scholarly journals Biocasting of an Elastin-Like Recombinamer and Collagen Bi-Layered Model of the Tunica Adventitia and External Elastic Lamina of the Vascular Wall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel González-Pérez ◽  
Dimitria Bonizol Camasão ◽  
Diego Mantovani ◽  
Matilde Alonso ◽  
J. Carlos Rodriguez-Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Biological Complexity ◽  
Layered Model ◽  
Tunica Adventitia ◽  
Wall Models ◽  
Elastic Lamina

The development of vascular wall models will foster the development of preventive and therapeutic therapies for treating cardiovascular diseases. However, the physical and biological complexity of vascular tissue represents a...

scholarly journals Vascular Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances in Small Diameter Blood Vessel Regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Catto ◽  
Silvia Farè ◽  
Giuliano Freddi ◽  
Maria Cristina Tanzi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vessel Regeneration

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality around the globe. The development of a functional and appropriate substitute for small diameter blood vessel replacement is still a challenge to overcome the main drawbacks of autografts and the inadequate performances of synthetic prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, Dacron) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE, Goretex). Therefore, vascular tissue engineering has become a promising approach for small diameter blood vessel regeneration as demonstrated by the increasing interest dedicated to this field. This review is focused on the most relevant and recent studies concerning vascular tissue engineering for small diameter blood vessel applications. Specifically, the present work reviews research on the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts made of decellularized matrices and natural and/or biodegradable synthetic polymers and their realization without scaffold.

scholarly journals Non-hematopoietic erythropoietin-derived peptides for atheroprotection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Veronika S. Belyaeva ◽  
Yulia V. Stepenko ◽  
Igor I. Lyubimov ◽  
Alexandr L. Kulikov ◽  
Alesia A. Tietze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Cytoprotective Activity ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
And Migration

Relevance: Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of premature adult death. Lipid profile and atherogenesis: Dislipidaemia leads to subsequent lipid accumulation and migration of immunocompetent cells into the vessel intima. Macrophages accumulate cholesterol forming foam cells – the morphological substrate of atherosclerosis in its initial stage. Inflammation and atherogenesis: Pro-inflammatory factors provoke oxidative stress, vascular wall damage and foam cells formation. Endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of atherosclerosis: Endothelial mitochondria are some of the organelles most sensitive to oxidative stress. Damaged mitochondria produce excess superoxide and H2O2, which are the main factors of intracellular damage, further increasing endothelial dysfunction. Short non-hematopoietic erythropoietin-based peptides as innovative atheroprotectors: Research in recent decades has shown that erythropoietin has a high cytoprotective activity, which is mainly associated with exposure to the mitochondrial link and has been confirmed in various experimental models. There is also a short-chain derivative, the 11-amino acid pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (PHBSP), which selectively binds to the erythropoietin heterodymic receptor and reproduces its cytoprotective properties. This indicates the promising use of short-chain derivatives of erythropoietin for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic vascular injury. In the future, it is planned to study the PHBSP derivatives, the modification of which consists in adding RGD and PGP tripeptides with antiaggregant properties to the original 11-member peptide.

scholarly journals Endothelial function and its role in the formation of cardiovascular pathology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
A A Tulichev ◽  
N Yu Borovkova ◽  
N N Borovkov ◽  
A A Spassky ◽  
I V Polyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Initial Stage

