Quantitative toxicological study of dose-dependent arsenic-induced cells via synchrotron-based STXM and FTIR measurement

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 4560-4568
Author(s):  
Junshan Xiu ◽  
Yunyan Liu ◽  
Benyi Wang ◽  
Yanling Xue ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Toxicological Study ◽  
Human Carcinogen ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Dose Dependent

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a well-known naturally occurring metalloid with abundant hazards to our environment, especially being a human carcinogen through arsenic-contaminated drinking water.

scholarly journals Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: an updated review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluoride Intake ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
High Fluoride ◽  
Early Life Exposures ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Topical Fluoride

Abstract Background After the discovery of fluoride as a caries-preventing agent in the mid-twentieth century, fluoridation of community water has become a widespread intervention, sometimes hailed as a mainstay of modern public health. However, this practice results in elevated fluoride intake and has become controversial for two reasons. First, topical fluoride application in the oral cavity appears to be a more direct and appropriate means of preventing caries. Second, systemic fluoride uptake is suspected of causing adverse effects, in particular neurotoxicity during early development. The latter is supported by experimental neurotoxicity findings and toxicokinetic evidence of fluoride passing into the brain. Method An integrated literature review was conducted on fluoride exposure and intellectual disability, with a main focus on studies on children published subsequent to a meta-analysis from 2012. Results Fourteen recent cross-sectional studies from endemic areas with naturally high fluoride concentrations in groundwater supported the previous findings of cognitive deficits in children with elevated fluoride exposures. Three recent prospective studies from Mexico and Canada with individual exposure data showed that early-life exposures were negatively associated with children’s performance on cognitive tests. Neurotoxicity appeared to be dose-dependent, and tentative benchmark dose calculations suggest that safe exposures are likely to be below currently accepted or recommended fluoride concentrations in drinking water. Conclusion The recent epidemiological results support the notion that elevated fluoride intake during early development can result in IQ deficits that may be considerable. Recognition of neurotoxic risks is necessary when determining the safety of fluoride-contaminated drinking water and fluoride uses for preventive dentistry purposes.

Case–control study of male cancer patients exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water and tobacco smoke with relation to non-exposed cancer patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2013-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sham Kumar Wadhwa ◽  
Tasneem Gul Kazi ◽  
Nida Fatima Kolachi ◽  
Hassan Imran Afridi ◽  
Sumaira Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Big City ◽  
Male Cancer Patient ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Control Study

The investigated data indicated that inorganic arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased mortality from different types of cancers. In the present study, biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of male subjects having lung and bladder cancers and non-cancerous subjects belonging to arsenic (As)-exposed area of southern parts of Pakistan were analysed for As contents. The As levels in drinking water of understudy area showed that sections of understudy population are exposed to arsenic concentrations, which was 3–15-fold higher than the permissible level (<10 μg/L). For comparative purposes the biological samples of matched male cancer patient, as referent patients belonging to big city (Hyderabad) who had used municipal treated water with low arsenic levels <10 μg/L, were also collected. The exposed cancer patients have 2–3-fold higher level of As in both biological samples compared to non-exposed case-matched cancerous male subjects. This study is compelling evidence in support of positive associations between arsenic-contaminated water, food and cigarette with different types of risks of cancer.

scholarly journals Comparison of Point-of-Use Technologies for Emergency Disinfection of Sewage-Contaminated Drinking Water

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (22) ◽  
pp. 7283-7286 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Devin McLennan ◽  
Lauren A. Peterson ◽  
Joan B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

ABSTRACT Four point-of-use disinfection technologies for treating sewage-contaminated well water were compared. Three systems, based on flocculant-disinfectant packets and N-halamine chlorine and bromine contact disinfectants, provided a range of 4.0 to >6.6 log10 reductions (LR) of naturally occurring fecal indicator and heterotrophic bacteria and a range of 0.9 to >1.9 LR of coliphage.

Arsenic concentrations and speciation in Australian and imported rice and commercial rice products

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Maher ◽  
Elliott Duncan ◽  
Hayden Martin ◽  
Peter Snell ◽  
Frank Krikowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Inorganic As ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Environmental contextIn countries where inhabitants are not exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, food is the major source of potentially toxic inorganic arsenic. To complement the existing worldwide dataset on arsenic in rice, data are presented on Australian- and overseas-grown rice, and assessed in terms of possible risk. Only a diet comprising multiple serves of some rice products per day poses a potential risk to young children. AbstractArsenic concentrations and speciation measurements were determined for six varieties of Australian-grown rice (n = 130), imported rice (n = 53) and rice products (n = 56) from supermarkets. Total As, inorganic As and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) concentrations in Australian rice ranged from 16 to 630 µg As kg−1 (mean ± s.d.: 220 ± 122 µg kg−1), 16 to 250 µg As kg−1 (92 ± 52 µg As kg−1) and <5 to 432 µg As kg−1 (125 ± 109 µg As kg−1), respectively. Total As, inorganic As and DMA concentrations in imported rice ranged between 31 and 376 µg As kg−1 (130 ± 98 µg kg−1), 17 and 198 µg As kg−1 (73 ± 40 µg As kg−1) and <5 and 327 µg As kg−1 (84 ± 92 µg As kg−1) respectively. Few samples exceeded the guidelines for inorganic As in polished rice. In rice products, total As, inorganic As and DMA concentrations ranged between 21 and 480 µg As kg−1 (160 ± 110 µg As kg−1), 20 and 255 µg As kg−1 (92 ± 78 µg As kg−1) and <5 and 340 µg As kg−1 (65 ± 69 µg As kg−1) respectively. Sixteen samples exceeded the 100 µg kg−1 maximum for inorganic As concentration in rice foods for infants and young children. Ingestion of multiple serves of some rice products poses a potential risk. Environmental chemistry gaps, on processes influencing As occurrence in rice, are discussed.

