scholarly journals The first study on the impact of osmolytes in whole cells of high temperature-adapted microorganisms

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (41) ◽  
pp. 8381-8391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Salvador-Castell ◽  
Maksym Golub ◽  
Nicolas Martinez ◽  
Jacques Ollivier ◽  
Judith Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
The Impact

The presence of the osmolyte mannosylglycerate in alive cells of Thermococcus barophilus, a hyperthermophile and piezophile, limits the structural rearrangements of its proteome under the archaeon optimal growth conditions, i.e. 358 K and 40 MPa.

The impact of species, respiration type, growth phase and genetic inventory on absolute metal content of intact bacterial cells

Metallomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Budhraja ◽  
Chang Ding ◽  
Philipp Walter ◽  
Stephan Wagner ◽  
Thorsten Reemtsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
The Impact

Absolute metal ion content was determined from whole cells of different microbial species and changes were related to growth conditions and change of encoded genes.

Water and Temperature Stress Impact Fitness of Acetohydroxyacid Synthase–Inhibiting Herbicide-Resistant Populations of Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum ptychanthum)

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamshid Ashigh ◽  
François J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
The Impact

Many substitutions in the herbicide target enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) confer whole-plant resistance and may reduce plant fitness. This study was done to determine the impact of different watering and temperature regimes on the germination, growth, and seed production of eastern black nightshade populations resistant (R) to AHAS inhibitors as conferred by an Ala205Val substitution in their AHAS. Growth and reproductive ability of four R and four susceptible (S) populations were determined in growth-cabinet and greenhouse studies. The R populations had lower total berry and viable seed production per plant than S under optimal conditions because of slower berry maturation. Seed production of both S and R populations decreased under lower or higher than optimal watering regimes; however, this reduction was more pronounced for the S populations so that seed production was comparable across S and R. The R populations had significantly higher germination and vegetative growth under cooler alternating temperature regimes. Although there were no differences between R and S plants under stress conditions, under optimal growth conditions, the Ala205Val substitution comes at a significant cost in eastern black nightshade. Under optimal growth conditions and in the absence of herbicide selection, S populations should eventually dominate over R; however, the lack of fitness differences under stress conditions could enhance the persistence of the R individuals.

On the Formation of Intrinsic Defects in 4H-SiC by High Temperature Annealing Steps

2012 ◽  
Vol 717-720 ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Zippelius ◽  
Jun Suda ◽  
Tsunenobu Kimoto
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carrier Lifetime ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Defect Concentration ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
High Temperature Annealing ◽  
Intrinsic Defects ◽  
Initial Defect ◽  
The Impact

In this paper the impact of high temperature annealing on the formation of intrinsic defects in 4H-SiC such as Z1/2 and EH6/7 was examined. Therefore, three epitaxial layers with various initial concentrations of the Z1/2- and EH6/7-centers (1011 – 1013 cm-3) were investigated. It turns out that depending on the initial defect concentration the high temperature annealing leads to a monotone increase of the Z1/2- and EH6/7-concentration in a temperature range from 1600 to 1750°C. For a defined temperature above these values, the resulting defect concentration is independent of the sample’s initial values. Beside the growth conditions themselves such as C/Si ratio the thermal post-growth processing has a severe impact on the carrier lifetime which must be taken into account during device fabrication.

scholarly journals GFP plasmid-induced defects in Salmonella invasion depend on plasmid architecture, not protein expression

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leann Clark ◽  
Isabel Martinez-Argudo ◽  
Tom J. Humphrey ◽  
Mark A. Jepson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Gfp Expression ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Marker ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Cultured Epithelial Cells ◽  
Induced Defects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plasmid Carriage

We have investigated the impact of plasmids and GFP expression on invasion of cultured epithelial cells by Salmonella enterica Typhimurium strain SL1344. The invasiveness of SL1344 carrying plasmids derived from pBR322, encoding promoterless GFP or constitutively expressed rpsM-GFP, was compared under optimal growth conditions with that of SL1344(pBR322), unmodified SL1344 and a strain with chromosome-integrated rpsM-GFP. The strain carrying pBR322 exhibited normal invasion, but the presence of modified plasmids impaired invasiveness, and impairment was exacerbated by plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol resistance (CmR). Using a different antibiotic resistance marker, kanamycin (KmR), did not impair invasiveness. Despite the effect of plasmid-encoded CmR, the strain containing chromosomally encoded GFP, also carrying a CmR gene, was as invasive as the wild-type. To investigate the mechanism by which plasmid carriage decreases invasion, we monitored SPI-1 gene expression using prgH promoter activity as an index of SPI-1 activity. An SL1344 strain with a chromosome-integrated prgH : : gfp reporter construct exhibited lower GFP expression during exponential phase when carrying plasmids incorporating CmR or gfp, mirroring invasion data. These data provide evidence that suppression of SPI-1 gene expression is a major factor in the loss of invasiveness associated with plasmid carriage. Our findings also indicate that some plasmids, especially those carrying CmR , should be used with caution, as virulence traits and gene expression may be affected by their presence. Integration of reporter proteins into the bacterial chromosome, however, appears to circumvent the adverse effects observed with plasmids.

