scholarly journals Pulsed Laser Assisted High-Throughput Intracellular Delivery in Hanging Drop Based Three Dimensional Cancer Spheroids

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Gupta ◽  
Srabani Kar ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Fan-Gang Tseng ◽  
Shantanu Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Intracellular Delivery ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Hanging Drop ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cancer Spheroids

Targeted intracellular delivery of biomolecules and therapeutic cargo enables controlled manipulation of cellular processes. Laser-based optoporation has emerged as a versatile, non-invasive technique that employs light-based transient physical disruption of...

Media additives to promote spheroid circularity and compactness in hanging drop platform

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan M. Leung ◽  
Sasha Cai Lesher-Perez ◽  
Toshiki Matsuoka ◽  
Christopher Moraes ◽  
Shuichi Takayama
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hanging Drop

Three-dimensional spheroid cultures have become increasingly popular as drug screening platforms, especially with the advent of different high throughput spheroid forming technologies.

New technical developments in cardiac CT

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Stephan Achenbach
Keyword(s):  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Coronary Ct Angiography ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Coronary Ct ◽  
Luminal Narrowing

Computed tomography (CT), in the context of cardiac imaging, faces numerous challenges. The heart is a complex, three-dimensional organ, which moves very rapidly and has small dimensions. Especially the coronary arteries, the main target of cardiac CT imaging, are difficult to visualize by any non-invasive technique. Technology progress has made the use of CT for cardiac and coronary diagnosis possible. For selected applications, including ruling out coronary artery stenoses in low-risk individuals, CT has become a clinical tool. The technical progress of cardiac CT, and especially coronary CT angiography, is continuous and rapid. One major aim is to improve image quality and broaden the applicability of coronary CT angiography, while at the same time achieving lower radiation doses. The other major aim is to extract more than purely anatomic information out of the dataset and to complement the information in luminal narrowing with information on downstream ischaemia.

scholarly journals Formation of stable small cell number three-dimensional ovarian cancer spheroids using hanging drop arrays for preclinical drug sensitivity assays

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Raghavan ◽  
Maria R. Ward ◽  
Katelyn R. Rowley ◽  
Rachel M. Wold ◽  
Shuichi Takayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Hanging Drop ◽  
Cancer Spheroids

New technical developments in cardiac CT: Anatomy, fractional flow reserve (FFR), and machine learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Stephan Achenbach ◽  
Jonathan Leipsic ◽  
James Min
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Ct Technology

Computed tomography (CT), in the context of cardiac imaging, faces numerous challenges. The heart is a complex, three-dimensional organ, which moves very rapidly and has small dimensions. The coronary arteries, the main target of cardiac CT imaging, are especially difficult to visualize by any non-invasive technique. All the same, technology progress has made the use of CT for cardiac and coronary diagnosis possible. For selected applications, including ruling out coronary artery stenoses in low-risk individuals, CT has become a clinical tool. This chapter describes the progress of CT technology, from the first commercially available CT scanner that permitted visualization of the heart with high temporal and spatial resolution in the late 1980s, to today’s incarnations that utilize radiomics and artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals A Facile High-Throughput Model of Surface-Independent Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms by Spontaneous Aggregation

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence Cheng ◽  
Nelson S. Torres ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Anand Srinivasan ◽  
Sandra Cardona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hanging Drop ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Throughput Model

ABSTRACT Many microbes in their natural habitats are found in biofilm ecosystems attached to surfaces and not as free-floating (planktonic) organisms. Furthermore, it is estimated that nearly 80% of human infections are associated with biofilms. Biofilms are traditionally defined as three-dimensional, structured microbial communities that are attached to a surface and encased in a matrix of exopolymeric material. While this view of biofilm largely arises from in vitro studies under static or flow conditions, in vivo observations have indicated that this view of biofilms is essentially true only for foreign-body infections on catheters or implants where biofilms are attached to the biomaterial. In mucosal infections such as chronic wounds or cystic fibrosis or joint infections, biofilms can be found unattached to a surface and as three-dimensional aggregates. In this work, we describe a high-throughput model of aggregate biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using 96-well plate hanging-drop technology. We show that MRSA forms surface-independent biofilms, distinct from surface-attached biofilms, that are rich in exopolymeric proteins, polysaccharides, and extracellular DNA (eDNA), express biofilm-related genes, and exhibit heightened antibiotic resistance. We also show that the surface-independent biofilms of clinical isolates of MRSA from cystic fibrosis and central catheter-related infections demonstrate morphological differences. Overall, our results show that biofilms can form by spontaneous aggregation without attachment to a surface, and this new in vitro system can model surface-independent biofilms that may more closely mimic the corresponding physiological niche during infection. IMPORTANCE The canonical model of biofilm formation begins with the attachment and growth of microbial cells on a surface. While these in vitro models reasonably mimic biofilms formed on foreign bodies such as catheters and implants, this is not the case for biofilms formed in cystic fibrosis and chronic wound infections, which appear to present as aggregates not attached to a surface. The hanging-drop model of biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the major causative organism of skin and soft tissue infections, shows that these biofilms display morphological and antibiotic response patterns that are distinct from those of their surface-attached counterparts, and biofilm growth is consistent with their in vivo location. The simplicity and throughput of this model enable adoption to investigate other single or polymicrobial biofilms in a physiologically relevant setting.

