Development of a metalloproteomic approach to analyse the response of Arabidopsis cells to uranium stress

<p>This review comments upon the article entitled above. The article is well written and describes an interesting and original study. This review critiques the Method and Discussion sections of the article and offers suggestions for future research. Three specific points from the method are considered relating to: dual roles as researcher-musicians, the use of reflective diaries in research, and the impact on the research of the prior relationship between the authors. The unique role of “written empathy” is discussed within the context of empathic relationships. Also, this review considers how shifts from verbal to non-verbal communication may indicate movement from a “top-down” to “bottom up” response, and how this shift is related to “empathetic attunement.”</p>

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ANALYSIS OF SMES CREDIT RESTRUCTURING POLICY IN ECONOMIC RECOVERY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.24912/jmieb.v5i2.13087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 405

Author(s):

Lussi Agustin ◽

Moh. Yusron Solikin ◽

Zunairoh .

Keyword(s):

Financial Services ◽

Global Economy ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

System Stability ◽

Economic Recovery ◽

Top Down ◽

The Difference ◽

Almost All ◽

Industry Sectors ◽

The Impact

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa maksimal proses kebijakan retrukturisasi Kredit UMKM dalam Pemulihan Ekonomi di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Kondisi perekonomian global sedang mengalami goncangan hebat akibat mewabahnya Covid-19. Dampak dari pandemic ini sangat mempengaruhi segala aspek terutama pada kondisi Kesehatan dan perekonomian suatu negara, tidak terkecuali Indonesia. Secara keseluruhan, hampir semua sektor industry mengalami goncangan dan tidak terkecuali sektor UMKM. Maka dari itu dikeluarkanlah kebijakan retrukturisasi Kredit UMKM guna mendorong optimalisasi fungsi intermediasi pada perbankan dan menjaga stabilitas sistem keuangan serta mendukung pertumbuhan perekonomian. Program restrukturisasi kredit menjadi program dari OJK yang dapat diterapkan oleh perbankan kepada UMKM. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi empiris dari penelitian terdahulu serta peraturan-peraturan terkait dengan restrukturisasi kredit yang dikeluarkan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan restrukturisai kredit bagi UMKM sudah berjalan dan digunakan oleh para pelaku UMKM. Kemudian berdasarkan implementasinya kebijakan ini merupakan kebijakan top-down dimana memerlukan banyak Lembaga untuk bekerja sama dan keputusan berasal dari Peraturan pemerintah baru di teruskan ke Lembaga-lembaga lain di bawahnya hingga informasinya sampai dan bisa dirasakan oleh para UMKM. This research aims to analyze the policy of restructuring SMEs Credit in Economic Recovery during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The global economy is experiencing severe shocks due to the outbreak of Covid-19. The impact of this pandemic greatly affects all aspects, especially on the health and economic condition of a country, not least Indonesia. Overall, almost all industry sectors are experiencing shocks and are no exception to the SMEs sector. Therefore, the policy of restructuring SMEs Credit was issued to encourage optimization of intermediation function in banking and maintain the financial system stability and support economic growth. Credit restructuring program becomes a program from OJK that can be applied by banks to SMEs. The method used in this research is a qualitative method using empirical studies from previous research as well as regulations related to credit restructuring issued by the Financial Services Authority. The results of this research show that the implementation of credit restructuring policy for SMEs is already running and used by SMEs. Then based on the difference in implementation of this policy is a top-down policy that requires many Institutions to cooperate and decisions derived from the new government regulations are forwarded to other institutions under it until the information reaches and can be felt by SMEs.