scholarly journals Production of Hybrid Rice seeds using environment sensitive genic male sterile (EGMS) and basmati rice lines in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Njiruh Paul Nthakanio ◽  
Kariuki Simon Njau
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPhotoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile rice (PGMS) lines IR-73827-23-76-15-7 S, IR-75589-31-27-8-33S referred to as P1 and P2, and IR-77271-42-25-4-36S, thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line referred to as T were obtained from International Rice research Institute. These lines, collectively known as environment genic male sterile lines, were sown under greenhouse growth conditions where temperatures were more than 34°C with an objective of inducing complete male gamete sterility in them. Results indicated that high temperature growth conditions induces complete male gamete sterility in both the PGMS and TGMS lines. The impact of this is that, it will be possible to produce pure basmati hybrid rice seed in the tropical regions without contamination with pure breed lines. The male sterile PGMS/TGMS were pollinated with pollen from basmati370 and 217 grown under natural conditions and some hybrid seeds were obtained. This shows that high temperature emasculated the male gametes but not female ones. The conclusion is that it is possible to induce complete male gamete sterility in PGMS and TGMS under greenhouse in tropical growth conditions, and to produce hybrid rice seeds. This makes basmati hybrid rice seed production in Kenya a viable venture.

4H-SiC Bulk Growth Using High-Temperature Gas Source Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 778-780 ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Tokuda ◽  
Jun Kojima ◽  
Kazukuni Hara ◽  
Hidekazu Tsuchida ◽  
Shoichi Onda
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
High Temperature Gradient ◽  
Bulk Growth ◽  
Source Method ◽  
Gas Source ◽  
High Temperature Gas

Our latest results of SiC bulk growth by High-Temperature Gas Source Method　are given in this paper. Based on Mullins-Sekerka instability, optimal growth conditions to preclude dendrite crystals, which are one of the pending issues for high-speed bulk growth, was studied. First, the simulation studies showed that high temperature gradient in a growing crystal is required for high-speed bulk growth without dendrite crystals. Second, high-speed bulk growth was demonstrated under high temperature gradient.

A NEW WELDING MATERIAL FOR REGENERATION IN THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NICKEL. ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF DEFORMABLE HEAT-RESISTANT HIGH-CHROMIUM NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS FOR WELDED PARTS. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING FUELLING STATIONS TYPES AND VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND STORING METHODS

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ben Nengjun ◽  
Zhou Pengfei ◽  
Oleksandr Labartkava ◽  
Mykhailo Samokhin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Salt Corrosion ◽  
Tcp Phases ◽  
The Impact

This work involves an analysis of high-chromium high-temperature deformable wieldable nickel alloys for use in GTE repair assemblies. It is shown that the alloys EP868 (VZh98) and Haynes 230 can be used in welded assemblies with an operating temperature of 800-1100 °C. The alloys Nimonic 81, Nimonic 91, IN 935, IN 939, and Nicrotan 2100 GT also have a high potential for use in welded assemblies. They are characterized by a combination of good weldability, high-temperature strength, and resistance to scaling. There have been conducted studies on high-temperature salt corrosion of model nickel alloys. They allowed establishing the patterns of the impact of base metal alloying with chromium, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and rare earth metals on the critical temperature of the start of salt corrosion Tcor and the alloy mass loss. It has been established that alloys with a moderate concentration (13-16%) of chromium can possess satisfactory hightemperature corrosion resistance (HTC resistance) under the operating conditions of ship GTE. The HTC resistance of CrAl-Ti alloys improves upon reaching the ratio Ti/Al ˃ 1. Meanwhile, the ratio Ti/Al ˂ 1 promotes the formation of corrosion products with low protective properties. The positive effect of tantalum on the HTC resistance of alloys is manifested at higher test temperatures than that of titanium, and the total content of molybdenum and tungsten in alloys is limited by the condition 8Mo2 – 2W2 = 89. The presence of refractory elements stabilizes the strengthening phase and prevents formation of the ɳ-phase. However, their excess promotes formation of the embrittling topologically close packed (TCP) phases and boundary carbides of an unfavorable morphology. Based on the studies of the HTC resistance, there has been identified a class of model high-temperature corrosionresistant nickel alloys with a moderate or high chromium content (30%), Ti/Al ˃ 1, and a balanced content of refractory and rare-earth elements.

scholarly journals Temperature, Disease, and Death in London: Analyzing Weekly Data for the Century from 1866 to 1965

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
W. Walker Hanlon ◽  
Casper Worm Hansen ◽  
Jake Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Using novel weekly mortality data for London spanning 1866-1965, we analyze the changing relationship between temperature and mortality as the city developed. Our main results show that warm weeks led to elevated mortality in the late nineteenth century, mainly due to infant deaths from digestive diseases. However, this pattern largely disappeared after WWI as infant digestive diseases became less prevalent. The resulting change in the temperature-mortality relationship meant that thousands of heat-related deaths—equal to 0.9-1.4 percent of all deaths— were averted. These findings show that improving the disease environment can dramatically alter the impact of high temperature on mortality.

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