Anti-biofouling double-layered unidirectional scaffold for long-term solar-driven water evaporation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 16696-16703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Ying Wang ◽  
Jingzhe Xue ◽  
Chunfeng Ma ◽  
Tao He ◽  
Haisheng Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Actual Environment

An anti-biofouling double layered GCZ scaffold is fabricated as a long-term stable solar-driven steam generation device in bacteria-containing actual environment.

Spatially isolating salt crystallisation from water evaporation for continuous solar steam generation and salt harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1840-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Xia ◽  
Qinfu Hou ◽  
Hasan Jubaer ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yuan Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Salt Crystallisation ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Solar Steam Generation

Efficient solar steam generation and concurrent salt harvesting from saline water were achieved with both continuous operation and long-term stability.

scholarly journals Soil salinization under different climate change scenarios: A global scale analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Shokri ◽  
Amirhossein Hassani ◽  
Adisa Azapagic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

<p>Population growth and climate change is projected to increase the pressure on land and water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This pressure is expected to affect all driving mechanisms of soil salinization comprising alteration in soil hydrological balance, sea salt intrusion, wet/dry deposition of wind-born saline aerosols — leading to an increase in soil salinity. Soil salinity influences soil stability, bio-diversity, ecosystem functioning and soil water evaporation (1). It can be a long-term threat to agricultural activities and food security. To devise sustainable action plan investments and policy interventions, it is crucial to know when and where salt-affected soils occur. However, current estimates on spatio-temporal variability of salt-affected soils are majorly localized and future projections in response to climate change are rare. Using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, we related the available measured soil salinity values (represented by electrical conductivity of the saturated paste soil extract, EC<sub>e</sub>) to some environmental information (or predictors including outputs of Global Circulation Models, soil, crop, topographic, climatic, vegetative, and landscape properties of the sampling locations) to develop a set of data-driven predictive tools to enable the spatio-temporal predictions of soil salinity. The outputs of these tools helped us to estimate the extent and severity of the soil salinity under current and future climatic patterns at different geographical levels and identify the salinization hotspots by the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> century in response to climate change. Our analysis suggests that a soil area of 11.73 Mkm<sup>2</sup> located in non-frigid zones has been salt-affected in at least three-fourths of the 1980 - 2018 period (2). At the country level, Brazil, Peru, Sudan, Colombia, and Namibia were estimated to have the highest rates of annual increase in the total area of soils with an EC<sub>e</sub> ≥ 4 dS m<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, the results indicate that by the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> century, drylands of South America, southern and Western Australia, Mexico, southwest United States, and South Africa will be the salinization hotspots (compared to the 1961 - 1990 period). The results of this study could inform decision-making and contribute to attaining the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals for land and water resources management.</p><p>1. Shokri-Kuehni, S.M.S., Raaijmakers, B., Kurz, T., Or, D., Helmig, R., Shokri, N. (2020). Water Table Depth and Soil Salinization: From Pore-Scale Processes to Field-Scale Responses. Water Resour. Res., 56, e2019WR026707. https://doi.org/ 10.1029/2019WR026707</p><p>2. Hassani, A., Azapagic, A., Shokri, N. (2020). Predicting Long-term Dynamics of Soil Salinity and Sodicity on a Global Scale, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 117, 52, 33017–33027. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013771117</p>

scholarly journals On Understanding the Right and Duty of the Manager to Train Subordinates

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Semen Reznik ◽  
Igor Chyemyezov ◽  
Pavel Finaev
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Actual Environment ◽  
The Right

The article deals with the following issue: how do managers understand their responsibility to train their subordinates? The authors focus on the most common errors that can turn the function of training into useless edifications, which trigger negative consequences and reactions of personnel. One of such errors is forced training when the employee is not ready for it. Another error is when manager fails to take into account the motives of the employee’s actions. Other mistakes include inappropriate learning methods or improper use of an initially appropriate method; public humiliation during training; negativity, criticism, and anger; inappropriate mode of communication; intrusion of manager’s opinion upon subordinates; inadequate conditions; no clear goal; no monitoring of behavioral changes, no feedback, etc. The paper contains useful recommendations to managers on how to avoid such situations: take into account the background of your communication partner; state your message clearly; avoid unnecessary personifications; explain the meaning of your advice; use your intonation wisely; avoid negativity and threats; address your employee by name; do not hesitate to use compliments; do not avoid questions; make joint decisions, etc. The optimal conditions of effective training include the following recommendations: demonstrate you care and support initiative; familiarize the employee with your vision of the situation; trust the trainee; be careful with humor; obtain feedback; use actual environment as a source of training cases; avoid criticism and public humiliation; do not postpone criticisms to the end of the day; use the advice of subordinates in their domain of competence, etc. The proposed recommendations can be used by heads of organizations to improve the training of subordinates, as well as to form and maintain long-term business relationships in the team.