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The effects of hip- and ankle-focused exercise intervention on dynamic knee valgus: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11731

Author(s):

Farhah Nadhirah Aiman Sahabuddin ◽

Nazatul Izzati Jamaludin ◽

Nurul Hidayah Amir ◽

Shazlin Shaharudin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Free Text ◽

Knee Valgus ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Limb Injuries ◽

The Impact

Background A range of non-contact injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tear, and patellofemoral pain syndrome are caused by disordered knee joint loading from excessive dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Previous systematic reviews showed that DKV could be modified through the influence of hip strength and ankle range of motion. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of exercise intervention which involved either top-down or bottom-up kinetic chains on minimizing DKV in male and female adults and adolescents, with and without existing knee pain. Methodology Electronic searches were conducted in SAGE, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and Pubmed. The search strategy consisted of medical subject headings and free-text search keywords, synonyms and variations of ‘exercise intervention,’ ‘knee alignment,’ ‘dynamic knee valgus’, ‘knee abduction’ that were merged via the Boolean operator ‘AND’ and ‘OR’. The search was conducted on full-text journals that documented the impact of the exercise intervention program involving either the bottom-up or top-down DKV mechanism on the knee kinematics. Furthermore, exercise intervention in this review should last at least one week which included two or three sessions per week. This review also considered both men and women of all ages with a healthy or symptomatic knee problem. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by Cochrane risk assessment tool. The protocol of this review was registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021219121). Results Ten studies with a total of 423 participants (male = 22.7%, female = 77.3%; adults = 249, adolescents = 123; pre-adolescent = 51) met the inclusion criteria of this review. Seven studies showed the significant effects of the exercise intervention program (range from two weeks to ten weeks) on reducing DKV. The exercise training in these seven studies focused on muscle groups directly attached to the knee joint such as hamstrings and gastrocnemius. The remaining three studies did not show significant improvement in DKV after the exercise intervention (range between eight weeks to twelve weeks) probably because they focused on trunk and back muscles instead of muscles crossing the knee joint. Conclusion Exercises targeting specific knee-joint muscles, either from top-down or bottom-up kinetic chain, are likely to reduce DKV formation. These results may assist athletes and coaches to develop effective exercise program that could minimize DKV and ultimately prevent lower limb injuries.

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Key chemical NO<sub>x</sub> sink uncertainties and how they influence top-down emissions of nitrogen oxides

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-13-9057-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 9057-9082 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

T. Stavrakou ◽

J.-F. Müller ◽

K. F. Boersma ◽

R. J. van der A ◽

J. Kurokawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Transport Model ◽

Field Studies ◽

Anthropogenic Source ◽

Oh Radicals ◽

Top Down ◽

Model Calculations ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Recent Developments ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Triggered by recent developments from laboratory and field studies regarding major NOx sink pathways in the troposphere, this study evaluates the influence of chemical uncertainties in NOx sinks for global NOx distributions calculated by the IMAGESv2 chemistry-transport model, and quantifies their significance for top-down NOx emission estimates. Our study focuses on five key chemical parameters believed to be of primary importance, more specifically, the rate of the reaction of NO2 with OH radicals, the newly identified HNO3-forming channel in the reaction of NO with HO2, the reactive uptake of N2O5 and HO2 by aerosols, and the regeneration of OH in the oxidation of isoprene. Sensitivity simulations are performed to estimate the impact of each source of uncertainty. The model calculations show that, although the NO2+OH reaction is the largest NOx sink globally accounting for ca. 60% of the total sink, the reactions contributing the most to the overall uncertainty are the formation of HNO3 in NO+HO2, leading to NOx column changes exceeding a factor of two over tropical regions, and the uptake of HO2 by aqueous aerosols, in particular over East and South Asia. Emission inversion experiments are carried out using model settings which either minimise (MINLOSS) or maximise (MAXLOSS) the total NOx sink, both constrained by one year of OMI NO2 column data from the DOMINO v2 KNMI algorithm. The choice of the model setup is found to have a major impact on the top-down flux estimates, with 75% higher emissions for MAXLOSS compared to the MINLOSS inversion globally. Even larger departures are found for soil NO (factor of 2) and lightning (1.8). The global anthropogenic source is better constrained (factor of 1.57) than the natural sources, except over South Asia where the combined uncertainty primarily associated to the NO+HO2 reaction in summer and HO2 uptake by aerosol in winter lead to top-down emission differences exceeding a factor of 2. Evaluation of the emission optimisation is performed against independent satellite observations from the SCIAMACHY sensor, with airborne NO2 measurements of the INTEX-A and INTEX-B campaigns, as well as with two new bottom-up inventories of anthropogenic emissions in Asia (REASv2) and China (MEIC). Neither the MINLOSS nor the MAXLOSS setup succeeds in providing the best possible match with all independent datasets. Whereas the minimum sink assumption leads to better agreement with aircraft NO2 profile measurements, consistent with the results of a previous analysis (Henderson et al., 2012), the same assumption leads to unrealistic features in the inferred distribution of emissions over China. Clearly, although our study addresses an important issue which was largely overlooked in previous inversion exercises, and demonstrates the strong influence of NOx loss uncertainties on top-down emission fluxes, additional processes need to be considered which could also influence the inferred source.

