γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) activates neuronal cells by inducing the secretion of exosomes from intestinal cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9285-9290
Author(s):  
Ryo Inotsuka ◽  
Kanako Uchimura ◽  
Atsushi Yamatsu ◽  
Mujo Kim ◽  
Yoshinori Katakura
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Brain Functions

The oral administration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to affect brain functions.

scholarly journals Exosome-Mediated Activation of Neuronal Cells Triggered by γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2544
Author(s):  
Ryo Inotsuka ◽  
Miyako Udono ◽  
Atsushi Yamatsu ◽  
Mujo Kim ◽  
Yoshinori Katakura
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Expression Of Genes

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potent bioactive amino acid, and several studies have shown that oral administration of GABA induces relaxation, improves sleep, and reduces psychological stress and fatigue. In a recent study, we reported that exosomes derived from GABA-treated intestinal cells serve as signal transducers that mediate brain–gut interactions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to verify the functionality of GABA-derived exosomes and to examine the possibility of improving memory function following GABA administration. The results showed that exosomes derived from GABA-treated intestinal cells (Caco-2) activated neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y) by regulating genes related to neuronal cell functions. Furthermore, we found that exosomes derived from the serum of GABA-treated mice also activated SH-SY5Y cells, indicating that exosomes, which are capable of activating neuronal cells, circulate in the blood of mice orally administered GABA. Finally, we performed a microarray analysis of mRNA isolated from the hippocampus of mice that were orally administered GABA. The results revealed changes in the expression of genes related to brain function. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that oral administration of GABA affected the expression of genes related to memory function in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Botulinum neurotoxin type B uses a distinct entry pathway mediated by CDC42 into intestinal cells versus neuronal cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. e12738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Connan ◽  
Marie Voillequin ◽  
Carolina Varela Chavez ◽  
Christelle Mazuet ◽  
Christian Leveque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Type B ◽  
Entry Pathway

scholarly journals Carnosine induces intestinal cells to secrete exosomes that activate neuronal cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0217394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Sugihara ◽  
Shiori Onoue ◽  
Kosuke Tashiro ◽  
Mikako Sato ◽  
Takanori Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cells

Oral administration of γ-aminobutyric acid and γ-oryzanol prevents stress-induced hypoadiponectinemia

Phytomedicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Ohara ◽  
Yuka Kiyotani ◽  
Asako Uchida ◽  
Reiko Nagasaka ◽  
Hiroyuki Maehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid

scholarly journals Early exercise induces long-lasting morphological changes in cortical and hippocampal neurons throughout of a sedentary period of rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Tadeu Serra ◽  
Andrea Dominguez Carvalho ◽  
Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo ◽  
Laila Brito Torres ◽  
Fabrizio dos Santos Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Survival Proteins

Abstract Life experiences at early ages, such as physical activity in childhood and adolescence, can result in long-lasting brain effects able to reduce future risk of brain disorders and to enhance lifelong brain functions. However, how early physical exercise promotes these effects remains unclear. A possible hypothesis is that physical exercise increases the expression of neurotrophic factors and stimulates neuronal growth, resulting in a neural reserve to be used at later ages. Basing our study on this hypothesis, we evaluated the absolute number and morphology of neuronal cells, as well as the expression of growth, proliferation and survival proteins (BDNF, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, ERK and CREB) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal formation throughout of a sedentary period of rats who were physically active during youth. To do this, male Wistar rats were submitted to an aerobic exercise protocol from the 21st to the 60th postnatal days (P21–P60), and evaluated at 0 (P60), 30 (P90) and 60 (P120) days after the last exercise session. Results showed that juvenile exercise increased, and maintained elevated, the number of cortical and hippocampal neuronal cells and dendritic arborization, when evaluated at the above post-exercise ages. Hippocampal BDNF levels and cortical mTOR expression were found to be increased at P60, but were restored to control levels at P90 and P120. Overall, these findings indicate that, despite the short-term effects on growth and survival proteins, early exercise induces long-lasting morphological changes in cortical and hippocampal neurons even during a sedentary period of rats.

scholarly journals Gamma Aminobutyric Acid-Enriched Fermented Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Increases the Length of the Growth Plate on the Proximal Tibia Bone in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4375
Author(s):  
Hyesook Lee ◽  
Hyun Hwangbo ◽  
Seon Yeong Ji ◽  
Min Yeong Kim ◽  
So Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tibial Growth Plate ◽  
Igfbp 3

Bone growth during childhood and puberty determines an adult’s final stature. Although several prior studies have reported that fermented oyster (FO) consisting of a high amount of gamma aminobutyric acid can be attributed to bone health, there is no research on the efficacy of FO on growth regulation and the proximal tibial growth plate. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of FO oral administration on hepatic and serum growth regulator levels and the development of the proximal tibial growth plate in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Both oral administration of FO (FO 100, 100 mg/kg FO and FO 200, 200 mg/kg FO) and subcutaneous injection of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH, 200 μg/kg of rhGH) for two weeks showed no toxicity. Circulating levels of growth hormone (GH) significantly increased in the FO 200 group. The expression and secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were enhanced by FO administration. FO administration promoted the expression of bone morphogenic proteins IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in the proximal tibial growth plate. This positive effect of FO resulted in incremental growth of the entire plate length by expanding the proliferating and hypertrophic zones in the proximal tibial growth plate. Collectively, our results suggested that oral administration of FO is beneficial for bone health, which may ultimately result in increased height.

scholarly journals Oral administration of γ-aminobutyric acid affects heat production in a hot environment in resting humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Miyazawa ◽  
Takashi Kawabata ◽  
Kazunobu Okazaki ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
Daiki Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Hot Environment

High-affinity uptake of ?-aminobutyric acid in cultured glial and neuronal cells

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Balcar ◽  
J. Mark ◽  
J. Borg ◽  
P. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
High Affinity Uptake
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