A Janus evaporator with low tortuosity for long-term solar desalination

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 15333-15340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Hu ◽  
Junqi Zhang ◽  
Yudi Kuang ◽  
Kebing Wang ◽  
Xiaoying Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Salt Excretion

A Janus evaporator with a low-tortuosity pore structure is reported for water generation from highly salty water. The unique pore structure together with the asymmetric wettability enables the evaporator to float on water with excellent salt excretion properties and heat localization, resulting in stable steam generation.

A salt-rejecting anisotropic structure for efficient solar desalination via heat–mass flux decoupling

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 12089-12096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Gong Zhang ◽  
Jianfei Li ◽  
Qinghua Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flux ◽  
Anisotropic Structure ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Solar Desalination

Heat–mass decoupling enabled by anisotropy can simultaneously ensure rapid salt rejection and enhanced heat localization, achieving long-term efficient solar desalination.

scholarly journals Effects of Mixing and Curing Temperature on the Strength Development and Pore Structure of Fly Ash Blended Mass Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Bong Park ◽  
Takafumi Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Mass Concrete ◽  
Term Strength

The aim of this work is to know clearly the effects of temperature in response to curing condition, hydration heat, and outside weather conditions on the strength development of high-performance concrete. The concrete walls were designed using three different sizes and three different types of concrete. The experiments were conducted under typical summer and winter weather conditions. Temperature histories at different locations in the walls were recorded and the strength developments of concrete at those locations were measured. The main factors investigated that influence the strength developments of the obtained samples were the bound water contents, the hydration products, and the pore structure. Testing results indicated that the elevated summer temperatures did not affect the early-age strength gain of concrete made using ordinary Portland cement. Strength development was significantly increased at early ages in concrete made using belite-rich Portland cement or with the addition of fly ash. The elevated temperatures resulted in a long-term strength loss in both belite-rich and fly ash containing concrete. The long-term strength loss was caused by a reduction in the degree of hydration and an increase in the total porosity and amount of smaller pores in the material.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary Characteristics of Reservoir Microstructure under Long-Term Waterflooding Development and Its Fractal Description

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fengjiao Wang ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Yikun Liu ◽  
Qingjun Deng ◽  
Jianjun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
The Relationship

Generally, long-term waterflooding development often leads to the change of reservoir pore and clay mineral composition, which results in the change of permeability and wettability. In order to explore the relationship between core micropore structure and water cut, based on physical simulation experiments and fractal theory, we proposed a fractal evolutionary model to describe the evolution characteristics of microstructure of long-term water driving reservoirs. In this paper, core pore structure by SEM was first conducted to analyze the change of core pore structure before and after waterflooding under the conditions of magnification of 200 times, 800 times, and 2000 times, respectively. Then, conventional and constant rate mercury injection tests were combined to perform the comparative analysis of core structural parameters before and after waterflooding. Finally, a micropore-throat structure evolution model of core was established. Research shows that the connectivity of larger pores becomes better after long-term water driving, the degree of heterogeneity weakens, and the micro heterogeneity of small pores becomes stronger and stronger. The throat characteristics change in a complex manner, the radius tends to increase, and the sorting becomes better, while the connectivity of small throat changes complex. In general, the heterogeneity of throat increases with the time of water injection in reservoirs with low porosity and permeability. On the basis of fractal theory and variation characteristics of rock pore structure in water driving reservoirs, we have established a micropore-throat structure evolution model of core pore-throat characteristics. This fractal evolution model quantitatively characterized the complexity and evolution law of pore structure and clarified the relationship between fractal dimension of core pore structure and water cut under different stages of water driving.

scholarly journals Boosting Solar Steam Generation by Using AIE Photothermal Molecule-Doped 3D Nanofibrous Aerogel with Self-Pumping Water Function

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxuan Li ◽  
Haifei Wen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jiachang Huang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Solar Steam Generation ◽  
High Evaporation Rate

<p>Utilizing solar energy to generate clean water by interface solar steam generation is considered to be a promising strategy to address the challenge of <a></a><a>water shortage globally.</a> However, <a></a><a>high evaporation rate and long-term sustainability have rarely been achieved simultaneously</a>, due to salt accumulation, discontinuous water supply and insufficient photothermal conversion. Herein, we demonstrate that a three-dimensional nanofibrous aerogel (3D NA) with Janus layers enables floating on the surface water by hydrophobic layer and continues pumping water by hydrophilic layer and interconnected porous structure. <a>More notably, an </a><a></a><a>aggregation-induced emission (AIE)</a> photothermal molecule is doped into nanofibers for the first time, which was endowed with superior capacity of transferring solar energy into heat. Combining these unique benefits, the presented 3D NA exhibits extremely high evaporation rate (1.99 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) and solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency (89%) under irradiation of 1 sun. Besides, there is no significant change in evaporation performance after 21 cycles in the case of seawater treatment, suggesting that the designed 3D NA possess sustainable stability and self-cleaning function to restrain salt deposition. With highly efficient evaporation rate and long-term sustainable solar steam generation, such 3D NA can offer new strategy for desalination and sewage treatment. </p>

Anti-biofouling double-layered unidirectional scaffold for long-term solar-driven water evaporation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 16696-16703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Ying Wang ◽  
Jingzhe Xue ◽  
Chunfeng Ma ◽  
Tao He ◽  
Haisheng Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Actual Environment

An anti-biofouling double layered GCZ scaffold is fabricated as a long-term stable solar-driven steam generation device in bacteria-containing actual environment.

Are There Potentially Significant Long-Term Health Consequences of Exposure to Fine Airborne Particulate Matter PM10 to Personnel on the United Kingdom's Offshore Drilling Rigs?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Thomas Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Oil Mist ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
Drilling Rigs ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Drilling mud is a slurry comprising oil, water, and chemical additives. Mud is critical to drilling a modern well as it is circulated down a wellbore to remove rock cuttings and to power the drill bit. A significant volume of this drilling mud is used and later recirculated. The drilling mud warms at depth, creating steam, which holds suspended PM and dissolved chemicals. Many of the pieces of equipment are open or only partially enclosed, allowing for steam generation, while other processes generate aerosolised sprays. There is a significant potential for petroleum workers to become exposed and potentially suffer health effects because of drilling mud exposure. This study aims to find the major sources of PM10 on petroleum wells and quantify the levels of exposure and health hazard associated with drilling mud on petroleum rigs. A literature search was performed, which included all available materials which contained static or mobile concentrations of PM10 or oil mist within the UK or international petroleum drilling sites with a preference for North Sea operations. The study predicts the total PM10 by estimating the combined impact of both solid PM and oil mist. Using this conversion, it is also possible to estimate PM10 concentrations when using water-based muds. The work designates and discusses the expected health ramifications of excess exposure. A quantitative assessment of the risk of silicosis 15 years post-exposure is also calculated, predicting dire consequences to petroleum personnel in the long term. The exposure assessment methods, hygienic standards, and preventive measures are also addressed briefly.

A high-absorption and self-driven salt-resistant black gold nanoparticle-deposited sponge for highly efficient, salt-free, and long-term durable solar desalination

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2581-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhen Liu ◽  
Zhipeng Liu ◽  
Qichen Huang ◽  
Xuechen Liang ◽  
Xuechang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
High Absorption

The self-driven salt resistance mechanism and high solar absorption of BDS realized efficient and long-term durable solar desalination.

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