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Climate change impact chains in the water sector: observations from projects on the East India coast

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2013.118 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 216-232

Author(s):

Sibylle Kabisch ◽

Ronjon Chakrabarti ◽

Till Wolf ◽

Wilhelm Kiewitt ◽

Ty Gorman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Management ◽

Climate Change Impact ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Causal Chain ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Change Impact ◽

The Impact

With regional variations, climate change has a significant impact on water quality deterioration and scarcity, which are serious challenges in developing countries and emerging economies. Often, effective projects to improve water management in the light of climate change are difficult to develop because of the complex interrelations between direct and indirect climate impacts and local perceptions of vulnerabilities and needs. Adaptation projects can be developed through a combination of participatory, bottom-up needs assessments and top-down analyses. Climate change impact chains can help to display the causal chain of climate signals and resulting impacts and thereby establish a system map as a basis for stakeholder discussions. This article aims to develop specific climate change impact chains for the water management sector in rural coastal India that combine bottom-up and top-down perspectives. Case studies from Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, India, provide a basis for the impact chains developed. Bottom-up data were gathered through a vulnerability and needs assessment in 18 villages complemented with top-down research data. The article is divided into four steps: (1) system of interest; (2) data on climate change signals; (3) climate change impacts based on top-down as well as bottom-up information; (4) specific impact chains complemented by initial climate change adaptation options.

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Subjective Fatigue in Children and Adults

Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies - Handbook of Research on Psychosocial Perspectives of Human Communication Disorders ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-4955-0.ch010 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 184-208

Author(s):

Saransh Jain ◽

Suma Raju

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Auditory Processing ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Direct Link ◽

Physical Fatigue ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Top Down ◽

Auditory Cognition ◽

The Impact

Fatigue is a common yet poorly understood topic. The psychological, physiological, social, emotional, and cognitive wellbeing of a person may be affected due to fatigue. Despite a century of research in understanding the effect of fatigue on human systems, there is no concrete explanation as how fatigue affects the perception of speech. Fatigue impairs auditory cognition and the reduced cognitive abilities further increase mental and physical fatigue. Since cognition is markedly affected in individuals experiencing mental fatigue, its consequences are widespread. According to the top-down approach of auditory processing, there is a direct link between cognition and speech perception. Thus, in the present chapter, the influence of fatigue on perception is reviewed. It is noted that the impact of fatigue on cognition and quality of life is different for children and adults. Training in music, meditation, and exposure to more than one language are some of the measures that help to reduce the effect of fatigue and improve cognitive abilities in both children as well as in adults.