Currently rheumatoid arthritis is considered as an immune inflammatory disease of unknown origin characterized by chronic erosive arthritis and systemic damage of internal organs, leading to early disability and reduced life expectancy. Cardiovascular diseases are most often mentioned as factors of poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Pathology of the cardiovascular system in rheumatoid arthritis is usually associated with the macro- and microvascular changes and rheumatoid lesions of the heart. The leading factor in the damage of the vascular wall in rheumatoid arthritis is systemic inflammation affecting its viscosity and elastic properties, increased rigidity, impaired endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction is currently regarded to as an initial stage of morphogenesis of various vascular disorders. It is considered as a subclinical marker of cardiovascular diseases and the earliest predictor of cardiovascular complications. From this point of view study of endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis aimed at determining cardiovascular risk is a perspective direction. Only single and fragmentary information about certain endothelial functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and substances released in this. There is no clear analysis of relationship between them and dependence on the process activity. Not clear is their role in the pathology of the vascular wall in rheumatoid arthritis. This literature review discusses the problem of endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as its role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in these patients. The development mechanisms and the role of immune inflammation in its formation are considered. Also the association was found between chronic inflammatory activity indicators in rheumatoid arthritis and various biological markers and development of endothelial dysfunction. The effects of antirheumatic treatment on endothelial dysfunction in these patients were analyzed.

scholarly journals X-ray scanning microscopies of microcalcifications in abdominal aortic and popliteal artery aneurysms

IUCrJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Giannini ◽  
M. Ladisa ◽  
V. Lutz-Bueno ◽  
A. Terzi ◽  
M. Ramella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Popliteal Aneurysm ◽  
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
Structural Content

Abdominal aortic and popliteal artery aneurysms are vascular diseases which show massive degeneration, weakening of the vascular wall and loss of the vascular tissue functionality. They are driven by inflammatory, hemodynamical factors and biological alterations that may lead, in the case of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, to sudden and dangerous ruptures of the arteries. Here, human aortic and popliteal aneurysm tissues were obtained during surgical repair, and studied by synchrotron radiation X-ray scanning microdiffraction and small-angle scattering, to investigate the microcalcifications present in the tissues. Data collected during the experiments were transformed into quantitative microscopy images through the combination of statistical approaches and crystallographic methods. As a result of this multi-step analysis, microcalcifications, which are markers of the pathology, were classified in terms of chemical and structural content. This analysis helped to identify the presence of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and microcrystalline cholesterol, embedded in myofilament, and elastin-containing tissue with low collagen content in predominantly nanocrystalline areas. The generality of the approach allows it to be transferred to other types of tissue and other pathologies affected by microcalcifications, such as thyroid carcinoma, breast cancer, testicular microlithiasis or glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Characterizing the cellular architecture of dynamically remodeling vascular tissue using 3-D image analysis and virtual reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (16) ◽  
pp. 1714-1725
Author(s):  
Roopa Madhu ◽  
Delany Rodriguez ◽  
Claudia Guzik ◽  
Shambhavi Singh ◽  
Anthony W. De Tomaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Model System ◽  
Botryllus Schlosseri ◽  
Actin Bundles ◽  
Cellular Architecture ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Novel Model

The dynamic remodeling of epithelial tubes is examined in vivo using a novel model system, the extracorporeal vasculature of Botryllus schlosseri, with 3-D image analysis. Cells within the vascular wall are planar polarized, with integrin- and curvature-dependent axial elongation of cells and robust circumferential alignment of actin bundles.

The Effect of Collagen Fiber Directional Distribution on the Mechanical Response of the Vascular Wall

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Rezakhaniha ◽  
Nikos Stergiopulos
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Equations ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Incompressible Material ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Strain Energy Functions

Constitutive equations reflecting well the microstructure are fundamental for the detailed stress analysis of the arterial tissue. Vascular tissue is an inhomogeneous and incompressible material which undergoes large deformations and shows highly anisotropic nonlinear behavior. These properties make strain energy functions (SEFs) a suitable tool to derive constitutive equations. Structural constitutive models try to integrate the histological and morphological characteristics of the tissue by introducing parameters with physical meaning, such as the fraction of each wall constituent, the elastic properties of single elastin or collagen fibers or the angle of collagen fibers.

scholarly journals Effect of High-Fat Diet upon Inflammatory Markers and Aortic Stiffening in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Bento Chaves Santana ◽  
Thais Cristina de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Barbara Lobo Bianconi ◽  
Valerio Garrone Barauna ◽  
Ed Wilson Cavalcante Oliveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Aortic Stiffening

