Green-solvent-processable strategies for achieving large-scale manufacture of organic photovoltaics

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 22826-22847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongwen Ma ◽  
Biao Zhao ◽  
Yongshuai Gong ◽  
Jianping Deng ◽  
Zhan'ao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Large Scale Manufacture

This review introduces three green-solvent-processable strategies for realizing large-scale manufacture of organic photovoltaics.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Green-Solvent-Processable Organic Photovoltaics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Hugo Gaspar ◽  
Gabriel Bernardo ◽  
Adélio Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Halogenated Solvents ◽  
Nanoparticle Ink ◽  
Solvent Processing

Over the last four years, tremendous progress has occurred in the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) under AM1.5G conditions, as certified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), is currently 18.2%. However, these champion state-of-the-art devices were fabricated at lab-scale using highly toxic halogenated solvents which are harmful to human health and to the environment. The transition of OPVs from the lab to large-scale production and commercialization requires the transition from halogenated-solvent-processing to green-solvent-processing without compromising the device’s performance. This review focuses on the most recent research efforts, performed since the year 2018 onwards, in the development of green-solvent-processable OPVs and discusses the three main strategies that are being pursued to achieve the proposed goal, namely, (i) molecular engineering of novel donors and acceptors, (ii) solvent selection, and (iii) nanoparticle ink technology.

scholarly journals Elucidating Charge Generation in Green-Solvent Processed Organic Solar Cells

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7439
Author(s):  
Safa Shoaee ◽  
Anna Laura Sanna ◽  
Giuseppe Sforazzini
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Charge Generation ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Large Scale Manufacture ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Organic solar cells have the potential to become the cheapest form of electricity. Rapid increase in the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) has been achieved with the development of non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors. Next generation photovoltaics based upon environmentally benign “green solvent” processing of organic semiconductors promise a step-change in the adaptability and versatility of solar technologies and promote sustainable development. However, high-performing OSCs are still processed by halogenated (non-environmentally friendly) solvents, so hindering their large-scale manufacture. In this perspective, we discuss the recent progress in developing highly efficient OSCs processed from eco-compatible solvents, and highlight research challenges that should be addressed for the future development of high power conversion efficiencies devices.

scholarly journals Metachronal waves in magnetic micro-robotic paddles for artificial cilia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Bryan ◽  
Elizabeth L. Martin ◽  
Aleksandra Pac ◽  
Andrew D. Gilbert ◽  
Feodor Y. Ogrin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Hydrodynamic Response ◽  
Flow Speeds ◽  
Break Time ◽  
Large Scale Manufacture ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Metachronal Waves ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Phase Differences

AbstractBiological cilia generate fluid movement within viscosity-dominated environments using beating motions that break time-reversal symmetry. This creates a metachronal wave, which enhances flow efficiency. Artificially mimicking this behaviour could improve microfluidic point-of-care devices, since viscosity-dominated fluid dynamics impede fluid flow and mixing of reagents, limiting potential for multiplexing diagnostic tests. However, current biomimicry schemes require either variation in the hydrodynamic response across a cilia array or a complex magnetic anisotropy configuration to synchronise the actuation sequence with the driving field. Here, we show that simple modifications to the structural design introduce phase differences between individual actuators, leading to the spontaneous formation of metachronal waves. This generates flow speeds of up to 16 μm/s as far as 675 μm above the actuator plane. By introducing metachronal waves through lithographic structuring, large scale manufacture becomes feasible. Additionally, by demonstrating that metachronal waves emerge from non-uniformity in internal structural mechanics, we offer fresh insight into the mechanics of cilia coordination.

scholarly journals Analyzing the efficiency, stability and cost potential for fullerene-free organic photovoltaics in one figure of merit

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Iain McCulloch ◽  
Christoph J. Brabec
Keyword(s):  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production

Organic semiconductors with low synthetic complexity, such as P3HT, would be the preferred choice for large-scale production and commercialization.

scholarly journals Chemical Impurities: An Epistemological Riddle with Serious Side Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yaman Abdin ◽  
Prince Yeboah ◽  
Claus Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Chemical Impurities ◽  
Large Scale Manufacture ◽  
Modern Analytical

Chemical synthesis is a science and an art. Rooted in laboratory or large-scale manufacture, it results in certain side products, eventually compromising the integrity of the final products. Such “impurities” occur in small amounts and, within chemistry itself, are of little concern. In pharmacy, in contrast, impurities increase the potential for toxicity, side effects, and serious implications for human health and the environment. The pharmaceutical regulatory agencies have therefore developed regulatory and strategic systems to minimize the chemical presence or biological impact of such substances. Here, pharmaceuticals are turned from impure into more defined materials as part of a complex socio-technological system revolving around and constantly evolving its specific rules and regulations. Whilst modern analytical methods indicate the presence of impurities, the interpretations of corresponding results are gated by risk management and agreed thresholds. Ironically, this allows for entities with no identified chemical structures, and hence epistemologically outside chemistry, to be regulated in pharmaceutical products. We will refer to such substances which are not, epistemologically speaking, “chemicals” as Xpurities, in order to distinguish them from recognized and identified impurities. The presence of such Xpurities is surprisingly common and constitutes a major issue in pharmaceutical research and practice. We propose a Space of Information to deal with such impurities based on values regarding the presence, chemical identities, and biological activities. It is anticipated that this may enable pharmacists to handle such Xpurities more efficiently.

Towards scalable synthesis of high-quality PbS colloidal quantum dots for photovoltaic applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijie Zhou ◽  
Zeke Liu ◽  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Kunyuan Lu ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Colloidal Quantum Dots ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Excellent Quality ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Photovoltaic Technology ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale Manufacture

Accelerating inorganic nanocrystal-based photovoltaic technology needs more efficient synthetic protocols for large scale manufacture, high yield and excellent quality nanocrystal materials.

Green solvent-processed organic electronic devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (43) ◽  
pp. 15027-15047
Author(s):  
Filippo Campana ◽  
Choongik Kim ◽  
Assunta Marrocchi ◽  
Luigi Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Organic Electronic Devices ◽  
Organic Electronic

A review on the recent efforts to select green solvents for processing organic semiconductors for thin film transistors (TFT) and organic photovoltaics (OPV) applications. A guide for the safe fabrication of high-performance devices.

The Harvard Clean Energy Project: Large-Scale Computational Screening and Design of Organic Photovoltaics on the World Community Grid

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
pp. 2241-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Hachmann ◽  
Roberto Olivares-Amaya ◽  
Sule Atahan-Evrenk ◽  
Carlos Amador-Bedolla ◽  
Roel S. Sánchez-Carrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
World Community ◽  
Computational Screening ◽  
The World

scholarly journals A Magnetic Bead-Integrated Chip for the Large Scale Manufacture of Normalized esiRNAs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e39419
Author(s):  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Huang Huang ◽  
Hanshuo Zhang ◽  
Changhong Sun ◽  
Yang Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Large Scale Manufacture
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