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The Impact of Mobile Phone Uses in the Developing World

International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development ◽

10.4018/ijicthd.2017040102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 20-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sylvain K. Cibangu ◽

Mark Hepworth ◽

Donna Champion

Keyword(s):

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Large Scale ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Top Down ◽

Information And Communication ◽

The Subject ◽

The Impact

In recent years, the rise of information and communication technologies (ICTs) contrasted with the dire living conditions of the world's poorest has been the subject of debate among industry and academia. However, despite the amount of writings produced on mobile phones, Western bias is surprisingly unbridledly prevailing alongside the fêted dissemination of mobile phones. Expansive literature tends to present the rapid adoption of mobile phones among rural individuals, with little to no indication of how local values and voices are respected or promoted. We undertook semi-structured interviews with 16 rural chiefs to inquire into ways in which mobile phones enabled socio-economic development in the rural Congo. Rather than using quantitative, large-scale, or top-down data, we sought to give voice to chiefs themselves about the role of mobile phones. We found that Western bias dominates the literature and deployment of mobile phones more than usually acknowledged. We suggested some paths forward, while bringing the African communal Utu or Ubuntu culture to the center stage.

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Influences of hydroxyl radicals (OH) on top-down estimates of the global and regional methane budgets

10.5194/acp-2019-1208 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuanhong Zhao ◽

Marielle Saunois ◽

Philippe Bousquet ◽

Xin Lin ◽

Antoine Berchet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Climate Models ◽

Transport Model ◽

Atmospheric Transport ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Oh Radicals ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Top Down ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH), which is the dominant sink of methane (CH4), plays a key role to close the global methane budget. Previous research that assessed the impact of OH changes on the CH4 budget mostly relied on box modeling inversions with a very simplified atmospheric transport and no representation of the heterogeneous spatial distribution of OH radicals. Here using a variational Bayesian inversion framework and a 3D chemical transport model, LMDz, combined with 10 different OH fields derived from chemistry-climate models (CCMI experiment), we evaluate the influence of OH burden, spatial distribution, and temporal variations on the global CH4 budget. The global tropospheric mean CH4-reaction-weighted [OH] ([OH]GM-CH4) ranges 10.3–16.3 × 105 molec cm−3 across 10 OH fields during the early 2000s, resulting in inversion-based global CH4 emissions between 518 and 757 Tg yr−1. The uncertainties in CH4 inversions induced by the different OH fields are comparable to, or even larger than the uncertainty typically given by bottom-up and top-down estimates. Based on the LMDz inversions, we estimate that a 1 %-increase in OH burden leads to an increase of 4 Tg yr−1 in the estimate of global methane emissions, which is about 25 % smaller than what is estimated by box-models. The uncertainties in emissions induced by OH are largest over South America, corresponding to large inter-model differences of [OH] in this region. From the early to the late 2000s, the optimized CH4 emissions increased by 21.9 ± 5.7 Tg yr−1 (16.6–30.0 Tg yr−1), of which ~ 25 % (on average) is contributed by −0.5 to +1.8 % increase in OH burden. If the CCMI models represent the OH trend properly over the 2000s, our results show that a higher increasing trend of CH4 emissions is needed to match the CH4 observations compared to the CH4 emission trend derived using constant OH. This study strengthens the importance to reach a better representation of OH burden and of OH spatial and temporal distributions to reduce the uncertainties on the global CH4 budget.

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Impact of Resource Allocation Rules on Marketing Investment-Level Decisions and Profitability

Journal of Marketing Research ◽

10.1177/002224379202900202 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 162-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Murali K. Mantrala ◽

Prabhakant Sinha ◽

Andris A. Zoltners

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Response Functions ◽

Top Down ◽

Allocation Rules ◽

Response Data ◽

Investment Level ◽

Sales Response ◽

The Impact ◽

Allocation Decisions ◽

Resource Allocation Decisions

In many organizations, marketing investment-level decisions precede the associated resource allocation decisions and are based on market-level sales response data, often with no attention to the impact of rules used to allocate resources to submarkets. Such top-down budgeting is commonly based on a perception that aggregate sales and profitability are affected much more by the level than by the allocation of the investment. The authors analyze the effects of different resource allocation rules assuming alternative specifications of submarket sales response functions and show that allocation decisions significantly influence aggregate sales response functions, investment-level decisions based on these functions, and realized profit. The authors also show aggregate sales and profit are usually more sensitive to improvements in allocation rules than to increases in investment levels and conclude that resource allocation decisions warrant more attention in marketing budgeting.

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