scholarly journals Plasmonic Cu2−xS nanoparticles: a brief introduction of optical properties and applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-926
Author(s):  
Lihui Chen ◽  
Haifeng Hu ◽  
Yuzhou Chen ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Guohua Li
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Open Questions

LSPR of Cu2−xS and the resulting plasmonic applications are summarized. Remaining open questions and further research directions are proposed.

scholarly journals Reducibility and Solvability of Some Classes of Kryuchkov Binary Tree Pairs

10.37236/2028 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Madonia ◽  
Giuseppe Scollo
Keyword(s):  
Induction Hypothesis ◽  
Binary Tree ◽  
Binary Trees ◽  
Equal Size ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Future Research Directions

This paper addresses the problem of characterizing classes of pairs of binary trees of equal size for which a signed reassociation sequence, in the Eliahou-Kryuchkov sense, can be shown to exist, either with a size induction hypothesis (reducible pairs), or without it (solvable pairs). A few concepts proposed by Cooper, Rowland and Zeilberger, in the context of a language-theoretic approach to the problem, are here reformulated in terms of signed reassociation sequences, and some of their results are recasted and proven in this framework. A few strategies, tactics and combinations thereof for signed reassociation are introduced, which prove useful to extend the results obtained by the aforementioned authors to new classes of binary tree pairs. In particular, with reference to path trees, i.e. binary trees that have a leaf at every level, we show the reducibility of pairs where (at least) one of the two path trees has a triplication at the first turn below the top level, and we characterize a class of weakly mutually crooked path tree pairs that are neither reducible nor solvable by any previously known result, but prove solvable by appropriate reassociation strategies. This class also includes a subclass of mutually crooked path tree pairs. A summary evaluation of the achieved results, followed by an outline of open questions and future research directions conclude the paper.

scholarly journals 3D quantum Hall effects and nonlinear Hall effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Li ◽  
C. M. Wang ◽  
Z. Z. Du ◽  
Fang Qin ◽  
Hai-Zhou Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hall Effect ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Quantum Hall ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
New Members ◽  
Quantum Hall Effects ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Hall Effects ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractThe classical and quantum Hall effects are important subjects in condensed matter physics. The emergent 3D quantum Hall effects and nonlinear Hall effect have attracted considerable interest recently, with the former elevating the quantum Hall effect to a higher dimension and the latter extending the Hall effect to higher-order responses. In this perspective, we briefly introduce these two new members of the Hall family and discuss the open questions and future research directions.

The Market, the Firm, and Behavioral Antitrust

2014 ◽  
pp. 538-567
Author(s):  
Avishalom Tor
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Enforcement Policy ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Behavioral Evidence

This Handbook chapter examines the main distinct concerns facing the application of empirical behavioral evidence to antitrust law and economics—also known as “behavioral antitrust.” More than many (though not all) other legal fields, antitrust law is primarily concerned with the conduct of firms in markets rather than in individual behavior per se. Yet much of the empirical evidence that behavioral antitrust draws on concerns individual behavior outside the firm, often in nonmarket settings. Hence besides adducing additional, direct empirical evidence on behavioral phenomena within firms and markets, there is a need to determine when and how the behavioral evidence on human judgment and decision behavior more generally is informative for antitrust. To this end, the chapter considers the ways in which markets and firms shape behavior. Direct evidence and theoretical analysis both reveal these institutions variously to facilitate rationality and deviations from it. After illustrating the implications of the complex interaction among markets, firms, and the rationality of antitrust actors across different areas of the law and enforcement policy, the chapter concludes by sketching some important open questions and future research directions in behavioral antitrust.

scholarly journals Constructive Study of Modulational Instability in Higher Order Korteweg-de Vries Equations

Fluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Tobisch ◽  
Efim Pelinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Modulational Instability ◽  
Stokes Wave ◽  
Arbitrary Integer ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
De Vries ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Instability Growth ◽  
Instability Interval ◽  
Growth Rate Maximum

Our present study is devoted to the constructive study of the modulational instability for the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)-family of equations u t + s u p u x + u x x x (here s = ± 1 and p > 0 is an arbitrary integer). For deducing the conditions of the instability, we first computed the nonlinear corrections to the frequency of the Stokes wave and then explored the coefficients of the corresponding modified nonlinear Schrödinger equations, thus deducing explicit expressions for the instability growth rate, maximum of the increment and the boundaries of the instability interval. A brief discussion of the results, open questions and further research directions completes the paper.

scholarly journals On the properties of spectral effect algebras

Quantum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jenčová ◽  
Martin Plávala
Keyword(s):  
Effect Algebra ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effect Algebras ◽  
Direct Products ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
State Spaces ◽  
Spectral Decompositions ◽  
Spectral Effect ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Future Research Directions