Changes in lifestyle such as increase in high-fat food consumption are an important cause for vascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of ACE and TGF-βin the aorta stiffness induced by high-fat diet. C57BL/6 male mice were divided in two groups according to their diet for 8 weeks: standard diet (ST) and high-fat diet (HF). At the end of the protocol, body weight gain, adipose tissue content, serum lipids and glucose levels, and aorta morphometric and biochemical measurements were performed. Analysis of collagen fibers by picrosirius staining of aorta slices showed that HF diet promoted increase of thin (55%) and thick (100%) collagen fibers deposition and concomitant disorganization of these fibers orientations in the aorta vascular wall (50%). To unravel the mechanism involved, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) were evaluated by protein expression and enzyme activity. HF diet increased MPO (90%) and ACE (28%) activities, as well as protein expression of ACE. TGF-βwas also increased in aorta tissue of HF diet mice after 8 weeks. Altogether, we have observed that the HF diet-induced aortic stiffening may be associated with increased oxidative stress damage and activation of the RAS in vascular tissue.

scholarly journals Turnover of fibrillar collagen in soft biological tissue with application to the expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysms

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (77) ◽  
pp. 3366-3377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Martufi ◽  
T. Christian Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fibrillar Collagen ◽  
Collagen Turnover ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
The Impact

A better understanding of the inherent properties of vascular tissue to adapt to its mechanical environment is crucial to improve the predictability of biomechanical simulations. Fibrillar collagen in the vascular wall plays a central role in tissue adaptation owing to its relatively short lifetime. Pathological alterations of collagen turnover may fail to result in homeostasis and could be responsible for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth at later stages of the disease. For this reason our previously reported multiscale constitutive framework (Martufi, G. & Gasser, T. C. 2011 J. Biomech . 44 , 2544–2550 ( doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.07.015 )) has been enriched by a collagen turnover model. Specifically, the framework's collagen fibril level allowed a sound integration of vascular wall biology, and the impact of collagen turnover on the macroscopic properties of AAAs was studied. To this end, model parameters were taken from the literature and/or estimated from clinical follow-up data of AAAs (on average 50.7 mm-large). Likewise, the in vivo stretch of the AAA wall was set, such that 10 per cent of collagen fibres were engaged. Results showed that the stretch spectrum, at which collagen fibrils are deposed, is the most influential parameter, i.e. it determines whether the vascular geometry grows, shrinks or remains stable over time. Most importantly, collagen turnover also had a remarkable impact on the macroscopic stress field. It avoided high stress gradients across the vessel wall, thus predicted a physiologically reasonable stress field. Although the constitutive model could be successfully calibrated to match the growth of small AAAs, a rigorous validation against experimental data is crucial to further explore the model's descriptive and predictive capabilities.

scholarly journals Proteomic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BMI.S488 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vivanco ◽  
L.R. Padial ◽  
V.M. Darde ◽  
F. De La Cuesta ◽  
G. Alvarez-Llamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Novel Proteins ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Biomarkers

Biomarkers provide a powerful approach to understanding the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. They have application in screening, diagnostic, prognostication, prediction of recurrences and monitoring of therapy. The “omics” tool are becoming very useful in the development of new biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Among them, proteomics is especially fitted to look for new proteins in health and disease and is playing a significant role in the development of new diagnostic tools in cardiovascular diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides an overview of progress in applying proteomics to atherosclerosis. First, we describe novel proteins identified analysing atherosclerotic plaques directly. Careful analysis of proteins within the atherosclerotic vascular tissue can provide a repertoire of proteins involved in vascular remodelling and atherogenesis. Second, we discuss recent data concerning proteins secreted by atherosclerotic plaques. The definition of the atheroma plaque secretome resides in that proteins secreted by arteries can be very good candidates of novel biomarkers. Finally we describe proteins that have been differentially expressed (versus controls) by individual cells which constitute atheroma plaques (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and foam cells) as well as by circulating cells (monocytes, platelets) or novel biomarkers present in plasma.

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