Arsenic exposure and non-carcinogenic health effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110459
Author(s):  
Macario Martínez-Castillo ◽  
Eliud A García-Montalvo ◽  
Mónica G Arellano-Mendoza ◽  
Luz del C Sánchez-Peña ◽  
Luis E Soria Jasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is a serious health problem that affects more than 140 million individuals worldwide, mainly, through contaminated drinking water. Acute iAs poisoning produces several symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhea, whereas prolonged iAs exposure increased the risk of several malignant disorders such as lung, urinary tract, and skin tumors. Another sensitive endpoint less described of chronic iAs exposure are the non-malignant health effects in hepatic, endocrine, renal, neurological, hematological, immune, and cardiovascular systems. The present review outlines epidemiology evidence and possible molecular mechanisms associated with iAs-toxicity in several non-carcinogenic disorders.

scholarly journals Commonalities in Metabolism of Arsenicals

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blakely M. Adair ◽  
Stephen B. Waters ◽  
Vicenta Devesa ◽  
Zuzana Drobna ◽  
Miroslav Styblo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Arsenic Metabolism ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects

Environmental Context. Health effects associated with inorganic arsenic include various cancers and increased risk of diabetes. Millions of people in Bangladesh and India are at risk through use of contaminated drinking water. When humans ingest inorganic arsenic, it is rapidly converted to methylated metabolites. Although this methylation process is largely understood, the metabolism of other arsenicals (e.g. arsenosugars to dimethylarsenic) is very unclear. Connections among pathways for metabolism of various arsenicals are now being elucidated. Commonalities and differences in these pathways may be important determinants of the risk associated with exposure to these agents. Abstract. Elucidating the pathway of inorganic arsenic metabolism shows that some of methylated arsenicals formed as intermediates and products are reactive and toxic species. Hence, methylated arsenicals likely mediate at least some of the toxic and carcinogenic effects associated with exposure to arsenic. Trimethylarsonium compounds and arsenosugars are two other classes of arsenicals to which humans are routinely exposed and there is evidence that both classes are metabolized to produce methylated arsenicals. Here, we review evidence for production of methylated metabolism and consider the challenges posed in unraveling a complex web for metabolism of arsenicals in humans.

A Regional Comparative Study on Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-777
Author(s):  
Sho SHIBATA ◽  
Yoshimi HAGIHARA ◽  
Kiyoko HAGIHARA ◽  
Akira SAKAI
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Viruses and Water: Problems, Detection, and Control

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dizer ◽  
J. Dürkop ◽  
A. Grohmann ◽  
H. Kopecka ◽  
J. M. López-Pila
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Water Problems

Secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants contains a high number of viruses and other pathogens, which pose a health risk to the population, (especially when receiv ng waters are used for bathing and swimming, or for growing shellfish. In areas with a high density of population, where drinking water supply is dependent on surface waters and contaminated rivers are the primary source of drinking water, failure of the filtration or of the disinfection step, or of any other “barriers” supposed to warrant safe potable water, will increase the risk of health hazard for the consumer. We have compared the efficiency of viral elimination in secondary effluent by flocculation, uv rradiation and membrane filtration taking naturally occurring, or additionally seeded f2 phages, as indicator for viruses. Flocculation decreased the number of phages present in secondary effluent by more than two logs. If combined with uv irradiation, the elimination reached five additional logs. Membrane filtration eliminated essentially all naturally occurring phages. Improvement of the quality of surface waters calls for a refinement of detection methods for viruses. We have found that the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) might be used for detecting viruses in surface waters.

β-1, 3-Glucan attenuated chronic unpredictable mild stress induced cognitive impairment in rodents via normalizing corticosterone levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saniya Hashim Khan ◽  
Sheraz Khan ◽  
Inamullah Khan ◽  
Narmeen Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Injurious Effect ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Chronic stress elevates the cortisol beyond normal levels, which affects cognition including learning & memory. This injurious effect is primarily mediated via over excitation of metabotropic glucocorticoid receptors (mGR). Methods: The present study was aimed appraise the neuroprotective effects of naturally occurring molecule β-1,3-glucan by interfering with stress-cortisol-mGR axis. Our data of virtual screening (in silico) exhibited the promising interactions of βglucan with the mGR. Therefore, the study was extended to evaluate its efficacy (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg/ i.p) in an animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS, 28 days) induced memory impairment. Results: Results of the current study revealed the β-glucan provided dose dependent protection against deleterious effects of stress on learning and memory associated parameters observed in Morris water maze (MWM) task. At higher tested doses, it has also significantly antagonized the stress induced weight loss and corticosterone elevation. Conclusion: From these findings, it can be deduced that the β-glucan possesses therapeutic potential against stress induced memory impairment, and this effect can be attributed to its normalizing effect on corticosterone levels.

MOFs for the treatment of arsenic, fluoride and iron contaminated drinking water: A review

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 126388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyajyoti Haldar ◽  
Prangan Duarah ◽  
Mihir Kumar Purkait
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water
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