles.

Quantifying Voc loss induced by alkyl pendants of acceptors in organic solar cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (36) ◽  
pp. 12568-12577
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
Zhong Zheng ◽  
Ye Xu ◽  
Jianqiu Wang ◽  
Yafei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Optoelectronic Properties ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Bulk Heterojunctions ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Made In

In the organic photovoltaic community, extensive efforts have been made in proposing resolutions for depressing Voc loss related to the molecular structures and optoelectronic properties of materials in bulk heterojunctions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document