The aim of this paper is to show that there can be either only one or uncountably many contexts in any spectral effect algebra, answering a question posed in [S. Gudder, Convex and Sequential Effect Algebras, (2018), arXiv:1802.01265]. We also provide some results on the structure of spectral effect algebras and their state spaces and investigate the direct products and direct convex sums of spectral effect algebras. In the case of spectral effect algebras with sharply determining state space, stronger properties can be proved: the spectral decompositions are essentially unique, the algebra is sharply dominating and the set of its sharp elements is an orthomodular lattice. The article also contains a list of open questions that might provide interesting future research directions.

scholarly journals Review of First-Principles Studies of TiO2: Nanocluster, Bulk, and Material Interface

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 972
Author(s):  
Kesong Yang ◽  
Ying Dai ◽  
Baibiao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Material Interface ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions

TiO2 has extensive applications in the fields of renewable energy and environmental protections such as being used as photocatalysts or electron transport layers in solar cells. To achieve highly efficient photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications, ongoing efforts are being devoted to developing novel TiO2-based material structures or compositions, in which a first-principles computational approach is playing an increasing role. In this review article, we discuss recent computational and theoretical studies of structural, energetic, electronic, and optical properties of TiO2-based nanocluster, bulk, and material interface for photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications. We conclude the review with a discussion of future research directions in the field.

Biomedical Ontologies: Toward Scientific Debate

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (03) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Crespo ◽  
M. Garcia-Remesal ◽  
D. de la Iglesia ◽  
D. Pérez-Rey ◽  
C. Kulikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Biomedical Ontologies ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Knowl Edge ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
Open Issues

SummaryObjectives: Biomedical ontologies have been very successful in structuring knowl edge for many different applications, receiving widespread praise for their utility and potential. Yet, the role of computational ontologies in scientific research, as opposed to knowledge management applications, has not been extensively discussed. We aim to stimulate further discussion on the advantages and challenges presented by biomedical ontologies from a scientific perspective.Methods: We review various aspects of biomedical ontologies going beyond their practical successes, and focus on some key scientific questions in two ways. First, we analyze and discuss current approaches to improve biomedical ontologies that are based largely on classical, Aristotelian ontological models of reality. Second, we raise various open questions about biomedical ontologies that require further research, analyzing in more detail those related to visual reasoning and spatial ontologies.Results: We outline significant scientific issues that biomedical ontologies should consider, beyond current efforts of building practical consensus between them. For spatial ontologies, we suggest an approach for building “morphospatial” taxonomies, as an example that could stimulate research on fundamental open issues for biomedical ontologies.Conclusions: Analysis of a large number of problems with biomedical ontologies suggests that the field is very much open to alternative interpretations of current work, and in need of scientific debate and discussion that can lead to new ideas and research directions.

scholarly journals Optical properties of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides: observations and puzzles

Nanophotonics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Koperski ◽  
Maciej R. Molas ◽  
Ashish Arora ◽  
Karol Nogajewski ◽  
Artur O. Slobodeniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Optical Pumping ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Single Photon Emitters ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides

AbstractRecent results on the optical properties of monolayer and few layers of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are reviewed. Experimental observations are presented and discussed in the frame of existing models, highlighting the limits of our understanding in this emerging field of research. We first introduce the representative band structure of these systems and their interband optical transitions. The effect of an external magnetic field is then considered to discuss Zeeman spectroscopy and optical pumping experiments, both revealing phenomena related to the valley degree of freedom. Finally, we discuss the observation of single photon emitters in different types of layered materials, including wide band gap hexagonal boron nitride. While going through these topics, we try to focus on open questions and on experimental observations, which do not yet have a clear explanation.

Experiments on and Numerical Modeling of the Capture and Concentration of Transcription-Translation Machinery inside Vesicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Mavelli ◽  
Pasquale Stano
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Synthetic Cells ◽  
Measurable Rate ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Minimal Cells ◽  
Fundamental Physical

Synthetic or semi-synthetic minimal cells are those cell-like artificial compartments that are based on the encapsulation of molecules inside lipid vesicles (liposomes). Synthetic cells are currently used as primitive cell models and are very promising tools for future biotechnology. Despite the recent experimental advancements and sophistication reached in this field, the complete elucidation of many fundamental physical aspects still poses experimental and theoretical challenges. The interplay between solute capture and vesicle formation is one of the most intriguing ones. In a series of studies, we have reported that when vesicles spontaneously form in a dilute solution of proteins, ribosomes, or ribo-peptidic complexes, then, contrary to statistical predictions, it is possible to find a small fraction of liposomes (<1%) that contain a very large number of solutes, so that their local (intravesicular) concentrations largely exceed the expected value. More recently, we have demonstrated that this effect (spontaneous crowding) operates also on multimolecular mixtures, and can drive the synthesis of proteins inside vesicles, whereas the same reaction does not proceed at a measurable rate in the external bulk phase. Here we firstly introduce and discuss these already published observations. Then, we present a computational investigation of the encapsulation of transcription-translation (TX-TL) machinery inside vesicles, based on a minimal protein synthesis model and on different solute partition functions. Results show that experimental data are compatible with an entrapment model that follows a power law rather than a Gaussian distribution. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of origin of life, highlighting open questions and possible future research directions.

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