Electrocatalysis in Confined Spaces: Interplay between Well-defined Materials and the Microenvironment

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Han ◽  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Zihao Yan ◽  
Mengxia Ji ◽  
Christopher Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Highly Efficient

Catalysis in a confined space has attracted much attention due to the simultaneously designable nature of active sites and their microenvironment, leading to a broad spectrum of highly efficient chemical...

Efficient spatial charge separation in unique 2D tandem heterojunction CdxZn1−xIn2S4–CdS–MoS2 rendering highly-promoted visible-light-induced H2 generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-491
Author(s):  
Jiakun Wu ◽  
Bowen Sun ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Ying Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Effective Charge ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
H2 Generation ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Spatial Charge

Unique 2D heterostructures CdxZn1−xIn2S4–CdS–MoS2 with effective charge separation, excellent light-harvest, and abundant active sites are highly-efficient for photocatalytic H2 evolution.

Highly Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activation by Surface Oxidized Nickel Phosphide with Dual Active Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (51) ◽  
pp. 22040-22048
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Wan ◽  
Dandan Qian ◽  
Lunhong Ai ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Nickel Phosphide ◽  
Highly Efficient

Abundant Active Sites on the Basal Plane and Edges of Layered van der Waals Fe3GeTe2 for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
Amir A. Rezaie ◽  
Eunsoo Lee ◽  
Diana Luong ◽  
Johan A. Yapo ◽  
Boniface P. T. Fokwa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Highly Efficient

Highly Efficient Proton-Assisted Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction over 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid-Capped CdS Quantum Dots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc-Trung Nguyen ◽  
Anis Chouat ◽  
Trong-On Do
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Cds Quantum Dots ◽  
Capping Agents ◽  
Mercaptopropionic Acid ◽  
Highly Efficient

Herein, we demonstrate that 3-mercaptopropionate capping agents on CdS quantum dots' surface could serve as proton shutters and localize protons near the active sites toward an efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction....

Controlled Construction of Cu(I) Sites within Confined Spaces via Host–Guest Redox: Highly Efficient Adsorbents for Selective CO Adsorption

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 40044-40053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xia Li ◽  
Yu-Nong Ji ◽  
Meng-Meng Jin ◽  
Shi-Chao Qi ◽  
Shuai-Shuai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co Adsorption ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Highly Efficient

3D self-assembled VS4 microspheres with high pseudocapacitance as highly efficient anodes for Na-ion batteries

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 21671-21680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Jianfeng Huang ◽  
Liangliang Feng ◽  
Liyun Cao ◽  
Shuwei He
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Rate Capability ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Pseudocapacitive Behavior ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Cycling Life

The decreasing crystallinity of VS4 microspheres greatly increases the surface active sites, and then promotes the pseudocapacitive behavior, and finally leads to the high capacity, long cycling life and high rate capability.

scholarly journals Cockroaches traverse crevices, crawl rapidly in confined spaces, and inspire a soft, legged robot

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. E950-E957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Jayaram ◽  
Robert J. Full
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Legged Robot ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Biological Inspiration ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Postural Changes

Jointed exoskeletons permit rapid appendage-driven locomotion but retain the soft-bodied, shape-changing ability to explore confined environments. We challenged cockroaches with horizontal crevices smaller than a quarter of their standing body height. Cockroaches rapidly traversed crevices in 300–800 ms by compressing their body 40–60%. High-speed videography revealed crevice negotiation to be a complex, discontinuous maneuver. After traversing horizontal crevices to enter a vertically confined space, cockroaches crawled at velocities approaching 60 cm⋅s−1, despite body compression and postural changes. Running velocity, stride length, and stride period only decreased at the smallest crevice height (4 mm), whereas slipping and the probability of zigzag paths increased. To explain confined-space running performance limits, we altered ceiling and ground friction. Increased ceiling friction decreased velocity by decreasing stride length and increasing slipping. Increased ground friction resulted in velocity and stride length attaining a maximum at intermediate friction levels. These data support a model of an unexplored mode of locomotion—“body-friction legged crawling” with body drag, friction-dominated leg thrust, but no media flow as in air, water, or sand. To define the limits of body compression in confined spaces, we conducted dynamic compressive cycle tests on living animals. Exoskeletal strength allowed cockroaches to withstand forces 300 times body weight when traversing the smallest crevices and up to nearly 900 times body weight without injury. Cockroach exoskeletons provided biological inspiration for the manufacture of an origami-style, soft, legged robot that can locomote rapidly in both open and confined spaces.

scholarly journals Droplet and Aerosol Suspension Times in Ambient Air in Confined Spaces and Transmission of COVID-19: Influence of Environmental Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-506
Author(s):  
M. R. Islam ◽  
S. H. Naqib
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Aerosol Droplet ◽  
Exhaled Air ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

The COVID‑19 pandemic, alternatively known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an unfolding pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) across the entire globe in an unprecedented proportion. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The mode of transmission of COVID-19 is a subject of intense research. The airborne transmission is one prime possibility. Breathing and talking are natural processes which generate exhaled particles. The exhaled air is an aerosol/droplet composed of naturally produced particulates of varying size. The duration over which the aerosols/droplets are suspended in the air is an important factor. Long suspended aerosols/droplets are potential source of transmission, particularly in confined spaces. We have calculated times of suspension by considering various environmental factors, namely, the ambient temperature and relative humidity in a confined space, in this work. Both temperature and relative humidity affect the suspension time of the exhaled aerosols/droplets with varying degree. The effects of environmental factors are significant for aerosols, particularly for those with small radii. We have discussed the possible implications of our findings in this paper.

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