scholarly journals Three Dimensional Evaluation of Marginal Microleakage at the Adhesive Interface between Different Fissure Sealants and Enamel: Micro-CT Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akif Demirel ◽  
Ayşe Işıl Orhan ◽  
Firdevs Tulga Öz ◽  
Kaan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Fissure Sealants ◽  
Material Interface ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Summary Background/Aim: Sealing ability and adhesion to enamel of fissure sealants are quite critical in prevention of dental caries. The objective of the present study was to assess the marginal microleakage of different material-based pit and fissures with non-invasive and invasive techniques by using the Micro-CT method. Material and Methods: 30 extracted human permanent molars were randomly assigned to three sealant groups (n=10) as resin-based ClinPro, giomer-based BeautiSealant, and glass ionomer-based Fuji IX-GP. Half of each group was randomly divided into two parts as non-invasive and invasive techniques. The volumetric analysis of marginal microleakage between the enamel-material interface was performed by using Micro-CT. The results were analyzed with Student’s t, One-Way ANOVA, Tukey and Games-Howell tests. Statistical significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: In non-invasive technique, Fuji IX-GP showed statistically significantly lower marginal microleakage values than Clinpro (p=0.022). Other comparisons were not significant (p>0.05). However, in invasive technique, microleakage values both of Fuji IX-GP and BeautiSealant were significantly lower than Clinpro (p<0.001, p<0.001). Besides, regardless of the sealant material, the invasive technique showed significantly superior results than non-invasive technique regarding marginal microleakage. Conclusions: Considering the clinical conditions, it was concluded that glass ionomer-based Fuji IX-GP and giomer-based BeautiSealant could be used as alternative to resin based sealants. Additionally, invasive technique (fissure preparation) can be recommended to reduce marginal microleakage.

scholarly journals To Develop a Non-invasive Technique

The Physician ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. c3
Author(s):  
Kshama Rahul Joshi ◽  
Haris Pervez ◽  
Antonia Pena-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Non Invasive

A study was designed to understand a three-dimensional cause and effect relationship among ethnicity-based diet, relevant macro, and micro-nutrients obtained from the diet, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes.

NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUE FOR IN VIVO HUMAN EAR CANAL VOLUME MEASUREMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250064 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEN-FANG YU ◽  
GO-LONG TSAI ◽  
CHUNG-CHIEH FAN ◽  
CHING-I CHEN ◽  
CHIA-CHI CHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Injection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Mean

This prospective study is to develop a new non-invasive in vivo technique for the measurement of the human external auditory canal (EAC) volume using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Eighteen ears of nine male volunteers, with an age range of 20–30, were measured. The EAC volume was measured using three different methods: tympanometry, water injection, and HRCT. Two dimensional image slices of the EAC, in vivo, were obtained from the raw HRCT data. Each 2D CT image slice was composed of 512 × 512 pixels, with a 0.5 mm slice thickness, and a 0.175 × 0.175 × 0.5 mm3 voxel size. HRCT images were processed with Amira® software (Visage Imaging, Inc., San Diego, USA). Three-dimensional images of the EAC were reconstructed using an unconstrained smoothing mode. The resulting volume of the 3D model of the EAC was calculated using a voxel gate stacked tool. Using tympanometry, the mean measured EAC volume, averaged over all ears, was 766.66 mm3 (Standard Deviation, SD = 194.03 mm3). Using water injection, the mean measured EAC volume was 1102.77mm3 (SD = 121.60 mm3). Using HRCT, the mean measured EAC volume was 1082.22 mm3 (SD = 119.63 mm3). As evident from the SD values, variability was greater in the tympanometry group than in the water injection and HRCT groups. This study successfully developed a new technique to measure the EAC volume using HRCT imaging. This non-invasive technique for in vivo EAC volume measurement was less variable than tympanometry, and avoided the intrusive aspect of measurement by water injection. The technique allows effective, non-invasive assessment of the EAC volume pre-canalplasty, providing a predictor of EAC volume post-canalplasty.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional imaging of living transplanted kidney vasculature by 3D color Doppler ultrasonography

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfang Xing ◽  
Lianfang Du
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Flow Signal ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transplanted Kidney ◽  
Blood Flow Signal ◽  
3D Color Doppler

Abstract Background: It is of clinical importance to display the vasculature of transplanted kidney in three-dimensional (3D) and in non-invasive way. 3D color Doppler ultrasonographic imaging (3D-CDUI) is a non-invasive technique to display the 3D vasculature of living organs. Objective: Probe into characteristics of 3D vasculature of living transplanted kidney by 3D-CDUI, and evaluate the clinical value of 3D-CDUI on monitoring complications after operation of renal transplant. Methods: Nine patients who received allogeneic transplantation of kidney were monitored with 3D-CDUI. The instruments used included ACUSON Sequoia 512 and TomTec computer station of 3D-CDUI. Using magnetic positioning free-hand scanning, the 3D reconstruction and display of renal tissue structure and blood flow were performed off-line. Results: All patients underwent 3D-CDUI examinations without any side effect or complication. When acute rejection occurred, the 3D distribution change of renal blood flow signal could be observed clearly. During treatment of acute necrosis of renal tubules, changes of renal blood flow signal in 3D color Doppler images could be detected earlier compared with 2D color Doppler images. The position of embolized vassels could be diagnosed accurately by 3D-CDUI. Conclusion: The 3D-CDUI was helpful to improve diagnosis level of ultrasonography by monitoring complications after renal transplantation.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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