scholarly journals Ultrahigh Solar Steam Generation Rate of a Vertically Aligned Reduced Graphene Oxide Foam Realized by Dynamic Compression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiaohan Tian ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Shuang Han ◽  
Changjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Solar Steam Generation

Although solar steam generation is a promising water purification approach for alleviating global shortage of clean water, the water evaporation rate of non-organic systems is still far from perfection. Herein,...

scholarly journals Boosting Solar Steam Generation by Using AIE Photothermal Molecule-Doped 3D Nanofibrous Aerogel with Self-Pumping Water Function

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxuan Li ◽  
Haifei Wen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jiachang Huang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Solar Steam Generation ◽  
High Evaporation Rate

<p>Utilizing solar energy to generate clean water by interface solar steam generation is considered to be a promising strategy to address the challenge of <a></a><a>water shortage globally.</a> However, <a></a><a>high evaporation rate and long-term sustainability have rarely been achieved simultaneously</a>, due to salt accumulation, discontinuous water supply and insufficient photothermal conversion. Herein, we demonstrate that a three-dimensional nanofibrous aerogel (3D NA) with Janus layers enables floating on the surface water by hydrophobic layer and continues pumping water by hydrophilic layer and interconnected porous structure. <a>More notably, an </a><a></a><a>aggregation-induced emission (AIE)</a> photothermal molecule is doped into nanofibers for the first time, which was endowed with superior capacity of transferring solar energy into heat. Combining these unique benefits, the presented 3D NA exhibits extremely high evaporation rate (1.99 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) and solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency (89%) under irradiation of 1 sun. Besides, there is no significant change in evaporation performance after 21 cycles in the case of seawater treatment, suggesting that the designed 3D NA possess sustainable stability and self-cleaning function to restrain salt deposition. With highly efficient evaporation rate and long-term sustainable solar steam generation, such 3D NA can offer new strategy for desalination and sewage treatment. </p>

Energy Matching for Boosting Water Evaporation in Direct Solar Steam Generation

Solar RRL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2000341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojiang Mu ◽  
Yufei Gu ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Shi ◽  
Anyun Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Solar Steam Generation

Are There Potentially Significant Long-Term Health Consequences of Exposure to Fine Airborne Particulate Matter PM10 to Personnel on the United Kingdom's Offshore Drilling Rigs?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Thomas Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Oil Mist ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
Drilling Rigs ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Drilling mud is a slurry comprising oil, water, and chemical additives. Mud is critical to drilling a modern well as it is circulated down a wellbore to remove rock cuttings and to power the drill bit. A significant volume of this drilling mud is used and later recirculated. The drilling mud warms at depth, creating steam, which holds suspended PM and dissolved chemicals. Many of the pieces of equipment are open or only partially enclosed, allowing for steam generation, while other processes generate aerosolised sprays. There is a significant potential for petroleum workers to become exposed and potentially suffer health effects because of drilling mud exposure. This study aims to find the major sources of PM10 on petroleum wells and quantify the levels of exposure and health hazard associated with drilling mud on petroleum rigs. A literature search was performed, which included all available materials which contained static or mobile concentrations of PM10 or oil mist within the UK or international petroleum drilling sites with a preference for North Sea operations. The study predicts the total PM10 by estimating the combined impact of both solid PM and oil mist. Using this conversion, it is also possible to estimate PM10 concentrations when using water-based muds. The work designates and discusses the expected health ramifications of excess exposure. A quantitative assessment of the risk of silicosis 15 years post-exposure is also calculated, predicting dire consequences to petroleum personnel in the long term. The exposure assessment methods, hygienic standards, and preventive measures are also addressed briefly.

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